West Marin is the largest region of Marin County, California , which is also rural.
41-545: West Marin comprises the westernmost towns of Point Reyes Station , Olema , Stinson Beach , Bolinas , Tomales , Dillon Beach , and Inverness . West Marin is generally considered to be northwest of Muir Beach on the Pacific Ocean side of Mount Tamalpais , however it also includes Nicasio and Woodacre and going westward. When coming from Fairfax , Woodacre, which is in the San Geronimo Valley ,
82-553: A coastal subspecies of the California mule deer , Odocoileus hemionus . When hunting deer, Miwok hunters traditionally used Brewer's angelica , Angelica breweri to eliminate their own scent. Miwok did not typically hunt bears. Yerba buena tea leaves were used medicinally. Tattooing was a traditional practice among Coast Miwok, and they burned poison oak for a pigment. Their traditional houses, called "kotcha", were constructed with slabs of tule grass or redwood bark in
123-648: A cone-shaped form. Miwok people are skilled at basketry . A recreated Coast Miwok village called Kule Loklo is located at the Point Reyes National Seashore . In C. Hart Merriam 's discussions with Coast Miwok peoples, he identified three cultural tribes: These tribes did not have a political structure and so are not "tribes" in that sense. Rather, chiefs or headmen ( oi-bu in Olamentko and hoipu in Hookooeko) were empowered at
164-592: A land grant of 2 sq. leagues known as Rancho Olompali , from Governor Micheltorena of Alta California in 1843, which included the prehistoric Miwok village of Olompali (his home village) and is north of present-day Novato . The village of Olompali dates back to 500, had been a main center in 1200, and might have been the largest Miwok village in Marin County. Ynitia held onto the Rancho Olompoli land title for nine years, but in 1852 he sold most of
205-400: A population of 848. The population density was 234.5 inhabitants per square mile (90.5/km ). The racial makeup of Point Reyes Station was 725 (85.5%) White , 7 (0.8%) African American , 3 (0.4%) Native American , 10 (1.2%) Asian , 73 (8.6%) from other races , and 30 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 155 persons (18.3%). The Census reported that 100% of
246-681: A portion of each group to Mission San Francisco and another portion to Mission San Jose in the southeast portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. By the end of 1817, 850 Coast Miwok had been converted. Mission San Rafael was founded by the Spanish Franciscans in Coast Miwok territory in the late fall of 1817. By that time the only Coast Miwok people still on their land were those on the Pacific Coast of
287-477: Is a small unincorporated town in western Marin County , California , United States. Point Reyes Station is located 13 miles (21 km) south-southeast of Tomales , at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m). Point Reyes Station is located along State Route 1 and is a gateway to the Point Reyes National Seashore , an extremely popular national preserve. The Point Reyes Station census-designated place (CDP) covers
328-419: Is considered one of the local "gateways" to West Marin by many locals, cyclists and tourists alike. The San Geronimo Valley also includes the towns of San Geronimo , Forest Knolls and Lagunitas . Local gem Samuel P Taylor Park is just west of Lagunitas. The Point Reyes Light is a weekly newspaper covering West Marin. Unlike the rest of the county, which is served by Golden Gate Transit, West Marin
369-928: Is documented in Callaghan (1970). From speaking with Coast Miwok people in the early 1900s, Merriam believed that the Lekahtewutko and Hookooeko dialects were substantially the same. Ethnobotany of the Coast Miwok. They had extensive knowledge and relationships with local flora. Presumably every plant had a name and purpose. Notable engagement with plants may be viewed from four perspectives: medicinal uses, food sustenance, technology and spiritual significance. Medicinal uses: The California Floristic province provides an abundant natural pharmacy for healing and known developed treatments for maladies include but are not limited to: analgesic (pain relief), hematology (blood purifier), snakebite, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatological (skin) applications. Comparable to
410-578: Is served only by Marin Transit , which connects to Golden Gate Transit lines at Marin City and in the San Geronimo Valley , among other locations. 38°0′N 122°45′W / 38.000°N 122.750°W / 38.000; -122.750 This Marin County, California –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Point Reyes Station, California Point Reyes Station (formerly Marin and Olema Station )
451-693: The Coast Miwok Indians, Point Reyes Station gets its name from the nearby Point Reyes Peninsula (a major peninsula sticking out into the Pacific Ocean ) and its status as a terminus stop on the North Pacific Coast Railroad connecting Cazadero to the Sausalito ferry. Point Reyes Station is very close to the San Andreas Fault , which was responsible for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . At one time,
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#1732772670964492-596: The Mexican-American war . Revere forced enslaved Coast Miwok people to operate the plantation, selling timber and crops. By the early 20th century, a few Miwok families pursued fishing for their livelihoods; one family continued commercial fishing into the 1970s, while another family maintained an oyster harvesting business. When this activity was neither in season nor profitable, Miwok people of this area sought agricultural employment, which required an itinerant lifestyle. The preferred locality for such work
533-602: The Pomo , also Maidu , Ohlone , Esselen , and northernmost Yokuts . However Kroeber observed less "specialized cosmogony " in the Miwok, which he termed one of the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups", in comparison to the Maidu and other northern California tribes. Coast Miwok mythology and narratives were similar to those of other natives of Central and Northern California. The Coast Miwok believed in animal and human spirits, and saw
574-545: The Bodega Bay Miwok, or Olamentko (Olamentke), from authenticated Miwok villages around Bodega Bay , the Marin Miwok, or Hookooeko (Huukuiko), and Southern Sonoma Miwok, or Lekahtewutko (Lekatuit). While they did not have an overarching name for themselves, the Coast Miwok word for people, Micha-ko , was suggested by A. L. Kroeber as a possible endonym , keeping with a common practice among tribal groups and
615-669: The First People to establish on the North American continent. Evidence to suggest this migration path and timeline is supported by the theory of the Kelp Highway and discovery of footprints in White Sands New Mexico date of arrival as far back as 23-21,000 years ago. Before and after the glacial maximum the sea level and coast line drastically changed and archeological sites are likely underwater as
656-675: The Marin Peninsula, from Point Reyes north to Bodega Bay . The Spanish authorities brought most of the Coast Miwoks who had been at Missions San Francisco and San Jose back north to form a founding population for Mission San Rafael. But some who had married Ohlone or Bay Miwok-speaking Mission Indians remained south of the Golden Gate. Over time in the 1820s Mission San Rafael became a mission for Coast Miwok and Pomo speakers. Mission San Francisco Solano , founded in 1823 in
697-693: The Sonoma Valley (the easternmost traditional Coast Miwok region), came to be predominately a mission for Indians that spoke the Wappo or Patwin languages. At the end of the Mission period (1769–1834) the Coast Miwoks were freed from the control of the Franciscan missionaries. At the same time the Mission lands were secularized and ceded to Californios . Most Coast Miwok began to live in servitude on
738-556: The Tomales Bay. About 500 Miwok people relocated to Rancho Nicasio . By 1850 they had one league of land left. This radical reduction of land was a result of illegal confiscation of land by Europeans under protest by native residents. In 1870, José Calistro , the last community leader at Nicasio, purchased the small surrounding parcel. Calistro died in 1875, and in 1876 the land was transferred by his will to his four children. In 1880 there were 36 Miwok people at Nicasio. The population
779-471: The animal spirits as their ancestors. Coyote was seen as their ancestor and creator god . In their stories, the Earth began with land formed out of the Pacific Ocean . In their myths, legends, tales, and histories , the Coast Miwok participated in the general cultural pattern of Central California. The authenticated Coast Miwok villages are: Coastal populations like the Coast Miwok were likely some of
820-461: The center of Tomales Bay. Via State Route 1 , it is 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Stinson Beach and 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Tomales . San Francisco is 42 miles (68 km) to the southeast via Point Reyes–Petaluma Road, Nicasio Valley Road, and Lucas Valley Road. Formerly an actual port and railway terminus, Point Reyes Station nominally borders Tomales Bay; the introduction of European cattle and planting of European grass seed on
861-688: The city. Coast Miwok Marin County Plains & Sierra Miwok Lake Miwok The Coast Miwok are an Indigenous people of California that were the second-largest tribe of the Miwok people. Coast Miwok inhabited the general area of present-day Marin County and southern Sonoma County in Northern California , from the Golden Gate north to Duncans Point and eastward to Sonoma Creek . Coast Miwok included
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#1732772670964902-556: The epicenter of the quake was thought to be near Olema . A walking tour of the fault can be taken from the Point Reyes National Seashore's Visitor Center. The place was called "Olema Station" when the railroad arrived in 1875. The Point Reyes post office opened in 1882. Its name changed thrice in 1891: first to Marin, then back to Point Reyes, and finally to the modern Point Reyes Station. The 2010 United States Census reported that Point Reyes Station had
943-780: The ethnographers studying them in the early 20th century and with the term Miwok itself, which is the Central Sierra Miwok word for 'people'. The Coast Miwok spoke their own Coast Miwok language in the Utian linguistic group. They lived by hunting and gathering , and lived in small bands without centralized political authority. In the springtime they would head to the coasts to hunt salmon and other seafood, including seaweed. Otherwise their staple foods were primarily acorns —particularly from black and tan oak –nuts and wild game, such as deer and cottontail rabbits and black-tailed deer , Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ,
984-503: The flora available. Coast Miwok utilized various species for their intrinsic properties, fire and rot resistance, fiber strength, flexibility and color ect. Spiritual Significance Plants were deeply valued and an integral part of spiritual or ceremonial practices. Specific plants were used for certain purposes: success for hunting, rites of passage, aiding fertility, protection and health, as well as mourning. Coast Miwok people's world view included animism , and one form this took
1025-459: The land to James Black of Marin. He retained 1,480 acres (6.0 km ) called Apalacocha. His daughter eventually sold Apalacocha . The other Miwok-owned rancho was at Rancho Nicasio northwest of San Rafael . Near the time of secularization (1835), the Church granted the "San Rafael Christian Indians" 20 leagues (80,000 acres or 32,000 hectares) of Mission lands from present-day Nicasio to
1066-561: The marriages of 49 couples from their Huimen and Guaulen local tribes ( San Rafael and Bolinas Bay ) appeared in the Mission San Francisco Book of Marriages. Local tribes from farther and farther north along the shore of San Pablo Bay moved to Mission San Francisco through 1812. Then in 1814 the Spanish authorities began to split the northern groups—Alagualis, Chocoimes (alias Sonomas), Olompalis, and Petalumas—sending
1107-503: The modern concepts of farming and restoration, Coast Miwok practiced their own methods. Coast Miwok were active stewards to encourage and sustain ecological life-giving sources , otherwise known as resources . For example cultivation efforts involved seed collection, storing seeds, propagation, and transplantation. Other methods include prescribed burns and generational management of oak tree groves or stands . Technology Building shelter, assisting travel and tools were specialized by
1148-655: The native populations of the Sonoma region, and the Coast Miwok population continued to decline rapidly from other diseases brought in from the Spaniards as well as the Russians at Fort Ross . By the beginning of California statehood (1850), many Miwok of Marin and Sonoma Counties were making the best of a difficult situation by earning their livelihoods through farm labor or fishing within their traditional homelands. Others chose to work as seasonal or year-round laborers on
1189-474: The natural hills caused destructive erosion, and a combination of small dirt dams, silting, and intentional landfill for farming raised the level of former salt marshes and has left Point Reyes Station approximately 0.8 miles (1.3 km) from the nearest tidal flats, and that after expenditure of millions of dollars and recent efforts for reclamation of the natural environment. The CDP has a total area of 3.62 square miles (9.38 km ), all land. Once land of
1230-531: The population lived in households. There were 412 households, out of which 87 (21.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 168 (40.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 19 (4.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 21 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 19 (4.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 4 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 172 households (41.7%) were made up of individuals, and 90 (21.8%) had someone living alone who
1271-458: The ranches that were rapidly passing from Mexican ownership into Anglo-American ownership. After Mission San Rafael closed during the 1834–1836 period, the Mexican government deeded most of the land to Californios, but allowed the Miwok ex- neophytes to own land at two locations within traditional Coast Miwok territory: Olompali and Nicasio . The Coast Miwok leader Camilo Ynitia , secured
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1312-401: The ranchos for the new California land grant owners, such as those who went to work for General Mariano G. Vallejo at Rancho Petaluma Adobe . The ranch owners were dependent upon the labor pool of Indians with agricultural and ranching skills. Other Miwok chose to live independently in bands like those at Rancho Olompali and Rancho Nicasio . In 1837, a smallpox epidemic decimated all
1353-584: The sea level has risen over 400 ft since 18,000 years ago and the coast line reduced by over 30 miles in some areas. Documentation of Miwok peoples dates back as early as 1579 by a priest on a ship under the command of Sir Francis Drake . Other verification of occupancy exists from Spanish and Russian voyagers between 1595 and 1808. Over 1,000 prehistoric charmstones and numerous arrowheads have been unearthed at Tolay Lake in Southern Sonoma County – some dating back 4,000 years. The lake
1394-456: The tribelet level. The Coast Miwok did not have a single name for all three tribes, describing themselves instead by tribe, tribelet, or village, depending on the context. Using Merriam's divisions, the tribelets as shown on the map to the right – itself derived from Milliken – can be classified as: The Coast Miwok language is still spoken, but the Bodega dialect, spoken by the Olamentko group,
1435-412: The unincorporated town and adjacent development to the north, with a total population of 895 as of the 2020 census. Point Reyes Station is located at 38°04′09″N 122°48′25″W / 38.06917°N 122.80694°W / 38.06917; -122.80694 , just south and east of the southern end of Tomales Bay , and slightly east of the San Andreas Fault just before the fault submerges down
1476-724: Was 51.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males. There were 490 housing units at an average density of 135.5 per square mile (52.3/km ), of which 50.2% were owner-occupied and 49.8% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.8%. 50.6% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 49.4% lived in rental housing units. A number of agricultural companies, many using organic and sustainable practices, are located there, including Cowgirl Creamery and Point Reyes Farmstead Cheese Company . Marin Organic operates out of
1517-406: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06. There were 208 families (50.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.84. The population was spread out, with 155 people (18.3%) under the age of 18, 48 people (5.7%) aged 18 to 24, 152 people (17.9%) aged 25 to 44, 299 people (35.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 194 people (22.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
1558-501: Was persuaded to leave in the 1880s when Marin County curtailed funds to all Miwok (except those at Marshall ) who were not living at the Poor Farm, a place for indigent peoples. Some Coast Miwok persons were enslaved. In 1846, Joseph Warren Revere (career militant and grandson of Paul Revere ) purchased Rancho San Geronimo . It was 8,701 acres (3,521 ha) of Coast Miwok land, first seized by Manuel Micheltorena in 1844 during
1599-527: Was the Kuksu religion that was evident in Central and Northern California. This included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage , shamanic intervention with the spirit world and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. Kuksu was shared with other indigenous ethnic groups of Central California, such as their neighbors
1640-725: Was thought to be a sacred site and ceremonial gathering and healing place for the Miwok and others in the region. Coast Miwok would travel and camp on the coast and bays at peak fishing seasons. After the Europeans arrived in California, the population declined from diseases introduced by the Europeans. Beginning in 1783, mission ecclesiastical records show that Coast Miwok individuals began to join Mission San Francisco de Asis , now known as Mission Dolores. They started joining that mission in large numbers in 1803, when
1681-626: Was within Marin and Sonoma counties. The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria , formerly the Federated Coast Miwok, gained federal recognition of their tribal status in December 2000. The new tribe consists of people of both Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo descent. Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California .) Alfred L. Kroeber put