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West Manggarai Regency

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West Manggarai Regency ( Indonesian : Kabupaten Manggarai Barat ) is one of the eight regencies which comprise the island of Flores , located in the province of East Nusa Tenggara ( Nusa Tenggara Timur ) in Indonesia . The Regency was created on 25 February 2003 by the separation off of the western districts from Manggarai Regency . It covers a land area of 3,141.47 km, and had a population of 221,703 at the 2010 census, rising to 251,689 at the 2015 Intermediate census and to 256,317 at the 2020 census. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 278,184. The regency's capital is the town of Labuan Bajo .

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42-424: The regency includes the western portion of Flores island ( Pulau Flores ) and several small islands mainly lying to the west of it, including the two largest islands, Komodo ( Pulau Komodo ) and Rinca ( Pulau Rinca ) as well as others such as Greater Seraya ( Pulau Seraya Besar ), Lesser Seraya ( Pulau Seraya Kecil ), Bidadari ( Pulau Bidadari ) and Longgos ( Pulau Longgos ). The total area of West Manggarai Regency

84-537: A shark and manta ray sanctuary (includes sea around Komodo Island ). The national park was founded in 1980 to protect the Komodo dragon , the world's largest lizard. In 1991 the national park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Komodo (island) Komodo ( Indonesian : Pulau Komodo pronounced [koˈmodo] ) is one of the 17,508 islands that comprise the Republic of Indonesia . It

126-425: A beach with " pink " sand , one of only seven in the world. The sand appears pink because it is a mixture of white sand and red sand, formed from pieces of Foraminifera . In April 2019, Indonesian authorities announced a plan to close Komodo Island to tourism for a limited period to allow for conservation efforts amid concerns over animal-smuggling. In July 2019, it was confirmed that the island would be closed from

168-732: A chewy and sweet flavor .Young seeds are soft and easy to chew. When the fruits are overripe, they will have a harder texture. The boiled water obtained from boiling fruits can also be utilized as a natural dye for fabrics. The fruit stalk can be cut it into smaller stick used as firewood . Some people also utilized it as part of furniture. In Thailand, some people eat the young shoot with chili sauce , and use them as cooking ingredients in dishes like soup. The dark fibrous bark (known as duk or doh in Javanese , and in India ; iju , ejoo , eju or gomuti —a term that botanists applied as

210-625: A dragon-like animal existing in the region circulated widely and attracted considerable attention. But no Westerner visited the island to check the story until official interest was sparked in the early 1910s by stories from Dutch sailors based in Flores in East Nusa Tenggara about a mysterious creature. The creature was allegedly a dragon which inhabited a small island in the Lesser Sunda Islands (the main island of which

252-561: A rough texture, making it unsuitable for most clothing. The leaves as well as the leaf midribs can be used to weave baskets and marquetry work in furniture. In Indonesia, starch can also be extracted from sugar palms and used in place of rice flour in noodles, cakes, and other dishes. The timber is used for high grade construction, posts, beams, flooring, interior finish, wharf bridge building and other uses where strength and durability are important. The trunks are typically used for making tools and furniture. Weevils that live inside

294-986: A specific or generic name to the whole plant)—in Malay ; ijuk in Indonesia; and yumot or cabo negro in the Philippines), is manufactured into cordage, brushes, brooms, thatch roofing, or filters. According to the study on bas-reliefs of Javanese ancient temples such as Borobudur , this type of roof is known in ancient Java vernacular architecture. It can be found today in Balinese temple roof architecture and Minangkabau Rumah Gadang gonjong horn-like curved roof architecture, such as those found in Pagaruyung Palace . In Thailand, fibres were once used to create raincoats for miners called Jang Sui ( Thai : จั่งซุ้ย). The cloth made of this plant has

336-419: A vine to attach this bamboo ladder to the trunk, providing them with steps to climb up and reach the fruits. Some areas utilize hemp rope and slingshot. However, this method requires at least 2 people to collect the fruits as one of them must be responsible for climbing trees and harvesting the fruits, while the other stays on the ground to pull the climbing rope. During sap harvesting period, workers collect

378-515: Is 10,191.47 square kilometres (3,934.95 sq mi), consisting of a land area of 3,141.47 square kilometres (1,212.93 sq mi) and a sea area of 7,050 square kilometres (2,720 sq mi). At the time of the 2010 census West Manggarai Regency was divided into seven districts ( kecamatan ), but a further five districts have subsequently been created by the division of existing districts. These are tabulated below with their areas and their 2010 and 2020 census populations, together with

420-564: Is Flores). Hearing the reports, Lieutenant Steyn van Hensbroek, an official of the Dutch Colonial Administration in Flores, planned a trip to Komodo Island to continue the search. He armed himself, and accompanied by a team of soldiers, landed on the island. After a few days, Hensbroek managed to kill one of the lizards to investigate. Realising the significance of the dragons on Komodo Island as an endangered species,

462-425: Is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 metres (66 feet) tall, with the trunk remaining covered by the rough old leaf bases. The leaves are 6–12 m (20–39 ft) long and 1.5 m (5 ft) broad, pinnate, with the pinnae in 1–6 rows, 40–70 centimetres (16–28 inches) long and 5 cm (2 in) broad. The fruit is subglobose, 7 cm (3 in) diameter, green maturing black. A. pinnata suffers from

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504-506: Is a well-known destination for climbers and tourists to the regency. The area around Mt Mbeliling, which is rich in bird life, attracts bird-watching groups Sano (means Mount) Nggoang is 513 hectares (1.9 sq. mi.) of volcanic crater lake with depth of around 600 meters (1968.5 ft.), the deepest lake of its kind in the world. In late August 2013, the local authority designated that all regency's marine and coastal water up to 12 nautical miles offshore occupied 7,000 square kilometer area as

546-540: Is considered one of the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots . It has also has been selected as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature . The waters surrounding Komodo island contain rich marine biodiversity. Komodo islands is also a part of the Coral Triangle , which contains some of the richest marine biodiversity on Earth. It is also a WWF Global 200 Marine Eco-region , a WWF / IUCN Centre of Plant Diversity , one of

588-576: Is distilled into a spirit ( sopi in Maluku, cap tikus in North Sulawesi). Edmund Roberts talks about drinking an alcoholic beverage made in the Cavite area. He described it as a "fermented" and "intoxicating liquor". He said that it was "the pith furnished with sugar – when the liquor was properly boiled down, a farina ...and of the inside of its triangular-shaped fruit a sweet bread

630-476: Is harvested for commercial use in southeast Asia, yielding a sugar known as gur in India, gula aren in Indonesia, and pakaskas in the Philippines. The sap is collected and made as lahang , a traditional cold sweet drink, and is also fermented into vinegar (Filipino sukang kaong ), palm wine (Filipino tubâ , Malaysian and Indonesian tuak , in eastern Indonesia sageru ), which in turn

672-553: Is located on the island of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The total population is about 350,000 people. The Manggarai language consists of several dialects, such as Pae, Mabai, Rejong, Mbaen, Pota, Central Manggarai, East Manggarai, and West Manggarai dialects. The four leading dialects may be the languages of separate ethnic groups that were subservient to the Manggarai people in ancient times. The Komodo people inhabits Komodo Village, Komodo District, West Manggarai and speak

714-558: Is part of the Komodo District (which also includes Rinca Island and numerous other islands off the west coast of Flores , together with part of the western portion of Flores itself), forming part of West Manggarai Regency within the province of East Nusa Tenggara . In 1991 Komodo island was include on the Komodo National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Man and Biosphere Reserve . It

756-459: Is particularly notable as the habitat of the Komodo dragon , the largest lizard on Earth, which is named after the island. Komodo Island has a surface area of 291 square kilometres, and had a human population of about 1,800 in 2020. Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park . It is a popular destination for diving . Administratively, it

798-524: The Komodo people , has been extinct since the 1980s. The island's present-day residents are descendants of former convicts who were exiled to Komodo and who have mixed with Bugis from Sulawesi . The population is primarily adherents of Islam but there are also Christian and Hindu congregations. Komodo is part of the Lesser Sundas deciduous forests ecoregion. The island is also a popular destination for diving and it has been included into

840-425: The sap twice a day, once in the morning and again in the evening. From a single tree, they typically obtain around 15-20 liters of fresh sap in each harvest. Bamboo tubes or plastic buckets are utilized to collect the dripping sap . In the Philippines, an annual Irok Festival is celebrated in the municipality of Indang in Cavite which is a major producer of kaong fruits, sukang kaong , and tubâ in

882-472: The 139 islands off the west coast of Flores, of which the largest are Komodo and Rinca ; the district also includes the most westerly part of the Flores mainland, including the regency capital of Labuan Bajo and the entire west coast of Flores. (b) including two kelurahan - Labuan Bajo and Wae Kelambu - and 17 desa . (c) includes the offshore islands of Pulau Boleng and Pulau Longos. (d) The 2010 census population quoted for Sanonggoang District includes

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924-534: The Dutch government issued a regulation on the protection of the lizards on Komodo Island in 1915. In the decades since the Komodo became known to non-locals, various scientific expeditions from a range of countries have carried out field research on the dragons on Komodo Island. Komodo had a population of about 1,800 at the 2020 census, spread out over the island and in the main Komodo village . The native population,

966-554: The beginning of 2020. In September 2019, the park attracted further controversy when tourists complained that their guides were encouraging them to take selfies with Komodo dragons. The Governor of Nusa Tenggara Timur province, Viktor Laiskodat , said that a budget of Rp 100 billion (around $ US 7.2 million) would be provided to support the conservation program. The plan is controversial: Governor Laiskodat has suggested that an expensive entrance fee be charged to foreign tourists while local villagers who live on Komodo Island are worried about

1008-492: The buri palm ( Corypha elata ). The raw juice and pulp are caustic. This crop may develop into a major resource of biofuel ( ethanol ). The immature fruits are widely consumed in the Philippines (called kaong ) and Indonesia (called buah kolang-kaling or buah tap ) and are made into canned fruits after they are boiled in sugar syrup. The seeds can be used in many different recipes, such as sour soup, or eaten with pandan juice, syrup, or coconut milk . These seeds have

1050-467: The controversial New 7 Wonders of Nature list since November 11, 2011. The Komodo dragon , the world's largest living lizard, takes its name from the island. A type of monitor lizard , it inhabits Komodo Island and some of the smaller surrounding islands, as well as part of western Flores. Javan deer also inhabit the island, though they are not native. Other animals include water buffalo , banded pigs , civets, cockatoos and macaques. Komodo contains

1092-568: The country. Irok is a local name for Arenga pinnata in the northwestern Philippines. The world's first ever crossword puzzle, labelled "Word-Cross" in the 21 December 1913 edition of New York World newspaper's Sunday Fun supplement and created by Arthur Wynne, a Liverpool, UK-born journalist, included a clue: The fibre of the gomuti plant . The answer was doh . In some areas of southern Thailand, such as Ban Khlong Bor Saen and Bang Toei, Phang Nga , cultural beliefs associated with Arenga pinnata are prevalent. The trees are intertwined with

1134-551: The endangered Komodo language . Komodo people inhabit the fishing village inhabited by 800 families. The population stands at 2,000 people. The majority are fishermen and some are active as Rangers in Komodo National Park . The Bajo or Bajau people are the indigenous tribes of the archipelago originating from the Sulu Islands , Philippines . Bajo migrated to various places in the Malay Archipelago, one of which

1176-407: The figure for the new Mbeliling District, cut out of it between 2010 and 2015. (e) including one kelurahan - Tangge. (f) The 2010 census population quoted for Lembor District includes the figure for the new Lembor Selatan District, cut out of it in the same period. (g) including 2 kelurahan - Golo Ru'u and Nantal. (h) The 2010 census population quoted for Kuwus District includes the figure for

1218-422: The local environment. These activities include efforts to promote continued attention to the cultivation of sugar palms ( Arenga pinnata ). Education Education facilities in the region are limited, especially in the outlying areas. Some non-government organisations help, for example, with the provision of books for children to isolated villages. Tourism Various local community groups in different parts of

1260-480: The locals' lives and serve as a source of income for the villagers over generations. The locals typically call this plant Chok ( Thai : ชก) or Nao ( Thai : เหนา) . However, it has a nickname " Ton Luk Kha Mae" ( Thai : ต้นลูกฆ่าแม่) which means a child kills its mother, as the Arenga pinnata in those areas can produce fruits only once in its lifetime and it will perish within 4 -5 years. A belief revolves around

1302-425: The new Ndoso District, cut out of it in the same period, while the 2010 census population quoted for Kuwus District additionally includes the figure for the new Kuwus Barat District, cut out of it in 2018. (i) includes the offshore islands of Pulau Medang and Pulau Sebabi. (j) The 2010 census population quoted for Macang Pacar District includes the figure for the new Pacar District, cut out of it in 2018. Most of

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1344-445: The official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 164 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan ), and its post code. Altogether there are 242 named islands off the coast of West Manggarai Regency, of which the two largest (Komodo and Rinca) with smaller islands form the Komodo National Park . Notes: (a) includes

1386-408: The population of West Manggarai Regency are Christianism , which is 78.56%, of which the majority are Catholicism 77.76% and Protestantism 0.80%. There is also a large proportion of the population adheres to the religion Islam which is 21.39%, and the rest are Hinduism 0.4% and Buddhism less than 0.01%. The Manggarai people inhabits Manggarai Regency, West Manggarai and East Manggarai, which

1428-478: The possible loss of income. Arenga pinnata Arenga pinnata (syn. Arenga saccharifera ) is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia , from eastern India east to Malaysia , Indonesia , and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm , areng palm (also aren palm or arengga palm ), black sugar palm , and kaong palm , among other names. It

1470-512: The practice of singing and dancing during the sap tapping process. Locals believe that when the tree is surrounded by music, it yields abundantly and the sap quality is enhanced. While climbers harvest sap , some ground workers actively engage in singing and dancing. Moreover, some locals have specific classifications for the female trees dividing them into three types, which are Nao saw ( Thai : เหนาสาว), Nao Mae Mai ( Thai : เหนาแม่ม่าย), and Nao Kae ( Thai : เหนาแก่). The word “Nao” refers to

1512-472: The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus , and is one of its major hosts in China . It is not a threatened species , though it is locally rare in some parts of its range. It serves as an important part of the diet of several endangered species, including cloud rats of the genus Phloeomys . Many products of the palm are used, as food, as construction materials, and for other purposes. The sap

1554-416: The regency work to promote the local tourist industry through, for example, the development of local dance troupes and foods from local areas. In Liang Ndara village, which has been designated as a tourist site, there are programs to teach English in the local community to support the tourist industry, Mount Mbeliling ( Indonesian : Gunung Mbeliling ), one of the highest peaks in the regency (1,325 meters)

1596-405: The tree while each subsequent word provides a different meaning that signifies the duration the tree has been tapped for sap . Nao Saw ( Thai : เหนาสาว) refers to the trees that have not been used to collect sap before. The term “ Saw ” ( Thai : สาว) means young woman. Nao Mae Mai ( Thai : เหนาแม่หม้าย) refers to the trees that have been used to collect sap, with the process repeated around

1638-542: The trunk are sometimes collected as food by people harvesting the fruits. The seeds can be boiled and the stem tips can be eaten as vegetables. The young flower stalks can be bruised to obtain the juice. Various methods are employed to climb and harvest the fruits. In some regions in Thailand, locals make use of a bamboo ladder with natural step-like protrusions which in Thai known as Phaong ( Thai : พะอง). Harvesters use

1680-512: The world’s Endemic Bird Areas and an ASEAN Heritage Park. Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park . It lies between the substantially larger neighbouring islands Sumbawa to the west and Flores to the east. The island's surface area covers 291 square kilometres. Komodo Island is home to the Komodo Dragon, the largest lizard on earth. The earliest stories (among Westerners) of

1722-521: Was Labuhan Bajo, West Manggarai. Labuan Bajo means the harbor for the Bajo people . This ethnic group is a nomadic ethnic group in the sea, it is not surprising that many call it the Sea Gypsy. Rural development The West Manggarai Regency, along with other nearby regencies on Flores, has a long and hot dry season. Programs of tree-planting have been initiated in recent years which are helping improve

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1764-407: Was made." Sugar ( jaggery ) is also commonly derived from the fresh sap in Indonesia and the Philippines. These are traditionally prevented from fermenting by placing crushed chili or ginger in the collecting container. The sap is boiled until it reduces to a thick syrup which is then dried into a brown sugar. Similar sugar extraction methods are also traditionally used for other sugar palms, such as

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