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25-492: White Pine or White Pines may refer to: Trees [ edit ] Trees in the pine subgenus Pinus subgenus Strobus [ edit ] Eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus ), one of these species, native to northeastern North America Western white pine ( Pinus monticola ), another of these species, native to northwestern North America Limber pine ( Pinus flexilis ), another of these species from western North America,

50-454: A greater emphasis on experiments. There are more frequent discontinuities present in paleontology than in neontology, because paleontology involves extinct taxa. Neontology has organisms actually present and available to sample and perform research on. Neontology's research method uses cladistics to examine morphologies and genetics . Neontology data has more emphasis on genetic data and the population structure than paleontology does. When

75-553: A larger amount of resin than the haploxylon pines. The current division into two subgenera ( Pinus and Strobus ) is supported with rigorous genetic evidence. Several features are used to distinguish the subgenera, sections, and subsections of pines: the number of leaves (needles) per fascicle , whether the fascicle sheaths are deciduous or persistent , the number of fibrovascular bundles per needle (2 in Pinus or 1 in Strobus ),

100-491: A name to contrast ourselves with all you folks who study modern organisms in human or ecological time . You therefore become neontologists. We do recognize the unbalanced and parochial nature of this dichotomous division. Neontological evolutionary biology has a temporal perspective between 100 and 1000 years. Neontology's fundamental basis relies on models of natural selection as well as speciation . Neontology's methods, when compared to evolutionary paleontology , have

125-610: A podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand Places [ edit ] United States [ edit ] White Pines, California White Pine, Michigan White Pine, Tennessee White Pine County, Nevada White Pine Haven, Wisconsin White Pine Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota White Pine, West Virginia White Pine Creek , a stream in Idaho Other uses [ edit ] White Pine Music ,

150-539: A record label Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title White Pine . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Pine&oldid=1118755955 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Plant common name disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

175-537: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pinus classification#Subgenus Strobus Pinus , the pines , is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera : subgenus Pinus ( hard pines ), and subgenus Strobus ( soft pines ). Each of the subgenera have been further divided into sections based on chloroplast DNA sequencing and whole plastid genomic analysis. Older classifications split

200-450: Is named after P. pinaster . Section Trifoliae (American hard pines), despite its name (which means "three-leaved"), has two to five needles per fascicle, or rarely eight. The cones of most species open at maturity, but a few are serotinous . All but two American hard pines belong to this section. Phylogenetic analysis supports ancient divergences within this section, with subsections Australes and Ponderosae having diverged during

225-908: Is native to Central America , Mexico , the western United States , and southwestern Canada , although its former range was possibly much wider as evidenced by upper Miocene fossils belonging to this subsection found in Japan Subgenus Strobus includes the white and soft pines. Pines in this subgenus have one to five needles per fascicle and one fibrovascular bundle per needle, and the fascicle sheaths are deciduous , except in P. nelsonii , where they are persistent. Cone scales are thinner and more flexible than those of subgenus Pinus , except in some species like P. maximartinezii , and cones usually open soon after they mature. Section Parrya has one to five needles per fascicle. The seeds either have articulate (jointed) wings or no wings at all. In all species except for P. nelsonii ,

250-656: Is native to East Asia. It has three or five needles per fascicle. Subsection Krempfianae is currently native to Vietnam, with a fossil record extending into the Oligocene. It has two needles per fascicle, and they are atypically flattened. The cone scales are thick and have no prickles. Until 2021, the subsection was considered monotypic, when an Oligocene fossil species was described from Yunnan Province, China. Subsection Strobus has five needles per fascicle and thin cone scales with no prickles. Needles tend to be flexible and soft with slightly lighter side underneath. It

275-457: Is native to North and Central America, Europe, and Asia. Species which are not placed in a subgenus at this time. Neontology A taxon can be classified as extinct if it is broadly agreed or certified that no members of the group are still alive. Conversely, an extinct taxon can be reclassified as extant if there are new discoveries of living species (" Lazarus species "), or if previously known extant species are reclassified as members of

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300-646: Is native to northeastern Mexico. It consists of the single species with persistent fascicle sheaths. Section Quinquefoliae (white pines), as its name (which means "five-leaved") suggests, has five needles per fascicle except for P. krempfii , which has two, and P. gerardiana and P. bungeana , which have three. All species have cones with thin or thick scales that open at maturity or do not open at all; none are serotinous. Species in this section are found in Eurasia and North America, and one species, P. chiapensis reaches Guatemala. Subsection Gerardianae

325-675: The Mediterranean , except for P. resinosa in northeastern North America and P. tropicalis in western Cuba . Subsection Incertae sedis All but two species ( P. resinosa and P. tropicalis ) in Subsection Pinus are native to Eurasia. Subsection Pinaster contains species native to the Mediterranean, as well as P. roxburghii from the Himalayas . The scales of its cones lack spines. It

350-431: The fascicle sheaths curl back to form a rosette before falling away. The cones have thick scales and release the seeds at maturity. This section is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. Subsection Balfourianae (bristlecone pines) is native to southwest United States . Subsection Cembroides (pinyons or piñons) is native to Mexico and the southwestern United States . Subsection Nelsonianae

375-709: The genus into three subgenera – subgenus Pinus , subgenus Strobus , and subgenus Ducampopinus ( pinyon , bristlecone and lacebark pines) – based on cone, seed and leaf characteristics. DNA phylogeny has shown that species formerly in subgenus Ducampopinus are members of subgenus Strobus , so Ducampopinus is no longer used. Subsection Ponderosae Subsection Contortae Subsection Australes Subsection Pinus Subsection Pinaster Subsection Gerardianae Subsection Krempfianae Subsection Strobus Subsection Nelsonianae Subsection Balfourianae Subsection Cembroides The species of subgenus Ducampopinus were regarded as intermediate between

400-470: The mid- Cretaceous . Subsection Australes is native to North and Central America and islands in the Caribbean . The closed-cone (serotinous) species of California and Baja California, P. attenuata , P. muricata , and P. radiata , are sometimes placed in a separate subsection, Attenuatae . Subsection Contortae is native to North America and Mexico. Subsection Ponderosae

425-545: The other great apes . If the concept of an ape-man were based on neontology, then our phenotype would resemble Bigfoot . Since the concept was based on paleontology, the idea of an ape-man could possibly be represented by the fossil hominids. Neontology studies extant (living) taxa and recently extinct taxa, but declaring a taxon to be definitively extinct is difficult. Taxa that have previously been declared extinct may reappear over time. Species that were once considered extinct and then reappear unscathed are characterized by

450-809: The other two subgenera. In the modern classification, they are placed into subgenus Strobus , yet they did not fit entirely well in either so they were classified in a third subgenus. In 1888 the Californian botanist John Gill Lemmon placed them in subgenus Pinus . In general, this classification emphasized cone, cone scale, seed, and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology, and species in each subsection were usually recognizable by their general appearance. Pines with one fibrovascular bundle per leaf, (the former subgenera Strobus and Ducampopinus ) were known as haploxylon pines , while pines with two fibrovascular bundles per leaf, (subgenus Pinus ) were called diploxylon pines . Diploxylon pines tend to have harder timber and

475-429: The position of the resin ducts in the needles (internal or external), the presence or shape of the seed wings (absent, rudimentary, articulate, and adnate), and the position of the umbo (dorsal or terminal) and presence of a prickle on the scales of the seed cones . Both subgenera are thought to have a very ancient divergence from one another, having diverged during the late Jurassic . Subgenus Pinus includes

500-524: The scientific community accepted the synthetic theory of evolution , taxonomies became phylogenetic . As a result, information gaps arose within the fossil record of species, especially in Homo sapiens . The anthropologists who accepted the synthetic theory reject the idea of an "ape-man" because the concept had mistaken paleontology with neontology. An ape-man, in actuality, would be a primate with traits that would represent anything in between humans and

525-404: The taxon. Most biologists, zoologists , and botanists are in practice neontologists, and the term neontologist is used largely by paleontologists referring to non- paleontologists . Stephen Jay Gould said of neontology: All professions maintain their parochialisms , and I trust that nonpaleontological readers will forgive our major manifestation . We are paleontologists, so we need

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550-571: The term "the Lazarus effect", or are also called a Lazarus species . For example, a study determined that 36% of supposed mammalian extinction had been proven, while the other 64% had insufficient evidence to be declared extinct or had been rediscovered. Currently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers a taxon to be recently extinct if the extinction occurred after 1500 C.E. A recently considered extinct mammal

575-583: The yellow and hard pines. Pines in this subgenus have one to five needles per fascicle and two fibrovascular bundles per needle, and the fascicle sheaths are persistent , except in P. leiophylla and P. lumholtzii . Cone scales are thicker and more rigid than those of subgenus Strobus , and cones either open soon after they mature or are serotinous . Section Pinus has two or three needles per fascicle. Cones of all species have thick scales, and all except those of P. pinea open at maturity. Species in this section are native to Europe , Asia , and

600-478: Was also sometimes known as White Pine Chinese white pine ( Pinus armandii ), a species native to China Japanese white pine ( Pinus parviflora ), a species native to Japan Vietnamese white pine ( Pinus dalatensis ), a species native to Vietnam and Laos Pinus albicaulis , of subsection Cembra (the stone pines), native to western North America Other coniferous trees called White Pine [ edit ] Kahikatea ( Dacrycarpus dacrydioides ),

625-566: Was the Bouvier's red colobus monkey, who was considered extinct up until 2015 when it was rediscovered after 40 years with no recorded sightings. Neontology's fundamental theories rely on biological models of natural selection and speciation that connect genes, the unit of heredity with the mechanism of evolution by natural selection. For example, researchers utilized neontological and paleontological datasets to study nonhuman primate dentition compared with human dentition. In order to understand

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