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55-463: On June 27, 2013, Nintendo shut down WiiConnect24. Consequently, the Wii channels that required it, online data exchange via Wii Message Board, and passive online features for certain games (the latter two of which made use of 16-digit Wii Friend Codes) were all rendered unusable. The Wii U does not officially support WiiConnect24, therefore most preloaded and downloadable Wii channels were unavailable on

110-410: A 6 MHz channel with a chrominance subcarrier frequency of 3.582056 MHz (917/4*H) similar to NTSC (910/4*H). On the studio production level, standard PAL cameras and equipment were used, with video signals then transcoded to PAL-N for broadcast. This allows 625 line, 50 frames per second video to be broadcast in a 6 MHz channel, at some cost in horizontal resolution . In Brazil, PAL

165-584: A European signal. The BBC tested their pre-war (but still broadcast until 1985) 405-line monochrome system ( CCIR System A ) with all three colour standards including PAL, before the decision was made to abandon 405 and transmit colour on 625/ System I only. Many countries have turned off analogue transmissions, so the following does not apply anymore, except for using devices which output RF signals, such as video recorders . The majority of countries using or having used PAL have television standards with 625 lines and 50 fields per second. Differences concern

220-887: A PAL-N TV broadcast can be sent to anyone in European countries that use PAL (and Australia/New Zealand, etc.) and it will display in colour. This will also play back successfully in Russia and other SECAM countries, as the USSR mandated PAL compatibility in 1985—this has proved to be very convenient for video collectors. People in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay usually own TV sets that also display NTSC-M, in addition to PAL-N. DirecTV also conveniently broadcasts in NTSC-M for North, Central, and South America. Most DVD players sold in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay also play PAL discs—however, this

275-516: A SCART switching signal when the Wii is in WiiConnect24 standby mode. This occurs with both official Nintendo RGB SCART cables, and any third party RGB SCART cables that carry the SCART switching signal. This problem can be alleviated by disabling standby mode, but leaving WiiConnect24 running. When the disc slot light glows, it can cause the Wii to get hot in standby mode. This is because the fan

330-423: A comb-like effect known as Hanover bars on larger phase errors. Thus, most receivers now use a chrominance analogue delay line , which stores the received colour information on each line of display; an average of the colour information from the previous line and the current line is then used to drive the picture tube . The effect is that phase errors result in saturation changes, which are less objectionable than

385-538: A delay line and suffering from the “ Hannover bars ” effect. An example of this solution is the Kuba Porta Color CK211P set. Another solution was to use a 1H analogue delay line to allow decoding of only the odd or even lines. For example, the chrominance on odd lines would be switched directly through to the decoder and also be stored in the delay line. Then, on even lines, the stored odd line would be decoded again. This method (known as 'gated NTSC')

440-474: A quasi-unique positive video modulation, system L) unless they are manufactured for the French market. They will correctly display plain (non-broadcast) CVBS or S-video SECAM signals. Many can also accept baseband NTSC-M, such as from a VCR or game console, and RF modulated NTSC with a PAL standard audio subcarrier (i.e., from a modulator), though not usually broadcast NTSC (as its 4.5 MHz audio subcarrier

495-658: A typical bandwidth of 1.3 MHz. Composite PAL signal = E ′ Y + E ′ U sin ⁡ ( ω t ) + E ′ V cos ⁡ ( ω t ) + {\displaystyle =E'{\scriptstyle {\text{Y}}}+E'{\scriptstyle {\text{U}}}\sin(\omega t)+E'{\scriptstyle {\text{V}}}\cos(\omega t)+} timing where ω = 2 π F S C {\displaystyle \omega =2\pi F_{SC}} . Subcarrier frequency F S C {\displaystyle F_{SC}}

550-465: Is 100% for white level, 30% for black, and 0% for sync. The CVBS electrical amplitude is Vpp 1.0  V and impedance of 75 Ω . The vertical timings are: (Total vertical sync time 1.6 ms) As PAL is interlaced, every two fields are summed to make a complete picture frame. PAL colorimetry, as defined by the ITU on REC-BT.470, and based on CIE 1931 x,y coordinates: The assumed display gamma

605-426: Is 4.43361875  MHz for PAL 4.43, compared to 3.579545 MHz for NTSC 3.58. The SECAM system, on the other hand, uses a frequency modulation scheme on its two line alternate colour subcarriers 4.25000 and 4.40625 MHz. The name "Phase Alternating Line" describes the way that the phase of part of the colour information on the video signal is reversed with each line, which automatically corrects phase errors in

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660-441: Is 4.43361875 MHz (±5 Hz) for PAL-B/D/G/H/I/N. The PAL colour system is usually used with a video format that has 625 lines per frame (576 visible lines, the rest being used for other information such as sync data and captioning) and a refresh rate of 50  interlaced fields per second (compatible with 25 full frames per second), such systems being B , G , H , I , and N (see broadcast television systems for

715-952: Is defined as 2.8. The PAL-M system uses color primary and gamma values similar to NTSC. Color is encoded using the YUV color space. Luma ( E ′ Y {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{Y}}}} ) is derived from red, green, and blue ( E ′ R , E ′ G , E ′ B {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{R}}},E'{\scriptstyle {\text{G}}},E'{\scriptstyle {\text{B}}}} ) gamma pre-corrected ( E ′ {\displaystyle E'} ) primary signals: E ′ U {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{U}}}} and E ′ V {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{V}}}} are used to transmit chrominance . Each has

770-526: Is not supported). Many sets also support NTSC with a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier (see PAL 60 on the next section). VHS tapes recorded from a PAL-N or a PAL-B/G, D/K, H, or I broadcast are indistinguishable because the downconverted subcarrier on the tape is the same. A VHS recorded off TV (or released) in Europe will play in colour on any PAL-N VCR and PAL-N TV in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Likewise, any tape recorded in Argentina, Paraguay or Uruguay off

825-519: Is often known as "PAL 60" (sometimes "PAL 60/525", "Quasi-PAL" or "Pseudo PAL"). PAL-M (a broadcast standard) however should not be confused with "PAL 60" (a video playback system—see below). PAL television receivers manufactured since the 1990s can typically decode all of the PAL variants except, in some cases PAL-M and PAL-N. Many such receivers can also receive Eastern European and Middle Eastern SECAM, though rarely French-broadcast SECAM (because France used

880-609: Is on. If the power button on the console is pressed and held down for three to four seconds, the Wii goes into standby mode with Standby Connect off. If the Wii is cut off from power and power is later restored, it goes into standby mode with Standby Connect mode off, and WiiConnect24 will not operate until the console is turned on. The Wii's optical drive will glow a neon-blue colour when Wii Message Board data has been received through WiiConnect24 in Standby Connect mode and, with firmware 3.0 and above, it will briefly flash when

935-513: Is only used on UHF. Although System I is used on both bands, it has only been used on UHF in the United Kingdom. The PAL-L (Phase Alternating Line with CCIR System L broadcast system) standard uses the same video system as PAL-B/G/H (625 lines, 50 Hz field rate, 15.625 kHz line rate), but with a larger 6 MHz video bandwidth rather than 5.5 MHz and moving the audio subcarrier to 6.5 MHz. An 8 MHz channel spacing

990-586: Is turned off while the console is in standby mode. On June 28, 2013, Nintendo discontinued all WiiConnect24 services. The Wii Shop Channel closed on January 30, 2019, and remaining video-on-demand services on Wii also ended on that date. List of Wii games using WiiConnect24 This is a list of games on the Wii video game console that use WiiConnect24 . WiiConnect24 games are distinguished from Wii Wi-Fi Connection games in that WiiConnect24 support only allows for passive connection between players, such as

1045-491: Is used for PAL-L, to maintain compatibility with System L channel spacings. The PAL-N standard was created in Argentina , through Resolution No. 100 ME/76, which determined the creation of a study commission for a national color standard. The commission recommended using PAL under CCIR System N that Paraguay and Uruguay also used. It employs the 625 line/50 field per second waveform of PAL-B/G, D/K, H, and I, but on

1100-541: Is used in conjunction with the 525 line, 60 field/s CCIR System M , using (very nearly) the NTSC colour subcarrier frequency. Exact colour subcarrier frequency of PAL-M is 3.575611 MHz, or 227.25 times System M's horizontal scan frequency. Almost all other countries using system M use NTSC. The PAL colour system (either baseband or with any RF system, with the normal 4.43 MHz subcarrier unlike PAL-M) can also be applied to an NTSC-like 525-line picture to form what

1155-402: The 625-line /50 Hz television system in general, to differentiate from the 525-line /60 Hz system generally used with NTSC. For example, DVDs were labelled as PAL or NTSC (referring to the line count and frame rate) even though technically the discs carry neither PAL nor NTSC encoded signal. These devices would still have analog outputs (ex; composite video output), and would convert

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1210-794: The Compagnie Générale de Télévision where Henri de France developed SECAM, the first European Standard for colour television. Thomson, now called Technicolour SA, also owns the RCA brand and licences it to other companies; Radio Corporation of America , the originator of that brand, created the NTSC colour TV standard before Thomson became involved. The Soviets developed two further systems, mixing concepts from PAL and SECAM, known as TRIPAL and NIIR, that never went beyond tests. In 1993, an evolution of PAL aimed to improve and enhance format by allowing 16:9 aspect ratio broadcasts, while remaining compatible with existing television receivers,

1265-713: The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch" the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage" ). The first broadcasts began in the United Kingdom in July 1967, followed by West Germany at the Berlin IFA on August 25. The BBC channel initially using

1320-907: The DS, during the night, to the Wii consoles in each household. Users would wake up each morning, find the LED lamp on their Wii flashing, and know that Nintendo has sent them something. They would then be able to download the promotional demo from their Wii systems to their Nintendo DS's." According to Nintendo's European micro-site for the Wii, WiiConnect24 could be used to send SMS messages "to family members that are out and about", and exchange pictures and messages with other Wii users. The following were Wii Menu channels that used WiiConnect24 that were released in North America: The Forecast Channel and News Channel required WiiConnect24 and Standby Connection to be enabled; if WiiConnect24

1375-645: The Japanese newspaper Nikkei Business Publications , Nintendo 's CEO, Satoru Iwata, revealed that the WiiConnect24 could be used for the downloading of demos for the Nintendo DS (this was later revealed to be the Nintendo Channel ). "Let's say your Wii is connected to the Internet in a mode that allows activation on a 24-hour basis. This would allow Nintendo to send monthly promotional demos for

1430-499: The Nintendo Network on April 8, 2024. In 2015 and 2020, fan-made services, called RiiConnect24 and WiiLink respectively, were established as a replacement for WiiConnect24, aiming to bring back WiiConnect24 to those who have a homebrewed Wii console. On December 29, 2023, RiiConnect24 and WiiLink combined to become one project and henceforth is simply known as WiiLink. Currently, WiiLink offers access to most services using

1485-558: The Wii U's Wii Mode menu and Wii Shop Channel, even prior to WiiConnect24's shutdown. On the shutdown date, the defunct downloadable Wii channels were removed from the Wii Shop Channel. WiiConnect24 was succeeded by SpotPass , a different trademark name for similar content-pushing functions that the Nintendo Network service could perform for the newer Nintendo 3DS and Wii U consoles. SpotPass shut down alongside

1540-403: The Wii uses about 9.6 watts, compared to 1.3 watts without WiiConnect24. WiiConnect24 can still be turned on or off via the setup interface. If it is on, the user is allowed to enable or disable Standby Connect mode. While the console is in standby, the power LED indicates the current status of the standby connection; red indicating Standby Connect is off and yellow indicating Standby Connect mode

1595-481: The alternating subcarrier phase to reduce phase errors, described as " PAL-D " for "delay", and " PAL-N " for "new" or " Chrominance Lock ". This excluded very basic PAL decoders that relied on the human eye to average out the odd/even line phase errors, and in the early 1970s some Japanese set manufacturers developed basic decoding systems to avoid paying royalties to Telefunken . These variations are known as " PAL-S " (for "simple" or "Volks-PAL"), operating without

1650-577: The analog colour system itself. In the 1950s, the Western European countries began plans to introduce colour television, and were faced with the problem that the NTSC standard demonstrated several weaknesses, including colour tone shifting under poor transmission conditions, which became a major issue considering Europe's geographical and weather-related particularities. To overcome NTSC's shortcomings, alternative standards were devised, resulting in

1705-399: The audio carrier frequency and channel bandwidths. The variants are: Systems B and G are similar. System B specifies 7 MHz channel bandwidth, while System G specifies 8 MHz channel bandwidth. Australia and China used Systems B and D respectively for VHF and UHF channels. Similarly, Systems D and K are similar except for the bands they use: System D is only used on VHF, while System K

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1760-451: The broadcast standard was BBC2 , which had been the first UK TV service to introduce "625-lines" during 1964. The Netherlands and Switzerland started PAL broadcasts by 1968, with Austria following the next year. Telefunken PALcolour 708T was the first PAL commercial TV set. It was followed by Loewe -Farbfernseher S 920 and F 900 . Telefunken was later bought by the French electronics manufacturer Thomson . Thomson also bought

1815-411: The colour carrier is a result of 283.75 colour clock cycles per line plus a 25 Hz offset to avoid interferences. Since the line frequency (number of lines per second) is 15625 Hz (625 lines × 50 Hz ÷ 2), the colour carrier frequency calculates as follows: 4.43361875 MHz = 283.75 × 15625 Hz + 25 Hz. The frequency 50 Hz is the optional refresh frequency of

1870-415: The colour decoder circuitry to distinguish the phase of the R − Y ′ {\displaystyle R-Y'} vector which reverses every line. For PAL-B/G the signal has these characteristics. (Total horizontal sync time 12.05 μs) After 0.9 μs a 2.25 ± 0.23 μs colourburst of 10 ± 1 cycles is sent. Most rise/fall times are in 250 ± 50  ns range. Amplitude

1925-697: The console is turned on. The brightness level of this blue light can be changed via the Setup Interface with the options of Bright, Dim, or Off. The flowing light on the Wii is timed with the bird call of the Japanese bush warbler . When game messages are received with pictures, the player can view and customise them in the Photo Channel. The player would also be able to send them to other Wii consoles. Nintendo would also send messages to players, which they could opt out of. During an interview with

1980-605: The development of the PAL and SECAM standards. The goal was to provide a colour TV standard for the European picture frequency of 50  fields per second (50  hertz ), and finding a way to eliminate the problems with NTSC. PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany , with important input from Gerhard Mahler  [ de ] . The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of

2035-508: The digital signals ( 576i or 480i ) to the analog standards to assure compatibility. CCIR 625/50 and EIA 525/60 are the proper names for these (line count and field rate) standards; PAL and NTSC on the other hand are methods of encoding colour information in the signal. "PAL-D", "PAL-N", "PAL-H" and "PAL-K" designations on this section describe PAL decoding methods and are unrelated to broadcast systems with similar names. The Telefunken licence covered any decoding method that relied on

2090-433: The equivalent hue changes of NTSC. A minor drawback is that the vertical colour resolution is poorer than the NTSC system's, but since the human eye also has a colour resolution that is much lower than its brightness resolution, this effect is not visible. In any case, NTSC, PAL, and SECAM all have chrominance bandwidth (horizontal colour detail) reduced greatly compared to the luma signal. The 4.43361875 MHz frequency of

2145-427: The following game titles remain virtually playable, but their online connectivity and functionality that requires use of WiiConnect24 are rendered defunct after the ending of the WiiConnect24 service. PAL Phase Alternating Line ( PAL ) is a colour encoding system for analog television . It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM . In most countries it

2200-547: The functionality, as well as sending messages to other users in the Wii Message Board. WiiConnect24 was used to receive content such as Wii Message Board messages sent from other Wii consoles, Miis , emails , updated channel and game content, and notifications of software updates. If the Standby Connect mode of WiiConnect24 is enabled, this content can also be received when the Wii is left in standby mode. While running in standby mode with Standby Connection enabled,

2255-432: The monitor to be able to create an illusion of motion, while 625 lines means the vertical lines or resolution that the PAL system supports. The original colour carrier is required by the colour decoder to recreate the colour difference signals. Since the carrier is not transmitted with the video information it has to be generated locally in the receiver. In order that the phase of this locally generated signal can match

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2310-400: The monochrome luma signal, with the three RGB colour channels mixed down onto two, U {\displaystyle U} and V {\displaystyle V} . Like NTSC, PAL uses a quadrature amplitude modulated subcarrier carrying the chrominance information added to the luma video signal to form a composite video baseband signal. The frequency of this subcarrier

2365-529: The monochrome image) are transmitted together as one signal. A latter evolution of the standard, PALplus , added support for widescreen broadcasts with no loss of vertical image resolution , while retaining compatibility with existing sets. Almost all of the countries using PAL are currently in the process of conversion , or have already converted transmission standards to DVB , ISDB or DTMB . The PAL designation continues to be used in some non-broadcast contexts, especially regarding console video games . PAL

2420-518: The name "PAL" might be used to refer to digital formats, even though they use completely different colour encoding systems. For instance, 576i (576 interlaced lines) digital video with colour encoded as YCbCr , intended to be backward compatible and easily displayed on legacy PAL devices, is usually mentioned as "PAL" (eg: "PAL DVD"). Likewise, video game consoles outputting a 50 Hz signal might be labeled as "PAL", as opposed to 60 Hz on NTSC machines. These designations should not be confused with

2475-514: The same, resulting in the different sound carrier. Instead, other European countries have changed completely from SECAM-D/K to PAL-B/G. The PAL-N system has a different sound carrier, and also a different colour subcarrier, and decoding on incompatible PAL systems results in a black-and-white image without sound. The PAL-M system has a different sound carrier and a different colour subcarrier, and does not use 625 lines or 50 frames/second. This would result in no video or audio at all when viewing

2530-562: The sharing of credits in Metroid Prime 3: Corruption or Metroid Prime: Trilogy . Some games support both active connectivity with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection (requiring an independent 12-digit Friend Code), as well as passive connectivity with WiiConnect24 (only needing the Wii's own 16-digit Friend Code), such as Mario Kart Wii . After Nintendo's termination of the WiiConnect24 service on June 28, 2013,

2585-549: The technical details of each format). This ensures video interoperability. However, as some of these standards ( B/G/H , I and D/K ) use different sound carriers (5.5 MHz, 6.0 MHz and 6.5 MHz respectively), it may result in a video image without audio when viewing a signal broadcast over the air or cable. Some countries in Eastern Europe which formerly used SECAM with systems D and K have switched to PAL while leaving other aspects of their video system

2640-405: The transmission of the signal by cancelling them out, at the expense of vertical frame colour resolution. Lines where the colour phase is reversed compared to NTSC are often called PAL or phase-alternation lines, which justifies one of the expansions of the acronym, while the other lines are called NTSC lines. Early PAL receivers relied on the human eye to do that cancelling; however, this resulted in

2695-412: The transmitted information, a 10 cycle burst of colour subcarrier is added to the video signal shortly after the line sync pulse, but before the picture information, during the so-called back porch . This colour burst is not actually in phase with the original colour subcarrier, but leads it by 45 degrees on the odd lines and lags it by 45 degrees on the even lines. This swinging burst enables

2750-484: Was adopted by Sony on their 1970s Trinitron sets ( KV-1300UB to KV-1330UB ), and came in two versions: " PAL-H " and " PAL-K " (averaging over multiple lines). It effectively treated PAL as NTSC, suffering from hue errors and other problems inherent in NTSC and required the addition of a manual hue control. Most PAL systems encode the colour information using a variant of the Y'UV colour space. Y ′ {\displaystyle Y'} comprises

2805-605: Was adopted by most European countries, by several African countries, by Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , and by most of Asia Pacific (including the Middle East and South Asia) . Countries in those regions that did not adopt PAL were France , Francophone Africa, several ex- Soviet states, Japan , South Korea , Liberia , Myanmar , the Philippines , and Taiwan . With the introduction of home video releases and later digital sources (e.g. DVD-Video ),

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2860-411: Was broadcast at 625 lines , 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B , D , G , H , I or K . The articles on analog broadcast television systems further describe frame rates , image resolution , and audio modulation. PAL video is composite video because luminance (luma, monochrome image) and chrominance (chroma, colour applied to

2915-480: Was enabled and Standby Connection was disabled, the channels would give an error message upon launch and return the user to the Wii Menu. This was required so the channels could download up-to-date information. The initial firmware update caused some parts of the console to be inaccessible to a small portion of people who purchased the Wii at launch. Those Wii consoles received constant error codes. For those users it

2970-536: Was introduced. Named PALplus , it was defined by ITU recommendation BT.1197-1. It was developed at the University of Dortmund in Germany , in cooperation with German terrestrial broadcasters and European and Japanese manufacturers. Adoption was limited to European countries. With the introduction of digital broadcasts and signal sources (ex: DVDs , game consoles), the term PAL was used imprecisely to refer to

3025-454: Was necessary to contact Nintendo's customer service to replace or repair the console. In some countries, trying to connect to WiiConnect24 displayed a screen stating that the service "is currently not being offered". This could be circumvented by selecting a different country as a location. It is currently unknown what the actual availability map of the service was. The PAL versions of the Wii connected with RGB SCART cables continue to send

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