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57-500: Westmoreland County Community College, founded in 1970, first offered evening classes at Jeannette High School in 1971. By the fall of 1972, the college took up a permanent residence in a former Westinghouse plant in Youngwood and expanded its schedule to include day classes. In the four decades since, Westmoreland's original campus in Youngwood has expanded to four buildings. The college has opened additional centers in other areas:

114-581: A hacklab, hackspace , or makerspace ) is a community-operated, often "not for profit" ( 501(c)(3) in the United States), workspace where people with common interests, such as computers , machining , technology , science , digital art , or electronic art , can meet , socialize , and collaborate . Hackerspaces are comparable to other community-operated spaces with similar aims and mechanisms such as Fab Lab , men's sheds , and commercial "for-profit" companies. In 2006 Paul Böhm came up with

171-444: A 300-seat amphitheater and a tutoring and learning center. It also contains the college store, student center, cafeteria and a licensed day care center. A gymnasium, indoor running track and a combination aerobic/fitness center provide fitness options for students and faculty. The Health and Culinary Center, previously known as Commissioners Hall until 2020, houses additional academic and administrative offices, classrooms, laboratories,

228-473: A borough on June 7, 1889, Jeannette earned the nickname as "the glass city" in recognition of the numerous glass plants founded in the area, with those factories contributing to the city's original stature as the first large manufacturing town in Westmoreland County . In fact, the impact of the glass industry was so significant that the city's name actually comes from Jeannette E. Hartupee McKee,

285-711: A class A live burn building, outdoor firing range, rubble pile and a classroom/administration building. Housed in the Fayette County Community Action Agency Inc. Campus in Uniontown, this center features traditional classrooms, a computer classroom, a videoconferencing classroom and administrative offices. The college opened a location in Indiana near the Jimmy Stewart Airport. A new state-of-the-art facility housing

342-481: A culinary arts complex and a dining facility. Science Innovation Center consists of classrooms and laboratories, a dental hygiene clinic and an art gallery. The facility also contains a 420-seat theater. The Business and Industry Center contains administrative offices and classrooms. It also holds offices for PA CareerLink-Westmoreland and the Workforce Investment Board. Constructed in 1992,

399-408: A distance learning classroom, computer and science laboratories, workforce development training and a student lounge. This center contains traditional classrooms, distance learning classroom, computer classrooms/labs, electronic classrooms, a natural science classroom/lab and student lounge areas. Founded in 2009, this center is located in downtown New Kensington. It contains traditional classrooms,

456-481: A distance learning classroom, computer classrooms/labs, a science lab and a student lounge. The New Kensington Education Center is also home to PA CareerLink - Alle-Kiski, which provides services to the unemployed. Completed in 2003 with an addition in 2018, this training center is located in South Huntington Township. Designed for firefighter, police and emergency services personnel, it features

513-496: A focus of STEM-rich Making. The evolving maker movement has generated interest for its potential role in opening up access to learning and attainment in STEM, with advocates arguing for its “democratizing effects" – with access to a makerspace, “anyone can make... anyone can change the world”. Makerspaces potentially offer opportunities for young people to engage in STEM knowledge and practices in creative and playful ways, where “learning

570-518: A four-year institution. The college also offers Continuing Education courses for adults, displaced workers, non-traditional students and even college for kids. The college hosts several athletics teams, nicknamed the Wolfpack, including baseball, basketball, bowling, softball, and volleyball. In fall 2020, the women's cross country team was ranked number two in the nation by the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association . In fall 2023,

627-626: A fundraising strategy based on the Street Performer Protocol to build Metalab in Vienna , Austria, and became its founding director. In 2007 he and others started Hackerspaces.org, a wiki-based website that maintains a list of many hackerspaces and documents patterns on how to start and run them. As of September  2015 the community list included 1967 hackerspaces with 1199 active sites and 354 planned sites. The advent of crowdfunding and Kickstarter (founded 2009) has put

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684-843: A hackerspace is determined by its members. There is a lot of variety in how hackerspaces are organised. Membership fees are usually the main income of a hackerspace, but some also accept external sponsors . Some hackerspaces in the US have 501(c) 3 status (or the equivalent in their jurisdiction), while others have chosen to forgo tax exempt status. University-affiliated hackerspaces often do not charge an explicit fee, but are generally limited to students, staff, or alumni, although visiting guests from other hackerspaces are usually welcome. Some hackerspaces accept volunteer labor in lieu of membership fees, especially from financially limited participants. In addition, some hackerspaces earn income from sponsoring and staffing high-tech flea markets , where members of

741-640: A new hackerspace in Nashua, New Hampshire , was shut down by the city after an inspection in 2011. The main issues involved ventilation of heat and toxic fumes; the space was reopened after improvements were made to the building. The difficulties with opening hackerspaces and makerspaces within non-profit organizations , such as schools and public libraries include cost, space, liability, and availability of personnel. Many makerspaces struggle to sustain viable business models in support of their missions. Hackerspace culture may have more demonstrable challenges than

798-427: A place to share resources for learning. Lately some have reconsidered their roles to include providing resources for hacking and making. Those generally call themselves Library makerspaces . For example, Chattanooga's 4th floor may have been the first use of a library as laboratory and playground for its community. The User Experience (UX) is another public laboratory and educational facility. Or according to Forbes ,

855-578: A school makerspace inside Shenzhen American International School in 2014, and SZ DIY makerspace organized a school makerspace inside Harbour School. Fab labs are spaces (part of a network initiated by MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms ) whose goal is to enable people to "make (almost) anything". They focus heavily on digital fabrication tools. There are many community art spaces share values with hackerspaces. Some, like AS220 and Haystack Mountain School of Crafts have embraced Fab lab structures to expand

912-677: A subject position beyond the common rhetoric that Chinese citizens lack creativity. As a site of individual empowerment, hackerspace and DIY making enable people to remake the very societal norms and material infrastructures that undergird their work and livelihood. The specific tools and resources available at hackerspaces vary from place to place. They typically provide space for members to work on their individual projects, or to collaborate on group projects with other members. Hackerspaces may also operate computer tool lending libraries, or physical tool lending libraries, up to and including creative sex toys in some instances. The building or facility

969-465: Is and for the making”. However, an explicit equity-agenda has been fairly absent in the maker movement, especially as it relates to sustained engagement in making. The movement remains an adult, white, middle-class pursuit, led by those with the leisure time, technical knowledge, experience, and resources to make. Even with the growth of community-based makerspaces, users of these spaces tend to be white adult men. The median salary for those involved in

1026-725: Is only a few blocks from the Elliott plant. Monsour Medical Center was a 100-bed hospital when it opened in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, in 1958. The Hospital was state-of-the-art in its day, but later fell into financial trouble and was closed in the early 2000's. In 2018, the Elliott Company was approved to purchase the former Jeannette Glass site and expand their operations to downtown Jeannette. The facility could become operational by 2020. The Pennsylvania Rubber Works, which moved to Jeannette from Erie, Pennsylvania, around 1903,

1083-636: Is rapidly expanding their makerspace resources to include engineering spaces for all undergraduate & graduate degrees as part of their new Coll curricula. Tool libraries generally lack a shared space for making or hacking things, but instead serve as a repository of tools people can borrow for use in their own respective spaces. " Repair cafés " are semipermanent places where people can come together to teach and learn how to fix things. "Repair clinics" are pop-up events without permanent facilities, though they are often sponsored by organizations such as public libraries, schools, or universities. The emphasis

1140-546: The Fab lab movement and implementation of similar spaces in universities around the world. Non-Fab-Lab-associated Maker and Hackerspaces are also common. Wheaton College is one school pioneering new Hacker and Maker curriculums and spaces, as is Yale University with spaces like its "CEID". Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering has also pioneered Makerist and Hacker curriculum to great success. The Bioengineering Department at

1197-604: The Jehovah's Witnesses challenged the constitutionality of the law but were defeated in Douglas v. City of Jeannette . Jeannette City School District includes McKee Elementary School and Jeannette Junior/Senior High School. Perhaps the oldest historical reference to the area that became Jeannette is the role the area played in the Pontiac War in 1763. The Bushy Run Battlefield marks the spot where Colonel Henry Boquet led

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1254-487: The University of Pennsylvania 's School of Engineering and Applied Science combines their educational lab space with an open Bio-MakerSpace in their George H. Stephenson Foundation Educational Laboratory & Bio-MakerSpace (or Biomakerspace or BioMaker Space), encouraging a free flow of ideas, creativity, and entrepreneurship between Bioengineering students and students throughout the university. William & Mary

1311-407: The 1970s, local residents routinely witnessed a revolving door of trains hauling parts into the plant on North 4th Street and hauling the huge turbine engines back down the tracks. Today, the Elliott Company is the city's largest employer. Jeannette is also the manufacturing home of Jensen Steam Engine Mfg. Co., Inc., which produces small working models of steam engines and turbines. The Jensen shop

1368-543: The ATC received a grant to create a makerspace on campus. Jeannette, Pennsylvania Jeannette is a city in Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania , United States. Jeannette was founded in 1888. The city got its name from one of the original city fathers, H. Sellers McKee, who wished to honor his wife by giving the new town her first name: Jeannette. The city celebrated its 125th anniversary in July 2013. The population

1425-600: The British and American troops to defeat the Indians in a battle on the 5th and 6 August that year. This victory is credited with helping to prevent the capture of Fort Pitt, and it served the purpose of reopening communication and supply lines. Today, this 200-acre (0.81 km ) historical landmark is the site of a museum, nature trails, picnic areas, and an annual reenactment of the Battle of Bushy Run. First incorporated as

1482-568: The Carrier Corporation from 1957 until 1979 and by United Technologies Corporation until a 1987 buyout that returned the company to a privately owned status, only to become an Ebara Corporation subsidiary in 2000, has always had a solid reputation in the dynamo, turbine, and large rotating equipment industry. In 1952, the company produced the first diesel-engine turbocharger used in a racecar and subsequently built more than 40,000 more of them for other diesel applications. Throughout

1539-732: The Indiana County Center was opened in fall 2022, located next to the Indiana County Technology Center. Located in Mount Pleasant in the former Sony Technology Center, the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) offers training for students and incumbent workers in applied industrial technology, mechatronics, energy technologies, design technologies, machining and fabrication, additive manufacturing, welding, and STEM. In 2023,

1596-609: The Murrysville Education Center in Export, Fayette County Education Center in Uniontown, Indiana County Center in Indiana, Latrobe Education Center, New Kensington Education Center and Public Safety Training Center in Smithton. Westmoreland currently offers 64 associate degree programs, 13 diploma options and 49 certificate programs to prepare students for careers or transfer to baccalaureate degree programs at

1653-454: The athletics program transitioned to Division II in the NCJAA and began to offer scholarships to student athletes. Starting with a single building, Westmoreland County Community College now comprises four buildings on its main campus in Youngwood, Pennsylvania. Westmoreland's original building, formerly known as Founders Hall, houses academic and administrative offices, classrooms, the library,

1710-411: The average family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. The median income for a household in the city in 2011

1767-520: The baseball field, softball field and multipurpose field are used for intercollegiate competitions, intramural sporting activities and noncredit programming. Westmoreland County Community College maintains education centers that serve all of Westmoreland, Fayette and Indiana counties. Each center offers day and evening classes as well as online courses. Student services such as counseling, advising and financial aid are available at scheduled times. Located in Export, this center houses traditional classrooms,

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1824-432: The city. The population density was 4,414.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,704.4/km ). There were 5,139 housing units at an average density of 2,129.3 per square mile (822.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 77.81% white , 20.19% African American , 0.08% Native American , 0.09% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.20% from other races , and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of

1881-659: The concept of fully open makerspaces within its agencies as of 2015 , the first of which (SpaceShop Rapid Prototyping Lab) resides at NASA Ames Research Center . In general, hackerspaces function as centers for peer learning and knowledge sharing , in the form of workshops, presentations, and lectures. They usually also offer social activities for their members, such as game nights and parties. Hackerspaces can be viewed as open community labs incorporating elements of machine shops , workshops , and/or studios where hackers can come together to share resources and knowledge to build and make things. Many hackerspaces participate in

1938-427: The concept of learning by doing and peer-to-peer learning processes as opposed to formal modes of learning; sharing, solidarity and cooperation”. Hackerspaces have also been described as physical manifestations of the peer production principles. Large opportunity gaps in science and engineering ( STEM ) persist for youth growing up in poverty, and in particular for African American and Latino youth, and have become

1995-739: The extent to which they can be easily used, by anybody, as often or as seldom as desired, for the accomplishment of a purpose chosen by the user”. From a justice perspective, the open access is important because many makerspaces are pay-to-play. Examples of community-based making spaces include GET City and Mt Elliot , both in Michigan. Universities around the world have at different rates embraced educational possibilities of these spaces. Makerspaces provide colleges and universities with an inspirational environment where innovative connections between technology and curriculum can be utilized for experiential teaching and learning activities MIT has pioneered

2052-547: The first mayor. At times, there were as many as 7 significant factories operating in the city of Jeannette including some of the most well known in the history of the glass industry. Names like Jeannette Glass; Fort Pitt Glass; the Pittsburgh Lamp, Brass and Glass Company; American-Saint Gobain, Westmoreland Glass ; and others all supplied the country with everything from plate glass windows, to bottles, to milk glass, and much more for many decades. Some estimates over

2109-677: The first public library to open a MakerSpace is the Fayetteville Free Library. In response to the misogyny allegedly shown by the brogrammer culture that sees hackerspaces as "male" spaces, Seattle Attic was founded in the summer of 2013, as the first Feminist Hackerspace in the United States. They were soon followed by Double Union , in San Francisco. Their founding came as a result of The Ada Initiative, and their AdaCamp conferences. Which has also led to

2166-989: The formation of FouFem in Montreal , the Mz Baltazar's Laboratory, a start-up organization and feminist hackspace in Vienna, the Anarchafeminist Hackerhive in San Francisco, the Hacktory in Philadelphia and the Miss Despionas in Tasmania, Australia, and myriad others. Some public schools in the US now also include hackerspaces. The first high school to open a true MakerSpace was in Sebastopol, California , and middle schools followed

2223-695: The general public may buy and sell new and used equipment and supplies. There is a loose, informal tradition at many hackerspaces of welcoming visitors from other similar organizations, whether across town or internationally. Free exchange of ideas, skills, and knowledge are encouraged, especially at periodic gatherings sometimes called "build nights", "open door" or "open house" days. Makerspaces are increasingly being included as learning spaces in schools, learning commons , and other educational facilities. Hackerspaces are widely defined on hackerspaces.org as “community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects”. The exact functioning of

2280-919: The hackerspace occupies provides physical infrastructure that members need to complete their projects. In addition to, most hackerspaces provide electrical power , computer servers , and networking with Internet connectivity. Well-equipped hackerspaces may provide machine tools , sewing , crafting , art fabrication , audio equipment, video projectors , game consoles , electronic instrumentation (such as oscilloscopes and signal generators ), electronic components and raw materials for hacking, and various other tools for electronics fabrication and creating things. Specialized large-format printers , 3D printers , laser cutters , industrial sewing machines , CNC machine , or water jet cutters may be available for members to use. Some hackerspaces provide food storage and food preparation equipment, and may teach courses in basic or advanced cooking. The individual character of

2337-444: The incorporation of participants’ cultural knowledge and practices, a focus on new literacies; and valuing multiple iterations and failing-forward; and 4) Expanding the outcomes of making to include agency, identity, and the after-life of maker projects. Cutting across these areas are specific attention to gender and computer science, indigenous epistemologies and maker activities, and how makerspaces may ground STEM-rich making in

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2394-510: The lived experiences and wisdom of youth of color and their families and communities. One emerging area of studies examines the production of an equitable culture in making, including in-depth longitudinal cases of youth makers in community settings, how youth and community co-design for equitable learning opportunities and outcomes. Hackerspaces can run into difficulties with building codes or other planning regulations, which may not be designed to handle their scope of activities. For example,

2451-557: The maker movement in the US is $ 103,000, with 97% of those who go to Maker Faires having college degrees (and 70% have graduate degrees). Only 11% of the contributions to Make Magazine (the periodical credited with launching the Maker Movement) are female. Thus, as the maker movement has become formalized, the powerful knowledge and practices of communities of color or of low-income communities have not yet become central to its discourse. Emerging research has begun to address how

2508-509: The maker movement might address equity concerns broadly. There is recent research in this area, which is challenging the field to consider new directions in the design of maker spaces, in maker space programming and pedagogies, and in how to make sense of the outcomes of making. These include: 1) Expanding what counts as making; 2) Design of makerspaces that foster an open, flexible and welcoming atmosphere to youth; 3) Maker space programs and pedagogies that support an equitable culture of making,

2565-409: The population. There were 4,630 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and

2622-405: The range of media represented in their spaces to include digital fabrication tools. There are also community-based makerspaces focused on open-access to allow community members to address community-based problems. For example, to share resources and access to critical manufacturing equipment. Makerspaces could also be seen as spaces for the co-production of convivial tools that “foster conviviality to

2679-406: The space varies from place to place and is determined by its members and while there is no blueprint or set of guidelines to create a hackerspace, they generally follow a “hacker ethic”, which “include freedom, in the sense of autonomy as well as of free access and circulation of information; distrust of authority, that is, opposing the traditional, industrial top-down style of organization; embracing

2736-846: The spaces themselves. For more, see: Maker Culture#Criticisms. In 2009, Johannes Grenzfurthner published the much debated pamphlet "Hacking the Spaces", that dealt with exclusionist tendencies in the hackerspaces movement. Grenzfurther extended his critique through lectures at the 2012 and 2014 Hackers on Planet Earth conferences in New York City. Over the years, many hackerspaces have grown significantly in membership, operational budgets, and local media attention. Many have also helped establish other hackerspaces in nearby locations. A lot of places share values similar to those purported by hackspaces, whether or not they use that nomenclature. A few examples follow: Public Libraries have long been

2793-632: The status quo "from within". The first hackerspace in China, Xinchejian , opened in Shanghai in 2010. Thereafter a network of hackerspaces emerged, nourishing an emerging maker culture. By designing open technologies and developing new businesses, Chinese makers make use of the system, make fun of it, altering it and provoking it. DIY makers often bring and align contradictory ideas together, such as copycat and open source, manufacturing and DIY, individual empowerment and collective change. In doing so, they craft

2850-597: The tools required to build hackerspaces within reach of an even wider audience. For example, Bilal Ghalib (who had previously worked on a hackerspace documentary) and others used such tools to bring the hackerspace concept to the Middle East . Worldwide, a large number of hackerspace or makerspace facilities have been founded. Nicole Lou and Katie Peek reported that from 2006 to 2016 the number of active or planned spaces increased to 1,393, fourteen times as many as in 2006. The US federal government has started adopting

2907-573: The trend. For example, White Hill Middle school in Fairfax, California has now opened up their own MakerSpace with a class called "Makers and Hackers". In 2018 Penketh High School became the first school to have a school makerspace in the United Kingdom. "Spark" was designed for students and the community being the first of its kind in the UK. In Shenzhen, China SteamHead makerspace organized

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2964-557: The use and development of free software , open hardware , and alternative media . They are often physically located in infoshops , social centers , adult education centers, public schools, public libraries, or on university campuses , but may relocate to industrial or warehouse space when they need more room. Most recent studies of hackerspace in China—where Internet access is heavily censored—suggest that new businesses and organized tech conferences there serve to intervene in

3021-501: The wife of H. Sellers McKee, a local industrialist who cofounded the Chambers and McKee Glass Works and was a member of the elite South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club of Johnstown Flood fame. Mckee and his partner J.A. Chambers also have the distinction of naming Jeannette's main street, Clay Avenue after their financial backer, Richard W. Clay. On January 1, 1938, Jeannette became a third class city with Attorney John M. OConnell as

3078-565: The years indicate that Jeannette once produced somewhere between 70 and 85% of the world's glass. Unfortunately, Jeannette's glass industry was one of the early United States industry victims of cheap, foreign competition that made it less expensive to produce glass overseas and today only two glass factories remain in the city. Jeannette's manufacturing history doesn't end with the glass industry. Today's Elliott Company represents an evolution dating back to 1914 when William Swan Elliott moved his company to Jeannette. The Elliott Company, owned by

3135-543: Was $ 31,498. The median income for a family was $ 37, 038. Males had a median income of $ 32,413 versus $ 21,702 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,961. About 10.9% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over. In 1943, the city went before the Supreme Court to defend an ordinance that banned distributing religious materials door to door. Several members of

3192-515: Was 9,654 according to the 2010 census . Jeannette is located at 40°19′44″N 79°36′50″W  /  40.32889°N 79.61389°W  / 40.32889; -79.61389 (40.328773, -79.613997). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.39 square miles (6.2 km ), all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,654 people, 4,630 households, and 2,949 families residing in

3249-416: Was yet another key part of the city's significant industrial base. Not only did this factory become a significant supplier of play balls (basketballs, footballs, tennis balls, etc.) and carpet underlay as part of General Tire in its later years; but the original Pennsylvania Rubber Works provided products for Jeeps and gas masks during World War II. Hackerspace A hackerspace (also referred to as

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