42-722: The Prater ( German pronunciation: [ˈpraːtɐ] ) is a large public park in Leopoldstadt , Vienna , Austria. The Wurstelprater , an amusement park that is often simply called "Prater", lies in one corner of the Wiener Prater and includes the Wiener Riesenrad Ferris wheel. The name Prater derives from one of two Latin words (or possibly both): pratum ' meadow ' or praetor 'magistrate, lawyer', possibly via Spanish prado or Italian prato . The area that makes up
84-467: A nut ) per capsule. Capsules containing more than one seed result in flatness on one side of the seeds. The point of attachment of the seed in the capsule (hilum) shows as a large, circular, whitish scar. The capsule epidermis has "spines" (botanically: prickles) in some species, while other capsules are warty or smooth. At maturity, the capsule splits into three sections to release the seeds. Aesculus seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching , by
126-609: A huge beer garden , sells the original Czech Budweiser draught beer . The owners claim that, back in the 1920s, the potato crisp was invented there. Nearby you can find the "Republic of Kugelmugel ", a micronation proclaimed in 1984 that became a landmark of the area. There is also a miniature steam railway (" Liliputbahn ") which, on its track through the woodland parallel to the Hauptallee , passes Vienna's Ernst-Happel-Stadion . Another, smaller, park in Leopoldstadt
168-543: A hunting ground. To deal with the problem of poachers , Emperor Rudolf II forbade entry to the Prater. On 7 April 1766, Emperor Joseph II declared the Prater to be free for public enjoyment, and allowed the establishment of coffee-houses and cafés, which led to the beginnings of the Wurstelprater . Throughout this time, hunting continued to take place in the Prater, ending only in 1920. The 1873 Vienna World's Fair
210-590: A log cabin made of buckeye logs and drinking hard cider, causing Ohio to become known as "the Buckeye State". In Geneva , Switzerland , an official chestnut tree is used to indicate the beginning of the Spring ; every year since 1818, the tree is observed by the secretary of the Grand Council of Geneva (the local parliament), and the opening of the first leaf is recorded and announced publicly. Over
252-512: A traditional theater district, Leopoldstadt had, in the middle of the 20th century, numerous cinemas. As a result of the spread of television in Austria from the late 1950s, cinemas began to close in the 1960s, by which the 2nd District was severely affected. By and by, Leopold townspeople cinemas were closed, and now there is no single regular cinema in the district area. Even the UCI opened in 1999, at
294-547: Is the topiary -type Augarten , which is the home of the Vienna Boys' Choir and of a porcelain manufactory ("Augarten-Porzellan"). Its distinguishing marks are two disused Flak towers built towards the end of the Second World War . For features of this versatile district not listed here, see the bottom-linked Leopoldstadt Category page. In 1625, Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller became the rabbi of Vienna. At
336-592: Is the 2nd municipal district of Vienna ( German : 2. Bezirk ) in Austria. As of 1 January 2016, there are 103,233 inhabitants over 19.27 km (7 sq mi). It is situated in the heart of the city and, together with Brigittenau (20th district), forms a large island surrounded by the Danube Canal and, to the north, the Danube . It is named after Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor . Due to its relatively high percentage of Jewish inhabitants before
378-489: Is the bottlebrush buckeye, Aesculus parviflora , a flowering shrub. Several other members of the genus are used as ornamentals, and several horticultural hybrids have also been developed, most notably the red horse chestnut Aesculus × carnea , a hybrid between A. hippocastanum and A. pavia . Interpretations of the tree leaves can be seen in architectural details in the Reims Cathedral . The horse chestnut
420-472: The Aceraceae ( maples and Dipteronia ), to be included in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The species of Aesculus include: The most familiar member of the genus worldwide is the common horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum . The yellow buckeye, Aesculus flava (syn. A. octandra ), is also a valuable ornamental tree with yellow flowers, but is less widely planted. Among the smaller species
462-800: The Austrian film archive established here and at the Metro Cinema (1st district) shows historical films and scientific research. In the year 2007, Brooklyn , New York City entered into a district partnership with the Viennese district of Leopoldstadt. Other sources 48°12′37″N 16°24′44″E / 48.21028°N 16.41222°E / 48.21028; 16.41222 Horse-chestnut (tree) The genus Aesculus ( / ˈ ɛ s k j ʊ l ə s / or / ˈ aɪ s k j ʊ l ə s / ), with species called buckeye and horse chestnut , comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in
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#1732776423784504-584: The Holocaust (38.5 percent in 1923), Leopoldstadt gained the nickname Mazzesinsel (' Matzo Island'). This context was a significant aspect for the district twinning with the New York City borough Brooklyn in 2007. Places of interest include the Wiener Prater (from Latin pratum "meadow"), former imperial hunting grounds to which the public was denied access until 1766. The area of
546-472: The Jōmon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD. All parts of the buckeye or horse chestnut tree are moderately toxic, including the nut-like seeds. The toxin affects the gastrointestinal system, causing gastrointestinal disturbances. The USDA notes that the toxicity is due to saponin aescin and glucoside aesculin , with alkaloids possibly contributing. Native Americans used to crush
588-620: The Prater closest to the city centre contains a large amusement park , known as the Volksprater ("People's Prater") or Wurstelprater (after the Harlequin -type figure of Hanswurst ), and at its entrance there is the giant Wiener Riesenrad Ferris wheel opened in 1897 which features prominently in the movie The Third Man and which has become one of Vienna's landmarks. The Schweizerhaus (" Swiss Hut "), an establishment boasting
630-523: The Stuwerviertel [ de ] . In 1978, part of the Prater was designated the "Green Prater" ( German : Grüne Prater ), and was placed under "landscape protection" ( German : Landschaftsschutz ). In 2004, major renovations to the Wurstelprater began, and a new underground railway line was finished and brought into service on 11 May 2008, which includes three stops along
672-742: The Vienna City Marathon and the Austrian Women's Run . The tradition started in 1822, when races were held between professional runners and Vienna nobility. In 2022, it was awarded the World Athletics Heritage plaque for its contributions to the sport of running. 48°12′58″N 16°23′44″E / 48.21611°N 16.39556°E / 48.21611; 16.39556 Leopoldstadt Leopoldstadt ( German pronunciation: [ˈleːopɔldˌʃtad] ; Viennese : Leopoidstod ; "Leopold-Town")
714-641: The Vienna University of Economics and Business . On the grounds of modern-day Kaiserwiese, an attraction called "Venice in Vienna" was established in 1895 by Gabor Steiner. The area included an artificial lagoon to simulate the canals of Venice , Italy. Due to development, the Prater has shrunk significantly over time. For instance, the Prater used to include the land that is now the Hafen Freudenau [ de ] (Freudenau Harbor), and
756-477: The Japanese horse chestnut, A. turbinata . Species are deciduous or evergreen. Flowers are showy, insect- or bird-pollinated, with four or five petals fused into a lobed corolla tube , arranged in a panicle inflorescence. Flowering starts after 80–110 growing degree days . The fruit matures to a capsule 2–5 cm (1–2 in) diameter, usually globose, containing one to three seeds (often erroneously called
798-756: The Mehrsälekino Lassallestraße, was already closed three years later because of poor attendance. The former cinemas, in the order of closure, are: This development is however an increasing demand for outdoor summer cinema , since the early 1990s, before the Vienna City Hall every summer, the Film Festival at the Vienna City Hall Square takes place. In the 2nd District, there are currently four summer open-air cinemas: In Augarten (Obere Augartenstraße 1),
840-632: The Prater (see Vienna U-Bahn ). Wien Praterstern railway station has been in operation for a long time and is only a few dozen metres away from an entrance to the park. The overall area of the park has also been reduced by the building of the Ernst-Happel-Stadion (Austria's national stadium), the Südosttangente (Austria's busiest motorway), and the Trabrennbahn Krieau (a harness racing track). In 2013,
882-662: The Prater, and the Jewish Ghetto. The Museum für Unterhaltungskunst covers the history of clowns, artists, and circuses; whereas the Museum des Blindenwesens in his exhibition shows the development of teaching and lessons for the blind and Braille . The Wiener Kriminalmuseum ("Vienna Crime Museum"), connected with the Museum of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate, brings the visitor closer to
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#1732776423784924-669: The Roman name for an edible acorn. Common names for these trees include "buckeye" and "horse chestnut", though they are not in the same order as the true chestnuts, Castanea in the Fagales . Some are also called white chestnut or red chestnut. In Britain, they are sometimes called conker trees because of their link with the game of conkers , played with the seeds, also called conkers. Aesculus species have stout shoots with resinous, often sticky, buds, with opposite, palmately divided leaves, often very large—to 65 cm (26 in) across in
966-679: The Younger in the Praterstraße. The Belvedere has also two branch offices in the 2nd District: Augarten Contemporary (contemporary art) and the neighboring Gustinus-Ambrosi Museum . The Augarten factory has regular exhibits of porcelain in the foyer of the Palais Augarten. In the great hall of the former Agricultural Products Exchange (Taborstraße 10), the team of Serapions Ensembles to Erwin Piplits and Ulrike Kaufmann with
1008-401: The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. A fragment of a Torah scroll was saved by Heschel Messias from one of the synagogues as it burned. The Jewish population was increasingly isolated and terrorised and was finally deported and exterminated in concentration camps such as Auschwitz . The once thriving communal life was completely destroyed. Only a handful of survivors were able to hide until
1050-673: The annual Vienna Marathon . The Wiener Prater is home to the Liliputbahn , a narrow gauge railway . Another unusual object to be found in the Wiener Prater is the Republik Kugelmugel (Republic of Kugelmugel), a spherical micronation . The Wiener Prater also houses a planetarium and the Prater Museum. The Hauptallee is the venue for about 30 organized running events every year, including
1092-549: The area Leopoldstadt ('Leopold's city'), after the emperor. During the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , Jewish immigrants from eastern parts of the realm again flocked to Leopoldstadt, owing to the proximity of the Nordbahnhof railway station , which was one of the main railway stations at which migrants from other parts of the empire arrived in Vienna. The high number of Jewish inhabitants led to
1134-835: The area being called Mazzesinsel ('Island of Matzo', referring to the unleavened bread eaten during Passover). Several important synagogues were located there, including the Schiff Shul , the Leopoldstädter Tempel , the Türkischer Tempel , the Polnische Schul , and the Pazmanitentempel , as well as yeshivas . None of the synagogues escaped the destruction during the Kristallnacht pogroms of November 1938 following
1176-523: The area was called Im Werd , with the Jewish population living in an area called Unterer Werd . The hatred that Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor held for the Jews led to the forceful expulsion and destruction of the Jewish community ( Vienna Gesera , from Hebrew : גזרה , 'decree'), with the popular support of the local non-Jewish population. As a thanksgiving for the expulsion, the inhabitants renamed
1218-648: The assistance of the City Council until 1988, created the Odeon, a flexible theater space of considerable proportions. The Serapionsensemble, Neue Oper Wien , and other artists appear here. The name recalls the Odeon dance hall, which was located in the area of today's Odeongasse, behind the Agricultural Exchange. Opened in 1845 and destroyed by fire in 1848, it was the largest dance hall in Vienna at that time, with room for several thousand persons. As
1260-611: The district, including the terminal of the '1' tram in the Wiener Prater. The arms of the Leopoldstadt district, since the retirement of Brigittenau from the 2nd District, contains three parts, symbolizing the former independent communities: The Leopoldstadt Museum has a particular emphasis on the arts. The focus is on, inter alia , the Theater in Leopoldstadt , the Carl-Theater , the Leopoldstädter Theater ,
1302-475: The end of the war, from an original population of several thousands. With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 , and renewed immigration from Eastern Europe, especially the former Soviet Union, the Jewish population of Leopoldstadt was able to grow again. Today, many members of Vienna's Jewish community live there again, and there are a number of shops and restaurants selling kosher food. Several parts of
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1344-480: The family Sapindaceae . They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia. Several hybrids occur. Aesculus exhibits a classical Arcto-Tertiary distribution . Mexican buckeye seedpods resemble the Aesculus seedpods, but belong to a different genus. Carl Linnaeus named the genus Aesculus after
1386-637: The history of the judiciary and the police and of criminality from the late Middle Ages forward. Two major museums in Vienna have branch offices in Leopoldstadt. The Vienna Museum (formerly the Museum of the City of Vienna) operates the Prater Museum (next to the Ferris wheel) on the history of the Wurstelprater amusement park and also allows visits to the home of the "Waltz King" Johann Strauss
1428-401: The modern Prater was first mentioned in 1162, when Emperor Friedrich I gave the land to a noble family called de Prato. The word "Prater" was first used in 1403, originally referring to a small island in the Danube north of Freudenau, but was gradually extended to mean the neighbouring areas as well. The land changed hands frequently until it was bought by Emperor Maximilian II in 1560 to be
1470-531: The new campus of the Vienna University of Economics and Business was opened next to the Prater. In 2019, Eliud Kipchoge ran the marathon distance of 42.195 km on a stretch of road in the park in the INEOS 1:59 Challenge . His time of 1:59:40 was the first time anyone had run the marathon distance in under two hours. The Hauptallee (main avenue) is the main artery, lined with horse chestnut trees, closed to motorists and known to sports enthusiasts from
1512-629: The northern edge of the city centre and runs south east over the Donaustadtbrücke . Praterstern railway station provides direct links to Vienna International Airport in the south and Floridsdorf to the north east, and inner city stations Wien Mitte and Wien Hauptbahnhof . The station sits amid a large roundabout, which connects to the A22 Donauufer Autobahn over the Reichsbrücke . Multiple tram lines service
1554-577: The old residential areas have been gentrified , resulting in a gentle shift from Leopoldstadt's traditional, predominantly working class roots towards a somewhat wealthier population. The U1 metro line runs east to west through central Leopoldstadt, with stops at Nestroyplatz and Praterstern and Vorgartenstrasse . The U2 metro line, opened in May 2008 in time for the European Football Championship , links Leopoldstadt with
1596-487: The seeds and the resulting mash was thrown into still or sluggish waterbodies to stun or kill fish. They then boiled and drained (leached) the fish at least three times to dilute the toxin's effects. New shoots from the seeds also have been known to kill grazing cattle. The genus was considered to be in the ditypic family Hippocastanaceae along with Billia , but phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have more recently caused this family, along with
1638-464: The time, the Jews of Vienna were scattered throughout the city, not having a central community. Heller obtained for the Jews the right to establish a central Jewish community in Leopoldstadt, which was already then a suburb of Vienna. He was instrumental in reorganizing the community, and he drew up its constitution. By the mid-17th century, part of the built-up area was the Jewish ghetto . At that time
1680-489: The years, four different horse chestnut trees have been used for these recordings. In North America, several native American tribes, particularly in the western and central United States, such as Miwok , Pomo, Yokut, Maidu, historically used Buckeye trees ( Aesculus spp. ) like California Buckeye to harvest fish by utilizing the saponins , which had been extracted by the plant's seeds. These tribes used crushed Buckeye nuts to release saponins into streams or shallow water, where
1722-631: Was held in the Prater. A large area was set aside for the fair, centered on the Rotunde (English: Rotunda ). The Rotunde was built for the occasion of the World's Fair, and was the fair's largest building. The Rotunde was destroyed by a fire in 1937. While it stood, its dome was the largest in the world. The former site of the Rotunde is now occupied by buildings associated with the Messe Wien , and with
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1764-452: Was not native to Britain and was only introduced from Europe in 1650 (on the estates of both Dawyck House and Stobo Castle ). The leaf of Aesculus was the official symbol of Kyiv on its coat of arms used from 1969 to 1995. It remains an official symbol of Kyiv to this day. In the 1840 U.S. presidential campaign , candidate William Henry Harrison called himself the "log cabin and hard cider candidate", portraying himself sitting in
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