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42-630: Whitehall Street is a street in the South Ferry / Financial District neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City , near the southern tip of Manhattan Island. The street begins at Bowling Green to the north, where it is a continuation of the southern end of Broadway . Whitehall Street stretches four blocks to the southern end of FDR Drive , adjacent to the Staten Island Ferry 's Whitehall Terminal , on landfill beyond

84-558: A block north at the southern edge of Bowling Green. Near that location, on the site of modern-day 2 Broadway , Whitehall Street and Broadway formerly intersected with Marketfield Street . That intersection was eliminated in 1880 for the construction of the New York Produce Exchange . Whitehall Street carries southbound traffic two blocks from Stone Street, intersecting with Bridge Street and Pearl Street . These two blocks of Whitehall Street are preserved as part of

126-476: A map of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam from 1660, carved in stone. 2 Broadway was the site of the New York Produce Exchange . The exchange's structure, designed by George B. Post and completed in 1884, was the first building in the world to combine wrought iron and masonry in its structural construction. It was demolished in 1957 to make way for 2 Broadway. The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House

168-595: A patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens . There is an active passenger ferry terminal at the southern tip of Whitehall Street: the Whitehall Terminal , which serves the Staten Island Ferry . However, its facilities in use have shifted over the decade, as have the destinations served. The original Whitehall Terminal served Brooklyn , Governors Island , Staten Island , and Jersey City, New Jersey , and it contained connections to

210-615: Is located on Whitehall Street. Entrances are located at the northern and southern ends of the street (at Stone Street and the Staten Island Ferry terminal, respectively). The Bowling Green subway station ( 4 and ​ 5 trains), just north of the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, is also on Whitehall Street. The small segment from South to State/Water Streets, where the M15 SBS intersects,

252-554: Is one of New York City's oldest streets, having been built by c.  1626 , shortly after the Dutch West India Company established New Amsterdam . During the Dutch colonial era, part of the street was known as Markvelt or Marckvelt, though the name seems to have only applied to the northern portion. Another part of Whitehall Street was also known as Beurs Straat, while the block from Pearl to State Streets

294-534: Is ran by the uptown M15 , M20 and M55 (downtown buses use Broad Street). The former military induction center at 39 Whitehall Street was featured in Arlo Guthrie 's " Alice's Restaurant ". 40°42′10.2″N 74°00′46.9″W  /  40.702833°N 74.013028°W  / 40.702833; -74.013028 South Ferry (Manhattan) The name "South Ferry" derives from a more southerly route of service than previous ferry lines between what were then

336-677: The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House and 2 Broadway at its northern end. The street has entrances to the New York City Subway 's Whitehall Street–South Ferry station at both its ends, as well as the Staten Island Ferry terminal and Battery Maritime Building at its southern end. The northern end of Whitehall Street is commonly cited as being at Stone Street , just south of Bowling Green , where southbound traffic from Broadway continues onto Whitehall Street. According to street signs, Whitehall Street begins half

378-871: The Atlantic Branch of the Long Island Rail Road ) through the Cobble Hill Tunnel . "South Ferry" was also the name of the Brooklyn landing and ferry house . In the 20th and early 21st centuries, the Brooklyn landing site served cargo as Brooklyn Piers 5 and 6, now part of Brooklyn Bridge Park The Fulton Ferry Company, which then operated only the Fulton Ferry, merged with the South Ferry Company in 1839 to form

420-542: The City of Brooklyn grew, the area south of Atlantic Avenue, known as South Brooklyn , began to become developed, but the area lacked easy access to the ferry terminals in the northern parts of that city. Calls for a new ferry on a more southerly route were first brought up before the New York City Council in 1825, the proposal being commonly known as the "New South Ferry" since 1826, but progress stalled until

462-781: The Custom House for the Port of New York . Since 1994, it has housed the George Gustav Heye Center of the National Museum of the American Indian . The building is a New York City designated landmark and a National Historic Landmark . The Army Building at 39 Whitehall Street, between Pearl and Water Streets, was used as offices, a military recruiting center, and an Armed Forces Examination and Entrance Station (i.e. induction center) from 1884 until

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504-585: The Interborough Rapid Transit Company 's elevated train lines at South Ferry station . Furthermore, the terminal once served vehicular traffic. The subways have replaced the els, and cars now use fixed crossings such as the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel . The structure was renovated in the 1950s and reopened in 1956. It was destroyed by fire in 1991. It was renovated from 2000 to 2005. The Battery Maritime Building , housing

546-653: The New Amsterdam street grid, a New York City designated landmark . South of Pearl Street, Whitehall Street continues for another two blocks, carrying northbound traffic. The street intersects with State Street /Water Street before terminating at the FDR Drive . The southernmost block, adjacent to the Whitehall Ferry Terminal , provides access from FDR Drive to the Battery . Whitehall Street

588-650: The New York and Brooklyn Union Ferry Company . South Ferry is served by several New York City Subway stations. Also serving the ferry terminal directly is the M15 Select Bus Service route via a bus loop directly at the front door of the terminal. The M15 , M20 and M55 local routes stop on nearby streets. Starting in 1877, South Ferry also hosted a four-track elevated terminal with access to all Manhattan elevated train lines running up Second , Third , Sixth and Ninth Avenues. The station

630-496: The 21st century. In 2010, the New York City Department of Transportation announced plans to improve the intersection of Water and Whitehall Streets by creating a painted pedestrian plaza on an underused slip road in the northeast corner of the intersection. The block of Whitehall Street from Pearl to Water Streets would also be converted from a two-way street to a northbound-only street, with a painted sidewalk on

672-600: The Congress of the United States shall hold their sessions in the city of New York." On March 24, proposals for the building were requested. The architect, John McComb, Jr. , submitted plans, but apparently they were not used, since they do not match the house as built. James Robinson became the architect and designed a Georgian-style mansion. During the coming months, the fort defensive walls and enclosed buildings were taken down. Some stones were even reused to build

714-622: The New York State legislature passed a resolution that the site of Fort George should be used to build a "proper House ... for the residence and accommodation of the President of the United States." On March 16, 1790, the New York state legislature authorized the demolition of Fort George and the building of a government house for the "temporary use and accommodation of the President of the United States of America, during such time as

756-562: The building became the Custom House. Alexander Hamilton inspired the Customs Administration Act, passed by Congress on March 2, 1799, “An act to regulate the collection of duties on imports and tonnage.” On May 1, 1799, the building was converted for use as the Custom House in New York . The Custom House had previously been at S. William Street , opposite Mill Lane, known as 5 Mill Street. Government House

798-557: The demolition of the building and clearing of the adjacent lots was underway. On September 29, 1890, the Holland Society of New York installed a commemorative tablet at 4 Bowling Green. It described that the Government House was built on the site of Fort Amsterdam, built in 1626. The site is now occupied by the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House , built between 1902 and 1907. The historic Holland Society tablet

840-606: The early 2000s, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill had renovated the building, turning it into a new headquarters for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority . At the southeastern corner of the same intersection, the 23-story structure at 1 Whitehall Street was completed in 1962, also to designs by Emery Roth & Sons. On the western sidewalk between Bowling Green and Bridge Street is the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House . Completed in 1907 to designs by Cass Gilbert , it originally served as

882-520: The eastern side of the block. In May 2012, following the successful implementation of the pedestrian plaza between Pearl and Water Streets, additional painted pedestrian spaces were proposed on both sides of Whitehall Street from Pearl Street to Bowling Green. These improvements were completed by September 2012. At the northeast corner of Whitehall and Stone Streets is 2 Broadway , a 32-story tower designed by Emery Roth & Sons and built in 1958–1959. The building originally housed financial firms, but by

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924-750: The eastern sidewalk of Whitehall Street between Water Street and the FDR Drive. The 50-story building was built in 1969 to designs by William Lescaze & Assocs. and Kahn & Jacobs . The New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion , in Peter Minuit Plaza on Whitehall Street at the intersection of State Street, was a gift from the Netherlands to New York City, honoring the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson 's arrival in New York Harbor in 1609. The 5,000-square-foot (460 m) pavilion, in

966-543: The end of the Vietnam War. Nearly three million Americans were inducted at the Army Building before it was closed after two bombings by war resisters (in 1968 and 1969). The damage was superficial and, in 1986, it was repurposed as a glass-skinned condominium with retail space, ten additional floors, and the alternate address of 3 New York Plaza. Just south of 3 New York Plaza is 1 New York Plaza , which occupies

1008-546: The ferry to Governors Island, is just east of the Whitehall Terminal. It is open to the public from April through October. Completed in 1909, the terminal was renovated in 2001–2005. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Whitehall Street–South Ferry station ( 1 ​, N , ​ R , and ​ W trains) of the New York City Subway

1050-664: The issue was taken up by the City of Brooklyn in 1833. The South Ferry Company established the South Ferry on May 16, 1836 to connect Lower Manhattan to the foot of Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn and the month-old Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad (renamed Atlantic Avenue Railroad, later the Atlantic Avenue Railroad's streetcar line , later still part of the South Side Railroad of Long Island , now

1092-555: The new government house. The cornerstone of this new building was laid on May 21, 1790. However, before the building was completed, Congress passed the Residence Act of July 16, 1790, which named Philadelphia as the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the permanent national capital was under construction at what is now Washington, D.C. Thus, President Washington never resided in this public building, intended to be his executive mansion. The Government House

1134-556: The passage of the Customs Administration Act in 1799, it was converted into the Custom House in New York . Parts of the building were later leased to the American Academy of Arts, who then offered space to the New-York Historical Society in 1809. In 1813, the property was sold to the city. In 1815, the land was sold to the public and the building demolished. After Evacuation Day , November 25, 1783,

1176-417: The second floor for its collection. On May 26, 1812, the state legislature authorized the sale of the building and grounds to the city "for the erection of private buildings or other individual purposes." The purchase was completed on August 2, 1813. On May 1, 1815, the city started the process to sell the property to the public. Seven lots facing Bowling Green were sold at auction on May 25. By June 1,

1218-743: The separate cities of New York and Brooklyn , rather than from being at the southern tip of Manhattan. The "Old Ferry" (later renamed the Fulton Ferry ), crossed between Manhattan and Brooklyn from streets that in each city would eventually be renamed "Fulton Street". The "New Ferry" (also called the Catherine Ferry ) crossed on a more northerly route than the Old Ferry, between Catherine Street in Manhattan, and Main Street in Brooklyn. As

1260-560: The shape of a flower, was designed by the Dutch architects Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos , and features radiating bars of LEDs ; it is both a café and a visitors center. The stone plaza is a landscaped platform (" plein " in Dutch) with benches of modern design, walkways with engraved passages from Russell Shorto 's The Island at the Center of the World , about the founding of Manhattan, and

1302-614: The site of Fort George was viewed as the "social center of New York", prime real estate for grand residences. From March 4, 1789, to December 5, 1790, the federal capital of the United States was in New York, at Federal Hall . President Washington first occupied the Samuel Osgood House – April 23, 1789, to February 23, 1790 – then the Alexander Macomb House – February 23 to August 30, 1790 – both private houses. On July 13, 1789,

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1344-405: The site of Peter Stuyvesant 's 17th-century house. Whitehall Street is one of New York's oldest streets, having been a 17th-century road in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam . It was known as Marckvelt by 1658 and as Whitehall Street by 1731. Over the years, the street has been widened and modified to accommodate different traffic patterns. Whitehall Street contains several structures, including

1386-502: The state governors' house. In 1791, Governor George Clinton moved into the building. Governor John Jay lived in the residence from 1795 to 1797. He was the last governor to live here, since Albany became the state capital in 1797. In May 1798, the state leased the building to John Avery. He then opened it as the Elysian Boarding and Lodging House. The Elysian has also been called a tavern. John Avery left two weeks after

1428-519: The street was described as containing "twelve houses of the better class". Under the leadership of British colonial governor Edmund Andros , a large semicircular wood-and-stone fortification was built at the southern end of the modern Whitehall Street. It was commonly known as the Whitehall Battery. There was also a drinking well, "De Riemer's Well" in the center of Whitehall Street near Bridge Street. The section between State and Pearl Streets

1470-469: Was closed in 1950. 40°42′4″N 74°0′47″W  /  40.70111°N 74.01306°W  / 40.70111; -74.01306 Government House (New York City) The Government House was a Georgian-style mansion at the foot of Broadway , south of Bowling Green , on the site previously occupied by Fort George in Manhattan , New York City . Built in 1790 by the state of New York , it

1512-637: Was demolished in 1815, and the site was later developed with the houses of several wealthy New Yorkers. Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant, now long demolished. On the Castello Plan of 1660, Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River . The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century New Amsterdam are seen to extend behind it, laid out in

1554-529: Was described in 1791 by Rev. Garret Abeel as an "elegant two-story brick building of an oblong square form ... In front is an elegant pediment, supported by four large pillars ... all the rooms in the house command a most extensive and delightful prospect, some into the East River , some quite to the Narrows ; others up the North River ." While the building was never used by the President, it did serve as

1596-482: Was intended to be the executive mansion for President George Washington , but he never occupied it. Before it was completed, the federal government moved temporarily to Philadelphia ; then permanently to Washington, D.C. It then became the state governor’s residence and was used by George Clinton and John Jay . Later it was leased to John Avery and was known as the Elysian Boarding House. After

1638-516: Was known as Waterside or Lang Straat . In the 1640s, numerous settlers were given land grants on Whitehall Street. At the intersection of what is now Pearl and Whitehall Streets, Dutch colonial governor Peter Stuyvesant built the Governor's House c.  1657 . The British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, and thereafter the building became known as the "Whitehall", for England's seat of government, Whitehall in London . In 1676,

1680-412: Was known as Leisler Street by 1720. The entire street had commonly become known as "Whitehall Street" by 1731. By 1790, Whitehall Street had assumed its current layout when Government House was built at the northern end of the street. The section of Whitehall Street from Bowling Green to State Street was widened and straightened in 1859. Modifications to Whitehall Street's traffic patterns were made in

1722-465: Was the Custom House until 1815. The following year, the Custom House occupied a store at the site of the second City Hall on Wall Street . On April 11, 1808, the upper room of the building was reserved for the American Academy of Arts. The academy was previously known as the New York Academy of Fine Arts . In 1809, the academy invited the New-York Historical Society to use one room on

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1764-615: Was the site of Fort Amsterdam , constructed by the Dutch West India Company to defend their operations in the Hudson Valley . The fort became the nucleus of the New Amsterdam settlement, and in turn, of New York City . The Government House was subsequently built on the site of Fort Amsterdam and, after 1799, housed a previous location of the Custom House for the Port of New York. The old Government House

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