81-472: (Redirected from Wh ) WH , W.H. , or wh may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Mr. W.H. , a mysterious dedication in Shakespeare's sonnets Whitney Houston (1963-2012), American singer Language [ edit ] wh (digraph) , in when , etc. Voiceless labio-velar approximant , the sound used for the above when it
162-549: A "sestet" with various rhyme schemes. Wyatt employs the Petrarchan octave, but his most common sestet scheme is cddc ee . Wyatt experimented in stanza forms including the rondeau , epigrams , terza rima , ottava rima songs, and satires, as well as with monorime, triplets with refrains, quatrains with different length of line and rhyme schemes, quatrains with codas, and the French forms of douzaine and treizaine. He introduced
243-621: A Privy Councillor of Henry VII and remained a trusted adviser when Henry VIII ascended the throne in 1509. Thomas followed his father to court after his education at St John's College, Cambridge . Entering the King's service, he was entrusted with many important diplomatic missions. In public life, his principal patron was Thomas Cromwell , after whose death he was recalled from abroad and imprisoned (1541). Though subsequently acquitted and released, shortly thereafter he died. His poems were circulated at court and may have been published anonymously in
324-503: A brother Henry, assumed to have died an infant, and a sister, Margaret who married Sir Anthony Lee (died 1549) and was the mother of Queen Elizabeth's champion, Sir Henry Lee . Wyatt was over six feet tall, reportedly both handsome and physically strong. In 1515, Wyatt entered Henry's service as 'Sewer Extraordinary' and the same year he began studying at St John's College, Cambridge . His father had been associated with Sir Thomas Boleyn as constable of Norwich Castle , and Wyatt
405-771: A continuation of the sonnet tradition that swept through the Renaissance from Petrarch in 14th-century Italy and was finally introduced in 16th-century England by Thomas Wyatt and was given its rhyming metre and division into quatrains by Henry Howard . With few exceptions, Shakespeare's sonnets observe the stylistic form of the English sonnet—the rhyme scheme , the 14 lines, and the metre . But, Shakespeare's sonnets introduce significant departures of content. Instead of expressing worshipful love for an almost goddess-like yet unobtainable female love-object, as Petrarch, Dante , and Philip Sidney had done, Shakespeare introduces
486-501: A fact-based canon of Wyatt’s poems. Later studies by other scholars (Helen Baron, 1989 and 1994, and Jason Powell, 2009) confirm the outlines and tenor of Harrier’s analysis. On the basis of Harrier’s analysis, 101 of the 285 poems included in Rebholz’s edition are demonstrated to be not Wyatt’s work. Harrier's researches establish that another 33 poems from other sources (besides The Egerton Manuscript and Tottel's) can be ascribed to Wyatt on
567-576: A final couplet . The sonnets are composed in iambic pentameter , the metre used in Shakespeare's plays. The rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Sonnets using this scheme are known as Shakespearean sonnets, or English sonnets, or Elizabethan sonnets. Often, at the end of the third quatrain occurs the volta ("turn"), where the mood of the poem shifts, and the poet expresses a turn of thought. The exceptions are sonnets 99 , 126 , and 145 . Number 99 has fifteen lines. Number 126 consists of six couplets, and two blank lines marked with italic brackets; 145
648-591: A former lover who pursued, seduced, and finally abandoned her. She recounts in detail the speech her lover gave to her which seduced her. She concludes her story by conceding that she would fall for the young man's false charms again. As the soule of Euphorbus was thought to live in Pythagoras: so the sweete wittie soule of Ouid liues in mellifluous & hony-tongued Shakespeare, witnes his Venus and Adonis, his Lucrece, his sugred Sonnets among his private friends, &c. In his plays, Shakespeare himself seemed to be
729-432: A mystery. If Shakespeare's patron and friend was Pembroke, Shakespeare was not the only poet who praised his beauty; Francis Davison did in a sonnet that is the preface to Davison's quarto A Poetical Rhapsody (1608), which was published just before Shakespeare's Sonnets . John Davies of Hereford , Samuel Daniel , George Chapman , Christopher Marlowe , and Ben Jonson are also candidates that find support among clues in
810-456: A possessive form in its title, which is followed by its own assertion of the author's name. This time the possessive word, "Lover's", refers to a woman, who becomes the primary "speaker" of the work. "A Lover's Complaint" begins with a young woman weeping at the edge of a river, into which she throws torn-up letters, rings, and other tokens of love. An old man nearby approaches her and asks the reason for her sorrow. She responds by telling him of
891-432: A roar"—presumably Boleyn. Wyatt's grandson George Wyatt included in his Life of Queen Anne Boleigne a story that Thomas Wyatt obtained a jewel belonging to Anne, and that Henry VIII heard of this. The jewel was loose "hanging by a lace out of her pocket", a "tablet" (a kind of locket) which Wyatt took to wear at his neck. Henry VIII recognised the jewel when he played bowls with Wyatt. Anne said that Wyatt had obtained
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#1732793006127972-400: A satiric critic of sonnets—the allusions to them are often scornful. Then he went on to create one of the longest sonnet-sequences of his era, a sequence that took some sharp turns away from the tradition. He may have been inspired out of literary ambition, and a desire to carve new paths apart from the well-worn tradition. Or he may have been inspired by biographical elements in his life. It
1053-502: A sonnet, which serves as proof that they have fallen in love. In All’s Well that Ends Well , a partial sonnet is read, and Bertram comments, "He shall be whipp'd through the army with this rhyme in's forehead." In Henry V , the Dauphin suggests he will compose a sonnet to his horse. The sonnets that Shakespeare satirizes in his plays are sonnets written in the tradition of Petrarch and Sidney, whereas Shakespeare's sonnets published in
1134-595: A surge in critical attention. His poems were found praiseworthy by numerous poets, including Ezra Pound , Marianne Moore , John Berryman , Yvor Winters , Basil Bunting , Louis Zukofsky and George Oppen . C. S. Lewis called him "the father of the Drab Age" (i.e. the unornate), from what he calls the "golden" age of the 16th century. Patricia Thomson describes Wyatt as "the Father of English Poetry". Many have conjectured that Wyatt fell in love with Anne Boleyn in
1215-448: A variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet , Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost . There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III . Shakespeare's sonnets are considered
1296-532: A word or passage has a concrete meaning or an abstract meaning; laying that kind of perplexity in the reader's path for the reader to deal with is an essential part of reading the sonnets—the reader doesn't always benefit from having knots untangled and double-meanings simplified by the experts, according to Hammond. During the eighteenth century, The Sonnets ' reputation in England was relatively low; in 1805, The Critical Review credited John Milton with
1377-465: A young man. He also introduces the Dark Lady . Shakespeare explores themes such as lust, homoeroticism, misogyny, infidelity, and acrimony. The primary source of Shakespeare's sonnets is a quarto published in 1609 titled Shake-speare's Sonnets. It contains 154 sonnets, which are followed by the long poem " A Lover's Complaint ". Thirteen copies of the quarto have survived in fairly good shape. There
1458-430: Is aggressively repudiated by scholars; however, the title of the quarto does seem to encourage that kind of speculation. The first 17 poems, traditionally called the procreation sonnets , are addressed to the young man—urging him to marry and have children in order to immortalize his beauty by passing it to the next generation. Other sonnets express the speaker's love for the young man; brood upon loneliness, death, and
1539-573: Is an album containing Wyatt's personal selection of his poems and translations which preserves 123 texts, partly in his handwriting. Tottel's Miscellany (1557) is the Elizabethan anthology which created Wyatt's posthumous reputation; it ascribes 96 poems to him, 33 not in the Egerton Manuscript. These 156 poems can be ascribed to Wyatt with certainty on the basis of objective evidence. Another 129 poems have been ascribed to him purely on
1620-482: Is evidence in a note on the title page of one of the extant copies that the great Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn bought a copy in June 1609 for one shilling. The sonnets cover such themes as the passage of time, love, infidelity, jealousy, beauty and mortality. The first 126 are addressed to a young man; the last 28 are either addressed to, or refer to, a woman. (Sonnets 138 and 144 had previously been published in
1701-458: Is holy palmers' kiss. ROMEO Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? JULIET Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. ROMEO O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do; They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. JULIET Saints do not move, though grant for prayers' sake. ROMEO Then move not, while my prayer's effect I take. Thomas Wyatt (poet) Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 11 October 1542)
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#17327930061271782-406: Is in iambic tetrameters , not pentameters. In one other variation on the standard structure, found for example in sonnet 29 , the rhyme scheme is changed by repeating the second (B) rhyme of quatrain one as the second (F) rhyme of quatrain three. Apart from rhyme, and considering only the arrangement of ideas, and the placement of the volta, a number of sonnets maintain the two-part organization of
1863-403: Is not written in the sonnet form, but is composed of 47 seven-line stanzas written in rhyme royal . It is an example of a normal feature of the two-part poetic form, in which the first part expresses the male point of view, and the second part contrasts or complements the first part with the female's point of view. The first part of the quarto, the 154 sonnets, considers frustrated male desire, and
1944-428: Is pronounced differently from w Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩ wh -word , a name for an interrogative word such as where and when wh -movement , a syntactic phenomenon involving such words wh -question , a question formed using such words Places [ edit ] County Westmeath , Ireland, vehicle registration code The White House , United States, official residence and workplace of
2025-465: Is said. Soon the speaker rebukes her for enslaving his fair friend (sonnet 133). He can't abide the triangular relationship, and it ends with him rejecting her. As with the Fair Youth, there have been many attempts to identify her with a real historical individual. Lucy Negro, Mary Fitton , Emilia Lanier , Elizabeth Wriothesley , and others have been suggested. The Rival Poet's identity remains
2106-414: Is thought that the biographical aspects have been over-explored and over-speculated on, especially in the face of a paucity of evidence. The critical focus has turned instead (through New Criticism and by scholars such as Stephen Booth and Helen Vendler) to the text itself, which is studied and appreciated linguistically as a "highly complex structure of language and ideas". Besides the biographic and
2187-440: Is unknown. George Eld printed the quarto, and the run was divided between the booksellers William Aspley and John Wright . Shakespeare's Sonnets include a dedication to "Mr. W.H.": TO.THE.ONLIE.BEGETTER.OF. THESE.INSUING.SONNETS. Mr.W.H. ALL.HAPPINESSE. AND.THAT.ETERNITIE. PROMISED. BY. OUR.EVER-LIVING.POET. WISHETH. THE.WELL-WISHING. ADVENTURER.IN. SETTING. FORTH. The upper case letters and
2268-638: The First Folio . Thorpe would have been unlikely to have addressed a lord as "Mr", but there may be an explanation, perhaps that form of address came from the author, who wanted to refer to Herbert at an earlier time—when Herbert was a "younger man". There is a later dedication to Herbert in another quarto of verse, Ben Jonson's Epigrammes (1616), in which the text of Jonson's dedication begins, "MY LORD, While you cannot change your merit, I dare not change your title … " Jonson's emphasis on Pembroke's title, and his comment, seem to be chiding someone else who had
2349-549: The poulter's measure form, rhyming couplets composed of a 12-syllable iambic line ( Alexandrine ) followed by a 14-syllable iambic line ( fourteener ), and he is considered a master of the iambic tetrameter . Wyatt's poetry reflects classical and Italian models, but he also admired the work of Geoffrey Chaucer , and his vocabulary reflects that of Chaucer; for example, he uses Chaucer's word newfangleness , meaning fickleness, in They Flee from Me . Many of his poems deal with
2430-559: The 154 sonnets published in the 1609, because they may lack the deep introspection, for example, and they are written to serve the needs of a performance, exposition or narrative. In Shakespeare's early comedies, the sonnets and sonnet-making of his characters are often objects of satire. In Two Gentlemen of Verona , sonnet-writing is portrayed cynically as a seduction technique. In Love's Labour's Lost , sonnets are portrayed as evidence that love can render men weak and foolish. In Much Ado About Nothing , Beatrice and Benedick each write
2511-516: The 1599 miscellany The Passionate Pilgrim .) The title of the quarto, Shake-speare's Sonnets , is consistent with the entry in the Stationers' Register . The title appears in upper case lettering on the title page, where it is followed by the phrase "Neuer before Imprinted". The title also appears every time the quarto is opened. That the author's name in a possessive form is part of the title sets it apart from all other sonnet collections of
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2592-496: The 1969 edition by Kenneth Muir and Patricia Thomson. This was the third edition of Wyatt issued by Muir (the first in 1949, the second in 1963), to each of which he added scores of poems derived principally from the several hundred anonymous poems included in the Devonshire Manuscript and then the newly discovered Blage Manuscript – poems ascribed to Wyatt on no other basis than Muir’s own judgment or whim. Already in
2673-463: The Dark Lady. The speaker expresses admiration for the Fair Youth's beauty, and—if reading the sonnets in chronological order as published—later has an affair with the Dark Lady, then so does the Fair Youth. Current linguistic analysis and historical evidence suggests, however, that the sonnets to the Dark Lady were composed first (around 1591–95), the procreation sonnets next, and the later sonnets to
2754-481: The Fair Youth last (1597–1603). It is not known whether the poems and their characters are fiction or autobiographical; scholars who find the sonnets to be autobiographical have attempted to identify the characters with historical individuals. The "Fair Youth" is the unnamed young man addressed by the devoted poet in the greatest sequence of the sonnets ( 1 – 126 ). The young man is handsome, self-centred, universally admired and much sought after. The sequence begins with
2835-519: The Italian sonnet. In that case the term "octave" and "sestet" are commonly used to refer to the sonnet's first eight lines followed by the remaining six lines. There are other line-groupings as well, as Shakespeare finds inventive ways with the content of the fourteen-line poems. When analysed as characters, the subjects of the sonnets are usually referred to as the Fair Youth, the Rival Poet, and
2916-535: The Sonnets are the fall of Essex and then the gunpowder plotters' executions in 1606, which puts Southampton at the age of 33, and then 39 when the sonnets were published, when he would be past the age when he would be referred to as a "lovely boy" or "fair youth". Authors such as Thomas Tyrwhitt and Oscar Wilde proposed that the Fair Youth was William Hughes, a seductive young actor who played female roles in Shakespeare's plays. Particularly, Wilde claimed that he
2997-464: The Tower, he may have witnessed Anne Boleyn's execution (which took place on 19 May 1536) from his cell window, as well as the executions of the five men with whom she was accused of adultery; he wrote a poem which might have been inspired by that experience. Around 1537, Elizabeth Darrell was Thomas's mistress, a former maid of honour to Catherine of Aragon . She bore Wyatt three sons. By 1540, he
3078-439: The anthology The Court of Venus (earliest edition c. 1537) during his lifetime, but were not published under his name until after his death; the first major book to feature and attribute his verse was Tottel's Miscellany (1557), printed 15 years after his death. Thomas Wyatt was born at Allington , Kent, in 1503, the son of Sir Henry Wyatt and Anne Skinner, the daughter of John Skinner of Reigate , Surrey. He had
3159-553: The audacity to use the wrong title, as perhaps is the case in Shakespeare's dedication. Henry Wriothesley (the Earl of Southampton ), with initials reversed, has received a great deal of consideration as a likely possibility. He was the dedicatee of Shakespeare's poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece . Southampton was also known for his good looks. Other suggestions include: The sonnets are almost all constructed using three quatrains (four-line stanzas ) followed by
3240-475: The author was out of the country or dead, which suggests that Shakespeare was not in London during the last stage of printing. However, Thorpe's entire corpus of such consists of only four dedications and three prefaces. It has been suggested that Thorpe signing the dedication, rather than the author, might indicate that Thorpe published the work without obtaining Shakespeare's permission. Though Thorpe's taking on
3321-516: The basis of solid documentary evidence and plausible editorial judgment. A new edition of Wyatt’s poetry reflecting these established facts is needed. Critical opinions have varied widely regarding Wyatt's work. Eighteenth-century critic Thomas Warton considered Wyatt "confessedly an inferior" to his contemporary Henry Howard , and felt that Wyatt's "genius was of the moral and didactic species" but deemed him "the first polished English satirist". The 20th century saw an awakening in his popularity and
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3402-574: The basis of subjective editorial judgment. They are mostly derived from the Devonshire Manuscript Collection and the Blage manuscript. Rebholz comments in his preface to Sir Thomas Wyatt, The Complete Poems , "The problem of determining which poems Wyatt wrote is as yet unsolved". However, a solution was already at hand and is now in place. Rebholz adopted the canon of 285 poems ascribed to Wyatt in his edition wholesale from
3483-416: The dedication may be explained by the great demands of business and travel that Shakespeare was facing at this time, which may have caused him to deal with the printing production in haste before rushing out of town. After all, May 1609 was an extraordinary time: That month saw a serious outbreak of the plague, which shut down the theatres, and also caused many to flee London. Plus Shakespeare's theatre company
3564-493: The early 1970s Joost Daalder produced an edition (Oxford 1975) which attempts and partly succeeds in renovating the Wyatt canon to accord with documentary facts, and also in that year Richard Harrier published his magisterial philological study of the manuscript evidence, The Canon of Sir Thomas Wyatt’s Poetry (Harvard University Press 1975). On the basis of a meticulous scientific study of the documentary evidence Harrier establishes
3645-516: The early- to mid-1520s. Their acquaintance is certain, but it is not certain whether the two shared a romantic relationship. George Gilfillan implies that Wyatt and Boleyn were romantically involved. In his verse, Wyatt calls his mistress Anna and might allude to events in her life: And now I follow the coals that be quent, From Dover to Calais against my mind Gilfillan argues that these lines could refer to Anne's trip to France in 1532 prior to her marriage to Henry VIII and could imply that Wyatt
3726-413: The end of the play Henry V is written in the form of a sonnet ("Thus far with rough, and all-unable pen…"). Formal epilogues were established as a theatrical tradition, and occur in 13 of Shakespeare's plays. In Henry V , the character of Chorus, who has addressed the audience a few times during the play, speaks the wide-ranging epilogue/sonnet. It begins by allowing that the play may not have presented
3807-570: The execution of Catherine Howard, there were rumours that Wyatt's wife Elizabeth was a possibility to become Henry VIII's next wife despite the fact that she was still married to Wyatt. He became ill not long after and died on 11 October 1542 around age 39. He is buried in Sherborne Abbey . Long after Wyatt's death, his only legitimate son Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger led a thwarted rebellion against Henry's daughter Mary I , for which he
3888-409: The fair youth (sonnet 152). The identity of the Fair Youth has been the subject of speculation among scholars. One popular theory is that he was Henry Wriothesley , the 3rd Earl of Southampton; this is based in part on the idea that his physical features, age, and personality might fairly match the young man in the sonnets. He was both an admirer and patron of Shakespeare and was considered one of
3969-444: The first in English. Ten of them were translations from Petrarch, while all were written in the Petrarchan form, apart from the couplet ending which Wyatt introduced. Serious and reflective in tone, the sonnets show some stiffness of construction and a metrical uncertainty indicative of the difficulty Wyatt found in the new form. Yet their conciseness represents a great advance on the prolixity and uncouthness of much earlier poetry. Wyatt
4050-454: The jewel without her permission. However, the details of the story seem incompatible with courtly behaviour and are unconvincing. In May 1536, Wyatt was imprisoned in the Tower of London for allegedly committing adultery with Anne Boleyn. He was released later that year thanks to his friendship or his father's friendship with Thomas Cromwell , and he returned to his duties. During his stay in
4131-489: The last lines of which contain Lucrece's complaint. Other examples are found in the works of Michael Drayton , Thomas Lodge , Richard Barnfield , and others. The young man of the sonnets and the young man of "A Lover's Complaint" provide a thematic link between the two parts. In each part the young man is handsome, wealthy and promiscuous, unreliable and admired by all. Like the sonnets, " A Lover's Complaint " also has
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#17327930061274212-501: The latter's lifetime. Wyatt was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Kent in December 1541. In 1520, Wyatt married Elizabeth Brooke (1503–1560). A year later, they had a son Thomas (1521–1554) who led Wyatt's rebellion some 12 years after his father's death. In 1524, Henry VIII assigned Wyatt to be an ambassador at home and abroad, and he separated from his wife soon after on grounds of adultery. Wyatt's professed object
4293-504: The linguistic approaches, another way of considering Shakespeare's sonnets is in the context of the culture and literature that surrounds them. Gerald Hammond, in his book The Reader and the Young Man Sonnets , suggests that the non-expert reader, who is thoughtful and engaged, does not need that much help in understanding the sonnets: though, he states, the reader may often feel mystified when trying to decide, for example, if
4374-419: The meter. After Berowne is caught breaking his vow, and exposed by the sonnet he composed, he passionately renounces speech that is affected, and vows to prefer plain country speech. Ironically, when proclaiming this he demonstrates that he can't seem to avoid rich courtly language, and his speech happens to fall into the meter and rhyme of a sonnet. ("O, never will I trust to speeches penned…") The epilogue at
4455-435: The most prominent nobles of the period. It is also noted that Shakespeare's 1593 poem Venus and Adonis is dedicated to Southampton and, in that poem a young man, Adonis, is encouraged by the goddess of love, Venus, to beget a child, which is a theme in the sonnets. Here are the verses from Venus and Adonis : A problem with identifying the fair youth with Southampton is that the most certainly datable events referred to in
4536-518: The perfection of the English sonnet. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Shakespeare and Milton seemed to be on an equal footing, but critics, burdened by an over-emphasis on biographical explorations, continued to contend with each other for decades on this point. Like all Shakespeare's works, Shakespeare's Sonnets have been reprinted many times. Prominent editions include: There are sonnets written by Shakespeare that occur in his plays, and these include his earliest sonnets. They differ from
4617-461: The poet urging the young man to marry and father children (sonnets 1–17). It continues with the friendship developing with the poet's loving admiration, which at times is homoerotic in nature. Then comes a set of betrayals by the young man, as he is seduced by the Dark Lady, and they maintain a liaison (sonnets 133, 134 & 144), all of which the poet struggles to abide. It concludes with the poet's own act of betrayal, resulting in his independence from
4698-534: The president of the United States, also a metonym for the president and/or his/her/their office Other uses [ edit ] Watt-hour , a unit of energy China Northwest Airlines , IATA airline code Wardlaw-Hartridge School , W-H Wyndham Hotels & Resorts , NYSE stock symbol WH Group , Chinese meat and food processing company Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
4779-512: The prologue to the second act ("Now old desire doth in his death-bed lie…"), and set in the form of dialogue at the moment when Romeo and Juliet meet: ROMEO If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. JULIET Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, Which mannerly devotion shows in this; For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch, And palm to palm
4860-409: The quarto of 1609 take a radical turn away from that older style, and have none of the lovelorn qualities that are mocked in the plays. The sonnets published in 1609 seem to be rebelling against the tradition. In the play Love's Labour's Lost , the King and his three lords have all vowed to live like monks, to study, to give up worldly things, and to see no women. All of them break the last part of
4941-455: The queen. He was knighted in 1535 and appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1536. At this time, he was sent to Spain as ambassador to Charles V, who was offended by the declaration of Princess Mary 's illegitimacy ; he was her cousin and they had once been briefly betrothed. Although Wyatt was unsuccessful in his endeavours, and was accused of disloyalty by some of his colleagues, he was protected by his relationship with Cromwell, at least during
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#17327930061275022-497: The second part, "A Lover's Complaint", expresses the misery of a woman victimized by male desire. The earliest Elizabethan example of this two-part structure is Samuel Daniel's Delia ... with the Complaint of Rosamund (1592)—a sonnet sequence that tells the story of a woman being threatened by a man of higher rank, followed by the woman's complaint. This was imitated by other poets, including Shakespeare with his Rape of Lucrece ,
5103-428: The sonnets. It may be that the Rival Poet is a composite of several poets through which Shakespeare explores his sense of being threatened by competing poets. The speaker sees the Rival Poet as competition for fame and patronage. The sonnets most commonly identified as the Rival Poet group exist within the Fair Youth sequence in sonnets 78 – 86 . "A Lover's Complaint" is part two of the quarto published in 1609. It
5184-546: The speaker of the sonnets, the poet, are in a sexual relationship. She is not aristocratic, young, beautiful, intelligent or chaste. Her complexion is muddy, her breath "reeks", and she is ungainly when she walks. The relationship strongly parallels Touchstone's pursuit of Audrey in As You Like It . The Dark Lady presents an adequate receptor for male desire. She is celebrated in cocky terms that would be offensive to her, not that she would be able to read or understand what
5265-528: The stops that follow each word of the dedication were probably intended to resemble an ancient Roman lapidary inscription or monumental brass , perhaps accentuating the declaration in Sonnet 55 that the work would confer immortality to the subjects of the work: Not marble, nor the gilded monuments Of princes shall outlive this pow'rful rhyme The initials "T.T." are taken to refer to the publisher, Thomas Thorpe. Thorpe usually signed prefatory matter only if
5346-611: The story in its full glory. It points out that the next king would be Henry VI, who was an infant when he succeeded Henry V, and who "lost France, and made his England bleed/ Which oft our stage hath shown." It refers to the three parts of Henry VI and to Richard III — connecting the Lancastrian and the Yorkist cycles. Three sonnets are found in Romeo and Juliet : The prologue to the play ("Two households, both alike in dignity…"),
5427-412: The subject of a great amount of speculation: That he was the author's patron, that he was both patron and the "faire youth" who is addressed in the sonnets, that the "faire youth" is based on Mr. W.H. in some sonnets but not others, and a number of other ideas. William Herbert , the Earl of Pembroke , is seen as perhaps the most likely identity of Mr. W.H. and the "young man". He was the dedicatee of
5508-449: The time, except for one— Sir Philip Sidney's posthumous 1591 publication that is titled, Syr. P.S. his Astrophel and Stella , which is considered one of Shakespeare's most important models. Sidney's title may have inspired Shakespeare, particularly if the "W.H." of Shakespeare's dedication is Sidney's nephew and heir, William Herbert . The idea that the persona referred to as the speaker of Shakespeare's sonnets might be Shakespeare himself,
5589-487: The title WH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WH&oldid=1246470501 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mr. W.H. William Shakespeare (1564–1616) wrote sonnets on
5670-528: The transience of life; seem to criticise the young man for preferring a rival poet; express ambiguous feelings for the speaker's mistress ; and pun on the poet's name. The final two sonnets are allegorical treatments of Greek epigrams referring to the "little love-god" Cupid . The publisher, Thomas Thorpe , entered the book in the Stationers' Register on 20 May 1609: Whether Thorpe used an authorised manuscript from Shakespeare or an unauthorised copy
5751-473: The trials of romantic love and the devotion of the suitor to an unavailable or cruel mistress. Other poems are scathing, satirical indictments of the hypocrisies and pandering required of courtiers who are ambitious to advance at the Tudor court. Wyatt's poems are short but fairly numerous. His 96 love poems appeared posthumously (1557) in a compendium called Tottel's Miscellany . The noteworthy are 31 sonnets,
5832-482: The vow by falling in love. The lord Longaville expresses his love in a sonnet ("Did not the heavenly rhetoric of thine eye…"), and the lord Berowne does, too—a hexameter sonnet ("If love make me forsworn, how shall I swear to love?")–a form Sidney uses in six of the sonnets in Astrophel and Stella (Numbers 1, 6, 8, 76, and 102). These sonnets contain comic imperfections, including awkward phrasing, and problems with
5913-586: Was a 16th-century English politician, ambassador, and lyric poet credited with introducing the sonnet to English literature. He was born at Allington Castle near Maidstone in Kent, though the family was originally from Yorkshire . His family adopted the Lancastrian side in the Wars of the Roses. His mother was Anne Skinner, and his father Henry , who had earlier been imprisoned and tortured by Richard III , had been
5994-414: Was again in the king's favour, as he was granted the site and many of the manorial estates of the dissolved Boxley Abbey . However, he was charged once more with treason in 1541; the charges were again lifted, but only thanks to the intervention of Queen Catherine Howard and on the condition of reconciling with his wife. He was granted a full pardon and restored once again to his duties as ambassador. After
6075-445: Was also responsible for the important introduction of the personal note into English poetry, for although he followed his models closely, he wrote of his own experiences. His epigrams, songs, and rondeaux are lighter than the sonnets, and they reveal the care and the elegance typical of the new romanticism. His satires are composed in the Italian terza rima, again showing the direction of the innovating tendencies. The Egerton Manuscript
6156-453: Was captured by the armies of Emperor Charles V when they captured Rome and imprisoned the pope in 1527, but he managed to escape and make it back to England. From 1528 to 1530, Wyatt acted as high marshal at Calais . In the years following he continued in Henry's service; he was, however, imprisoned in the Tower of London for a month in 1536, perhaps because Henry hoped he would incriminate
6237-465: Was on tour from Ipswich to Oxford. In addition, Shakespeare had been away from Stratford and in the same month, May, was being called on to tend to family and business there, and deal with the litigation of a lawsuit in Warwickshire that involved a substantial amount of money. The identity of Mr. W.H., "the only begetter of Shakespeare's Sonnets ", is not known for certain. His identity has been
6318-526: Was present, although his name is not included among those who accompanied the royal party to France. Wyatt's sonnet "Whoso List To Hunt" may also allude to Anne's relationship with the King: Graven in diamonds with letters plain, There is written her fair neck round about, "Noli me tangere [Do not touch me], for Caesar's I am". In still plainer terms, Wyatt's late sonnet "If waker care" describes his first "love" for "Brunette that set our country in
6399-459: Was the Mr. W.H. referred to in the dedication attached to the manuscript of the Sonnets. The Dark Lady sequence (sonnets 127–152) is the most defiant of the sonnet tradition. The sequence distinguishes itself from the Fair Youth sequence with its overt sexuality ( Sonnet 151 ). The Dark Lady is so called because she has black hair and "dun" skin. The Dark Lady suddenly appears (Sonnet 127), and she and
6480-472: Was thus acquainted with Anne Boleyn. Following a diplomatic mission to Spain, in 1526, he accompanied Sir John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford , to Rome to help petition Pope Clement VII to annul Henry VIII 's marriage to Catherine of Aragon , in hopes of freeing him to marry Anne Boleyn . Russell being incapacitated, Wyatt was also sent to negotiate with the Republic of Venice . According to some, Wyatt
6561-680: Was to experiment with the English language, to civilise it, to raise its powers to equal those of other European languages. His poetry may be considered as a part of the Petrarchism movement within Renaissance literature . A significant amount of his literary output consists of translations and imitations of sonnets by Italian poet Petrarch ; he also wrote sonnets of his own. He took subject matter from Petrarch's sonnets, but his rhyme schemes are significantly different. Petrarch's sonnets consist of an " octave " rhyming abba abba , followed by
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