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33-470: The name of the town derives from "An der neuen Kirche" meaning "by the new church" not from "nine churches" as one might be tempted to assume. In the past, Neunkirchen's economy has been shaped almost exclusively by coal and steel. With the decline of this industry sector, Neunkirchen's economy had to face drastic changes and underwent a significant shift towards the service and retail sector, although smaller industries still remain. The earliest settlements in

66-635: A cinema, the first of the German branch of Hooters of America, Inc restaurants and a radio studio of the McDonald's fast food chain. Neunkirchen is twinned with: Schloss J%C3%A4gersberg Schloss Jägersberg ( German : Schloss Jägersberg )(English: Jägersberg palace ) was a baroque Schloss in Neunkirchen in Saarland , Germany . It served as a hunting lodge and summer palace for

99-463: A few nights before, on the banks of the Saar, shining clouds of glow-worms hovered around us, betwixt rock and thicket; so now the spark-spitting forges played their sprightly firework towards us. We passed, in the depth of night, the smelting-houses situated in the bottom of the valley, and were delighted with the strange half -gloom of these dens of plank, which are but dimly lighted by a little opening in

132-403: A giant gas tank at the ironwork caused 68 casualties, 190 injured. The damage spread over a part of the factory and also hit a nearby residential area and a school building. The duration of repair work and temporary closing of the damaged parts of the iron works was about nine months. This event caused worldwide media attention. Having a big ironworks complex right in the town centre made the town

165-572: A half-moon shape, with a two-storey main building and a five-axial central projection. The palace had a terraced garden in English landscape garden style, which extended to the Blies river. The old castle was partially demolished to create a grand entrance to the new palace, and the remaining part was turned into stables. All documents, invoices, plans, designs and plans relating the construction are considered lost. Probably, they were destroyed during

198-406: A happy sleep, and sought the hunting-seat, which lay still farther up. It looks out far over mountain and wood, the outlines of which were only to be recognized against the clear nightsky, but the sides and depths of which were impenetrable to my sight. This well-preserved building stood as empty as it was lonely : no castellan, no huntsman, was to be found. I sat before the great glass doors upon

231-691: A renaissance castle and Schloss Jägersberg . Both castles do not exist anymore today, but the ruins of the Renaissance castle are now the base of a little park-like area. The famous German poet, geologist and author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited Neunkirchen and described the Castle and the Ironworks. Neunkirchen was awarded township as late as 1922 after having been the largest village in Prussia for some time. On 10 February 1933, an explosion of

264-716: A target for Allied bomb raids in the Second World War . In 1945, an air raid destroyed about three quarters of the town centre. As a result, there is a large number of unexploded ordnance from WW2 still present in the area today. On September 10, 1987, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party Erich Honecker visited his birthplace Neunkirchen. Neunkirchen's climate is classified as oceanic ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). The average annual temperature in Neunkirchen

297-552: Is 10.1 °C (50.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 871.1 mm (34.30 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 18.9 °C (66.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around 2.1 °C (35.8 °F). The Neunkirchen weather station has recorded the following extreme values: There are traces of surface coal mining that reach back as far as 700BC. Later on, coal

330-612: Is said that he partially rented afterwards the Château de Chambord in the Loire valley. Schloss Jägersberg remained in ruins until 1822. After its gradual decay, it was demolished. The grounds were parcelled out and partially built over. Today, only some fragments of the palace and the gardens are preserved. They are located in the city centre of Neunkirchen, in the area of the Schlossstrasse, Seilerstrasse, and Kochgasse. Some of

363-685: The dukes of Lorraine , joined the Luxembourg king Henry VII of Germany on his campaign to Italy and fought with Henry's son John of Bohemia on the French side in the Hundred Years' War . His grandson, the last Count John II of Saarbrücken , likewise fought with the French in the 1356 Battle of Poitiers , where he and King John II of France were captured and until the 1360 Treaty of Brétigny imprisoned at Wallingford Castle . Vested with

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396-441: The 1793 fire of Saarbrücken Castle , where the entire administration of the principality was located at that time. Nothing is known about the craftsmen and artists involved in the construction work either. The palace was primarily used for hunting and festivities, such as the six-day party in honor of the wedding of Prince Louis and Princess Wilhelmine of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt . On 23 August 1777, prince Louis officially named

429-601: The Lordship of Vaucouleurs as well with the title of a Grand Butler of France , he nevertheless had to pawn large parts of his possessions to Archbishop Baldwin of Trier . With John's death in 1381 the male line ended again. As his daughter Johanna had married Count John I of Nassau-Weilburg in 1353, their son Philipp I inherited the County of Saarbrücken. Philipp I ruled both Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Weilburg and in 1393 inherited through his wife Johanna of Hohenlohe

462-628: The Rhine), the so-called Younger line of Nassau-Weilburg. In 1507 Count John Ludwig I significantly enlarged his territory by marrying Catharine, the daughter of the last Count of Moers-Saarwerden and in 1527 inherited the County of Saarwerden including the Lordship of Lahr . Though after his death in 1544 the county was split into three parts, the three lines (Ottweiler, Saarbrücken proper and Kirchheim) were all extinct in 1574 and all of Nassau-Saarbrücken

495-444: The adjacent Alsace and Palatinate regions as a fiefdom. In the course of the fierce Investiture Controversy , the rise of the comital dynasty continued with the appointment of Siegbert's son Adalbert as Archbishop of Mainz in 1111, and in 1118 his elder brother Frederick was first mentioned with the title of a "Count of Saarbrücken". However, Frederick's son Simon I had to face the slighting of his Saarbrücken residence by

528-400: The area can be dated back to 700 BC. The oldest part of the town is the village of Wiebelskirchen north of the town centre; its name has been recorded as early as 765 AD and is thus the oldest Christian name in town ("Kirche" means church). The name "Neunkirchen" is recorded for the first time in 1281. Neunkirchen belonged to the principality of Nassau-Saarbrücken, who erected two castles:

561-589: The forces of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1168. Upon his death about 1183, the county was divided into two parts, when the Palatinate territories were separated to form the basis of the County of Zweibrücken . The Alsatian possessions had been lost already around 1120. When the comital House of Leiningen became extinct in 1212, the Counts of Saarbrücken by jure uxoris inherited their Palatinate possessions around Altleiningen Castle, where they established

594-436: The fragrance of balsam, enlivened the peaceful atmosphere. Then there awakened within me the image of a lovely being, which had retired into the background before the motley objects of these travelling-days, but which now unveiled itself more and more, and drove me from the spot back to my quarters, where I made preparations to set off as early as possible. County of Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken The County of Saarbrücken

627-413: The glowing furnace. The noise of the water, and of the bellows driven by it; the fearful whizzing and shrieking of the blast of air, which, raging into the smelted ore, stuns the hearing and confuses the senses, — drove us away, at last, to turn into Neukirch, which is built up against the mountain. But, notwithstanding all the variety and fatigue of the day, I could find no rest here. I left my friend to

660-567: The last coal mine closing down in 1968 and the major part of the ironworks complex closing down in 1982 (only a steel-mill is still in service today), the unemployment rate rose drastically. Meanwhile, the city has transformed into a "shopping town", a process that had been started with the construction of a large shopping centre on the grounds of the former steelworks. Remnants of the former steelworks that had not been destroyed meanwhile have been preserved and renovated. They now serve as an industrial monument; parts of them feature small pubs, clubs,

693-482: The lordships of Kirchheimbolanden and Stauf . He also received half of Nassau- Ottweiler ( Lordship of Ottweiler  [ de ] ) in 1393 and other territories later during his reign. After his death in 1429 the territories around Saarbrücken and along the Lahn were kept united until 1442, when they were again divided among his sons into the lines Nassau-Saarbrücken (west of the Rhine) and Nassau-Weilburg (east of

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726-547: The palace ‘Jägersberg’ (English: Hunters mountain ). Initially, it was called the new castle ( German : Neues Schloss Neunkirchen ). During the French revolutionary wars, the principality was occupied by France. In 1792, Schloss Jägersberg served as a last refuge for the princely family for a period of a half year. The palace was plundered and set on fire by French troops in May 1793, when prince Louis already left for Aschaffenburg , where he passed away in 1794. Crown prince Henry

759-467: The princes of Nassau-Saarbrücken . Designed by architect Friedrich Joachim Stengel in 1752, it was destroyed between 1793 and 1822. Except some small remains, nothing remembers anymore of the palace and its garden. In the second half of the sixteenth century, John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken constructed the first castle in Neunkirchen: a quadrangular building with a tower on each corner. It

792-510: The remains are integrated in modern buildings, such as an Irish pub and a residential house. The fragments are protected as cultural heritage monuments by the state of Saarland. In 1770, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited Jägersberg palace. He writes about his visit to Neunkirchen in his book Dichtung und Wahrheit : Nevertheless, some pleasant adventures, and a surprising firework at nightfall, not far from Neukirch, interested us young fellows almost more than these important experiences. For as

825-432: The steps which run around the whole terrace. Here, surrounded by mountains, over a forest-grown, dark soil, which seemed yet darker in contrast with the clear horizon of a summer night, with the glowing, starry vault above me, I sat for a long time by myself on the deserted spot, and thought I never had felt such a solitude. How sweetly, then, was I surprised by the distant sound of a couple of French horns, which at once, like

858-740: The younger line of the Counts of Leiningen as a cadet branch. Simon III of Saarbrücken, count from 1207, was a loyal supporter of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen and of Philip of Swabia . He later joined the Fifth Crusade and, as he had no male heirs, reached the acknowledgement of the inheritance by his daughter Laurette . His younger daughter Mathilda, who succeeded her sister in 1272, managed to secure her right of succession by marrying Count Simon of Commercy who from 1271 called himself Count of Saarbrücken-Commercy. Saarbrücken received town privileges in 1322. Count John I, vassal of

891-725: Was Frederick August of Nassau-Usingen who died in 1816. He was succeeded by Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg . In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars , most of the former territory of Nassau-Saarbrücken became part of the Prussian Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine , then the Rhine Province in 1822; it mostly corresponded to the Saarbrücken district  [ de ] . The coat of arms combined

924-896: Was an Imperial State in the Upper Lorraine region, with its capital at Saarbrücken . From 1381 it belonged to the Walram branch of the Rhenish House of Nassau . Around the year 1080 King Henry IV of Germany vested one Count Siegbert in the Saargau with the Carolingian Kaiserpfalz at Wadgassen on the Saar River and further possessions held by the Bishops of Metz in the Bliesgau as well as in

957-800: Was divided again into Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Saarbrücken. In 1793 the territories of Nassau-Saarbrücken were occupied (along with the rest of the Left Bank of the Rhine ) by the French First Republic ; in 1797 Saarbrücken was annexed to the Sarre department . In 1797 the Nassau-Saarbrücken title was inherited by Nassau-Usingen; it was (re-)unified with Nassau-Weilburg and raised to the Duchy of Nassau in 1806. The first Duke of Nassau

990-427: Was mined underground until 1968. In 1593, the first ironworks were constructed in the Blies valley. The iron ore used was from local origin. Much of the city's fate was influenced by the von Stumm-Halberg family, who owned the local ironworks from 1806 onwards, and thus had enormous influence on the local politics. Due to the decline of the coal and steel industry, the local economy faced aggravating hardships. With

1023-402: Was primarily used as a hunting lodge. William Henry, Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken decided to create a new hunting lodge, Schloss Jägersberg. He engaged Friedrich Joachim Stengel as architect. The first plans probably existed as early as 1749. The final design was made in 1752, and construction started in 1753. Building works continued at least until 1765. The palace was designed in

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1056-408: Was still there, but was able to save himself by jumping over the wall. Seven-year old princess Catherine was left behind, captured and brought back to Saarbrücken. She later vividly remembers that the palace is looted and set afire. In 1802, an English nobleman, colonel Thomas Thornton , wanted to purchase the ruins and restore the baroque palace. However, he was unable to realized these plans. It

1089-497: Was united with Nassau-Weilburg until 1629. This new division however was not executed until the Thirty Years' War was over and in 1651 three counties were established: Nassau-Idstein , Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Saarbrücken. Only eight years later, Nassau-Saarbrücken was again divided into: By 1728 Nassau-Saarbrücken was united with Nassau-Usingen which had inherited Nassau-Ottweiler and Nassau-Idstein. In 1735 Nassau-Usingen

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