Wieland Wagner (5 January 1917 – 17 October 1966) was a German opera director, and grandson of Richard Wagner . As co-director of the Bayreuth Festival when it re-opened after World War II, he was noted for innovative new stagings of the operas, departing from the naturalistic scenery and lighting of the originals.
22-499: Wieland Wagner was the elder of two sons of Siegfried and Winifred Wagner , grandson of composer Richard Wagner , and great-grandson of composer Franz Liszt through Wieland's paternal grandmother. In 1941, he married the dancer and choreographer Gertrud Reissinger. They had four children: Iris (1942–2014), Wolf Siegfried (born 1943), Nike (born 1945) and Daphne (born 1946). Their son Wolf married Marie Eleanore von Lehndorff-Steinort, sister of fashion model Veruschka , whose father
44-917: A female perspective. After her retirement Schostack lived in Pforzheim again. She died in Munich in July 2016 at the age of 78. Renate Schostack received a scholarship from the Klagenfurt jury in 1977, the "Jury Prize" at the Ingeborg Bachmann Competition in Klagenfurt in 1984 and the Prize for Science Journalism from the German English Writers' Association in 1989. In 2003 she was honoured for her commitment with
66-972: A marriage with a 17-year-old Englishwoman, Winifred Klindworth , and at the Bayreuth Festival of 1914 she was introduced to the then-45-year-old Wagner. The two married on 22 September 1915. The couple had four children: Though the marriage provided for the dynastic succession, the hope that it would also bring an end to his homosexual encounters and the associated costly scandals was disappointed, as Wagner remained sexually active with other men. Peter P. Pachl [ de ] , one of Siegfried's biographers, asserted that Siegfried had sired an illegitimate son, Walter Aign (1901–1977); several recent authors, such as Frederic Spotts and Brigitte Hamann , have taken it up. Wagner died in Bayreuth in 1930 aged 61, having outlived his mother by only four months. Since his two sons were still only adolescents, he
88-429: A symbolic for a naturalist staging and focusing on the psychology of the drama. Wieland began his directorial career before World War II , working on operas by his father and grandfather. His innovative approach did not become clear until after the war. His design for the 1937 Bayreuth production of Parsifal , for example, was conservative, though it did have film projections during the transformation scenes. When
110-655: A teenager and young man, Wieland knew the dictator as "Uncle Wolf". In 1938 he joined the Nazi Party on Hitler's personal insistence. From September 1944 to April 1945 he held a sinecure at the Institut für physikalische Forschung in Bayreuth, founded by his brother-in-law Bodo Lafferentz , which was a satellite of the Flossenbürg concentration camp devoted to research and development of an improved guidance system of
132-667: A thesis on Wieland and Lavater . She then worked as a lecturer at the universities in Toulouse and Bristol . From 1969 to 2003, she worked in the feature section of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , from 1971 to 1974 as cultural correspondent in London, from 1985 in Munich. In addition to journalism and literary criticism , she has written novels and short stories. She wrote novels and short stories, most of which portrayed couple relationships from
154-794: Is hard to imagine a greater contrast with traditional operatic acting. Although Wieland is best remembered for productions of his grandfather's works at Bayreuth, he was often asked to work elsewhere in Germany and Europe. For example, he produced Tannhäuser and Der fliegende Holländer in Copenhagen, the Ring in Naples , Stuttgart and Cologne , and Beethoven 's Fidelio in Stuttgart , London , Paris and Brussels . Wieland's wife Gertrud collaborated with him to develop his interpretations of
176-614: The Bayreuth Festival reopened after the war in 1951, Wieland and his brother Wolfgang became festival directors in place of their mother, whose association with Adolf Hitler had made her unacceptable. (Wieland's own past was, however, suppressed.) The revolutionary productions evoked extreme views both for and against. Wieland's long-lasting 1951 production of Parsifal included many features with which he later would be identified. Post-war austerity and his own interest – influenced by Adolphe Appia – in lighting effects led to
198-560: The English composer Clement Harris . During the voyage he decided to abandon architecture and commit himself to music. Reputedly, it was also Harris who first aroused his homoerotic impulses. While on board, he sketched his first official work, the symphonic poem Sehnsucht , inspired by the poem of the same name by Friedrich Schiller . This piece was not completed until just before the concert in which Wagner conducted it in London on 6 June 1895. Though his works are numerous, none entered
220-565: The V-2 rocket bomb. This enabled him to avoid being called into the Wehrmacht for the final defense of Germany. At the Institut he built models of stage sets and developed new stage lighting systems with the assistance of prisoner Hans Imhof, an electrical technician. At his denazification hearing in Bayreuth, on 10 December 1948, he was classified as a " Mitläufer " (follower), the fourth and lowest category of those not exonerated, and fined DM100 plus
242-517: The Wagner dynasty with heirs, but he fought off her increasingly desperate urgings. Around 1913, pressure on him increased due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair (1907–1909), in which the journalist Maximilian Harden accused several public figures, most notably Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg , a friend of Kaiser Wilhelm II , of homosexuality . In this climate, the family found it suitable to arrange
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#1732771917213264-522: The court costs. Siegfried Wagner Siegfried Helferich Richard Wagner (6 June 1869 – 4 August 1930) was a German composer and conductor, the son of Richard Wagner . He was an opera composer and the artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival from 1908 to 1930. Siegfried Wagner was born in 1869 to Richard Wagner and his future wife Cosima (née Liszt), at Tribschen on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Through his mother, he
286-1102: The daughter of Wieland and Gertrud, Nike Wagner. The great love of his life was the German soprano Anja Silja . Only twenty years old, she took over as Senta in 1960 in Bayreuth when Leonie Rysanek cancelled, and created a sensation. Blessed with a strong, agile, youthful and gleaming voice, and with an extraordinary talent for acting, she embodied Wieland's ideals. She sang Elsa in Lohengrin , Elisabeth and Venus in Tannhäuser and Eva in Meistersinger at Bayreuth. Elsewhere, he cast her as Isolde , Brünnhilde , Richard Strauss 's Elektra , and Salome , and Alban Berg 's Lulu and Marie in Wozzeck . She even sang Desdemona in Verdi's Otello in Wieland's production. Among
308-570: The operas and devise stage movement for the solo singers and chorus. Trained in modern dance, she is credited in the Bayreuth programs with choreography for Parsifal , Tannhäuser , and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg , but in fact she assisted him in all of his Bayreuth productions and many that he staged elsewhere, sometimes taking rehearsals on her own. This was not revealed until after Wieland's death, and Wolfgang Wagner claims in his memoirs that it's not true. But biographer Renate Schostack recounts many particulars of this collaboration, as does
330-717: The other celebrated singers who worked with Wieland were Hans Hotter , George London , Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau , Eberhard Wächter , Thomas Stewart , Theo Adam , Josef Greindl , Jerome Hines , Wolfgang Windgassen , Ramón Vinay , Jess Thomas , Jon Vickers , Martha Mödl , Astrid Varnay , Régine Crespin , Rita Gorr , Leonie Rysanek , Regina Resnik , Birgit Nilsson , Jean Madeira , Grace Hoffman , Franz Crass , Victoria de los Ángeles , Grace Bumbry , Christa Ludwig , Martti Talvela , Carlos Alexander , Ruth Hesse , Isabel Strauß , Rosl Zapf , James King , Claude Heater , Ticho Parly , Dame Gwyneth Jones , and Fritz Wunderlich . Wieland wanted great actors, but he also wanted
352-611: The singers to execute his plans faithfully. Conductors with whom he collaborated were Hans Knappertsbusch , Clemens Krauss , Joseph Keilberth , André Cluytens , Pierre Boulez , Herbert von Karajan , Erich Leinsdorf , Heinz Tietjen , Lorin Maazel , Wolfgang Sawallisch , Karl Böhm , Bruno Maderna , and Thomas Schippers . Wieland Wagner's life and work are discussed in Tony Palmer 's 2011 film, The Wagner Family . Winifred Wagner's close friendship with Hitler meant that, as
374-525: The standard repertory. He made his conducting debut as an assistant conductor at Bayreuth in 1894; in 1896 he became associate conductor, sharing responsibility for conducting the Ring Cycle with Felix Mottl and Hans Richter , who had conducted its premiere 20 years earlier. In 1908 he took over as artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival in succession to his mother, Cosima. Wagner was bisexual . For years, his mother urged him to marry and provide
396-453: The use of round minimalist sets lit from above. Wieland's first post-war Siegfried represented Fafner with a nine-metre (30 ft) statue of a dragon belching fire. In his later production of the opera he instead used pairs of giant eyes, which were picked out in turn from the back-projected forest, to suggest the movements of a huge creature stretching halfway down the Bayreuth hill. Wieland's 1956 " Mastersingers without Nuremberg"
418-460: Was a grandson of Franz Liszt , from whom he received some instruction in harmony. Some youthful compositions date from about 1882. After he completed his secondary education in 1889, he studied with Wagner's assistant Engelbert Humperdinck , but was more strongly drawn to a career as an architect and studied architecture in Berlin and Karlsruhe . In 1892 he undertook a trip to Asia with a friend,
440-537: Was involved in the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler . Late in his life, Wieland had a love affair with Anja Silja , one of the singers he had recruited for Bayreuth. In 1965, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite . He died of lung cancer in October 1966. Wieland Wagner is credited as an initiator of Regietheater through ushering in a new modern style to Wagnerian opera as a stage director and designer, substituting
462-614: Was succeeded at the helm of the Bayreuth Festival by his widow Winifred. See List of operas by Siegfried Wagner Renate Schostack Renate Schostack (10 January 1938 in Pforzheim – 28 July 2016 in Munich ) was a German journalist and writer. Renate Schostack studied German studies and history at universities in Munich, Basel, Paris and Berlin. In 1964, she was awarded a doctorate in philosophy in Freiburg im Breisgau with
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#1732771917213484-526: Was the symbolic culmination of his campaign to move away from naturalism in Wagner production with the medieval town represented by the cobbled shape of a street and, above the stage, a ball suggestive of a flowering tree. Wieland's minimalism extended beyond the stage furniture and props. The performer of Gunther , for example, was expected to sing leaning forward in Act 1 of Götterdämmerung until he felt his authority challenged by Hagen and sat up straight. It
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