Misplaced Pages

#811188

69-695: Wild Boys is an Australian television period drama series that began airing on the Seven Network on 4 September 2011. It is produced by Julie McGauran and Sarah Smith from Southern Star and John Holmes. The series is set in and around the fictional town of Hopetoun and principally filmed in Wilberforce on the Hawkesbury , Nelson , and Glenworth Valley on the New South Wales Central Coast . The series premiered in

138-557: A Melbourne tram leaving the depot for its early morning run, which caused some controversy as people felt that it was not a very exciting image of Australia. By 1970 as many as thirty-one programs were received via this manner. GTV-9 in Melbourne broke records in 1969 for the world's longest scheduled live telecast with its coverage of the Apollo 11 Moon landing , running for 163 hours, a record which has since been beaten. Even though

207-594: A diversion and saves them. Hence the boys decide to give him a part of their earnings and he decides to go try his luck with the Gold Rush and heads off away from town as it is now unsafe to return. Emelia is informed by Francis that Conrad has been killed and she is distraught and knows that Francis accused him due to his anger that she rejected him. However Conrad later visits her before departure and they both admit their feelings for each other and Conrad tells her that he will return for her and will try and strike it rich at

276-939: A few years, and the absence of local production quotas for TV in this formative period compounded the problem. Faced with almost unbeatable competition from American-made programming, local technical and creative professionals in radio were unable to make the transition to the new medium, as many of their American and British counterparts had done when TV was introduced there. Those Australian producers who did try to break into TV faced almost insurmountable challenges. Imported American and British programs benefited from high budgets, an international talent pool, and huge economies of scale, thanks to their very large domestic markets (relative to Australia), established worldwide distribution networks; additionally, since most American production houses and networks were based in Los Angeles, they had access to resources and expertise built up over decades by

345-537: A focus the radio network developed in the 1970s as a way to recapture audience from television. In Australia, the aptly named A Current Affair developed by the Nine Network in the 1970s focuses on community issues not usually discussed by major news bulletins. Recurring stories include: hoons , dodgy tradies , neighbours from hell, and corruption. They also run numerous stories about local legends as well as various lifestyle tips. Today Tonight produced by

414-545: A group of ex-network executives pooled together to create Video-Tape Corporation (VTC) in East Roseville. This was to be the first end-to-end 'fully electronic' (no film) colour video facility in the region, intended to be up and running with studios, audio, OB and post-production facilities to feed the emerging colour broadcast industry. To accommodate producers and film aesthetics, VTC also installed comprehensive 'film-to-tape' (telecine) capabilities as they grew. However

483-538: A local politician, and featured many people appearing on camera – singing, playing instruments, and giving demonstrations of cooking, sport, and magic tricks. Buoyed by the success of these tests, in March 1950, the Astor Radio Corporation embarked upon a tour of 200 regional towns with a mobile broadcast unit, giving a series of 45-minute demonstration programs, allowing local performers and members of

552-535: A minimum of analysis. It is also different from the news magazine show format in that the events are discussed immediately. The UK's BBC programmes such as This World , Panorama , Real Story , BBC Scotland Investigates , Spotlight , Week In Week Out , and Inside Out fit the definition. In Canada, CBC Radio produces a number of current affairs show both nationally such as The Current and As It Happens as well as regionally with morning current affairs shows such as Information Morning ,

621-606: A minor component of the larger system. In June 1948, the Australian Labor Government under Ben Chifley , opted to follow the British model, on the advice from the Postmaster-General's Department . It decided to establish a government-controlled TV station in each capital city and called for tenders for the building of the six TV transmitters. The Broadcasting Act 1948 specifically prohibited

690-473: A sequence of popular and influential local pop shows including The Go!! Show and Kommotion (1964–1967), Uptight (1968–70) and Happening '70 and its successors (1970–1972). The establishment of the Sydney–Melbourne co-axial cable link between Sydney and Melbourne in 1962 marked the first step in the establishment of effective national networking for Australian TV stations. The cable-supported

759-440: Is usually at heads with the morals of Jack and Dan) assists them but lets his identity slip. One of the victims of this robbery is the new Police Superintendent of Hopetoun, Francis Fuller and he wants to kill Jack and Dan at any cost. Jack returns to the town and stays at the inn owned and run by Mary Barrett with whom he has a relationship. Mary however is angry at Jack as he hasn't been back for about three months. Fuller searches

SECTION 10

#1732797550812

828-599: The Fairfax newspaper group controlled ATN-7 in Sydney. In the view of some media historians, these arrangements established a pattern of "high-level political allegiances between commercial broadcasters and Liberal-National Party governments" and that, as a result, the ABCB "was left very weak and uncertain in its capacity to control broadcaster conduct and exhibited strong symptoms of regulatory capture , or over-identification with

897-629: The Menzies Government formally announced the introduction of the new two-tiered TV system—a government-funded service run by the ABC, and two commercial services in Sydney and Melbourne , with the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne being a major driving force behind the introduction of television to Australia. TCN-9 Sydney began test transmissions on 16 September 1956 and officially commenced broadcasting on 27 October. HSV7 Melbourne became

966-733: The NSWRFL grand final became the first football grand final of any code to be televised live in Australia. The Nine Network had paid $ 5,000 for the broadcasting rights. That same year, ATV-0 telecast the Pakenham races in colour under the supervision of the Broadcasting Control Board. The first fully equipped – permanent – colour studios and post-production facilities were set up in 1969 at Video Tape Corporation in Sydney (VTC), by executives that decamped from TEN. Although

1035-532: The Nine Network 's Here's Humphrey , which both premiered in 1966. Veteran actor-producer John McCallum and filmmaker Lee Robinson created the children's adventure series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo which premiered in 1968 on the Nine Network. At a reported cost of A$ 6000 per episode it was said to have been the most expensive Australian TV series yet produced up to that time (by comparison,

1104-588: The Postmaster-General's Department . The ABC, as an independent government authority, was not subject to the regulation of the ABCB and instead answered directly to the Postmaster-General and ultimately to the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs (a situation that provoked bitter complaints from commercial radio in the mid-1970s when the ABC established its controversial youth station Double Jay ). In 1954,

1173-531: The Radiovision system by Gilbert Miles and Donald McDonald, and later from other locations, such as Brisbane in 1934. Mainstream television was launched on 16 September 1956 in Willoughby, New South Wales , with Nine Network station TCN-9 Sydney. The new medium was introduced by advertising executive Bruce Gyngell with the words "Good evening, and welcome to television", and has since seen

1242-548: The Seven Network from 1995 to 2019 was also similar in format, covering stories comparable to that of ACA. Additionally, newspapers such as the Private Eye , The Economist , Monocle , The Spectator , The Week , The Oldie , Investors Chronicle , Prospect , MoneyWeek , New Statesman , Time , Fortune , BBC History Magazine , and History Today are all sometimes referred to as current affairs magazines. This journalism -related article

1311-555: The Wickham Terrace Observatory Tower . The programs included news headlines, still pictures and silent movies such as the temperance film Horrors of Drink . The Commonwealth Government granted a special licence and permission to conduct experimental television by VK4CM, in July 1934. By 1935, it expanded to 180 lines. Other experimental transmissions followed in other cities. Television commenced in

1380-578: The ABC-only broadcast programs for a few hours each day and broadcast the test pattern for the rest of the time they were on air. Broadcast times were gradually increased over succeeding decades, although ABC did not commence 24-hour broadcasting until 1993. The TV series The Adventures of Long John Silver was made in the Pagewood Studios, Sydney, for the American and British market; it

1449-632: The European PAL standard mandated in 1968. The slogan used to sell colour television to the Australian public was 'March first into colour'. Australia was to have one of the fastest change-overs to colour television in the world – by 1978 over 64% of households in Sydney and Melbourne had colour television sets. Government subsidies provided for the production of local series led to a boom in Australian-produced content. Some of

SECTION 20

#1732797550812

1518-507: The Hollywood movie studios. These disadvantages were further exacerbated by the fact that American producers and networks offered Australian channels significant discount rates on bundled programming. Taken as a whole, these factors meant that local producers were faced with a relative production-cost ratio on the order of 10:1 or more in favour of the imported product. Some sense of the scale of this "resource gap" can be gained by comparing

1587-826: The Internet. In 1885, Henry Sutton developed a Telephane for closed circuit transmission of pictures via telegraph wires, based on the Nipkow spinning disk system, so that the Melbourne Cup could be seen in Ballarat . Reports differ on whether the Telephane was successfully implemented. The first television broadcast in Australia took place on 30 September 1929 at the Menzies Hotel in Melbourne , using

1656-600: The Pacific from North America to Australia took place on 6 June 1967 when "Australia Day" at Expo 67 in Montreal was broadcast live to Australia via a US satellite link. Prime Minister Harold Holt officially opened the Australian pavilion and visitors watched events including boomerang throwing, sheep-dog trials, wood chopping contests and tennis matches with members of the Australian Davis Cup team. In

1725-503: The UK on TCM UK on 3 March 2013. The series was not renewed for a second season due to low viewership. The pilot episode establishes the character of Jack Keenan and his friend Dan Sinclair, bushrangers in 1860s' colonial New South Wales . Their robberies target those travelling by horse and cart as they usually carry with them a large amount of valuables. One such robbery attempt proves to be unsuccessful and another bushranger, Hogan, (who

1794-482: The USA. Winners of the first nationally shown TV Week Logie Awards included In Melbourne Tonight host Graham Kennedy – twice, Pick-a-box host Bob Dyer , Lorrae Desmond from ABC's The Lorrae Desmond Show , Four Corners reporter Michael Charlton , Bobby Limb , Jimmy Hannan , Gordon Chater , Brian Henderson and Hazel Phillips . Numerous television stations were launched, mainly concentrated around

1863-728: The United States and in the United Kingdom before World War II . The two countries developed radically different industry models, which were based on the models each used for radio broadcasting. British broadcasting was entirely controlled by the government-created broadcasting corporation, the BBC , which derived its revenue from compulsory viewer licence fees. The United States adopted a commercial model, based on privately owned stations and networks that earned revenue by charging for advertising time, with public broadcasting forming only

1932-609: The World War II-themed The Sullivans . Against the Wind , the first major mini-series produced for commercial television, was shown on the Seven Network . Later hospital drama The Young Doctors ran for 1396 episodes between 1976 and 1983, becoming at the time it ended Australia's longest-running drama series. Graham Kennedy returned to the Nine Network after his departure from In Melbourne Tonight with The Graham Kennedy Show in 1973, but

2001-406: The afternoon a variety concert, 'Pop goes Australia', featured musicians Normie Rowe , Bobby Limb , Rolf Harris and The Seekers . The entire 10-hour program was televised live and several hundred thousand people across Australia sat up through the night to watch it. One newspaper reported that the picture was so clear that hundreds of viewers rang a Sydney television station to seek assurance that

2070-560: The audience), the rural soap opera Bellbird on the ABC (1967), and for interstate viewers Graham Kennedy 's In Melbourne Tonight or the Graham Kennedy Channel Nine Show . In addition to these, many programs still seen today were launched at this time including the ABC 's acclaimed current affairs program Four Corners (1961) and Play School – now the country's longest-running children's show—as well as

2139-413: The budgets of contemporary American and Australian TV programs. The pilot of the 1967 satirical sketch comedy series Laugh-In reportedly cost about US$ 200,000. At the top end of the scale, in 1966 Desilu Studios spent almost US$ 1 million on the two pilot episodes for the renowned science fiction series Star Trek – the first pilot "The Cage" (which was rejected by NBC ) cost more than US$ 600,000 and

Wild Boys - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-537: The commercial sector. As a result, Australian TV was soon dominated by material imported from the United States and (to a far smaller extent) Great Britain. In this period nearly every TV drama screened in Australia came from the US and the few programs that were made locally were almost all produced by the ABC. In other formats, the few locally produced programs made by or for commercial stations were typically low-cost copies of proven American talk/variety or quiz show formats. By

2277-433: The decade the ABC expanded transmissions to several major centres including Adelaide, Perth, Hobart , and Canberra . Beginning in 1964, the federal government tried to address concerns about competition and local production by licensing a third station in major cities, beginning with Channel 0 in Melbourne and Channel 10 in Sydney. More third-licence stations were established in other capitals and regional cities over

2346-490: The dominance of imported American and British programming continued, local production gradually increased in the 1960s and several important new Australian programs were launched. Crawford Productions ' Melbourne-based police drama Homicide premiered on 20 October 1964 on HSV-7 , soon followed on 11 November by the ATN-7 satirical sketch comedy series The Mavis Bramston Show (which at its peak drew an unprecedented 59% of

2415-575: The early 1960s, at least 80% of all Australian TV content was sourced from the US and not surprisingly American programs consistently topped the ratings. These changes led to a significant concentration of cross-media ownership. By 1960, the Packer family's Consolidated Press group controlled Channels 9 in Melbourne and Sydney (the flagship stations that formed the basis of the Nine Network), Melbourne's Herald and Weekly Times group owned HSV-7, and

2484-569: The electro-mechanical Radiovision system. Other transmissions took place in the city over the next few weeks. Also in 1929, the Baird system was used on 3DB, 3UZ and 2UE. After 18 months of test transmissions, regular broadcasts began in Brisbane on 6 May 1934 using a 30-line system, to an estimated 18 receivers around Brisbane. The test transmissions, which were of 1-hour duration each day, were made by Thomas M. B. Elliott and Dr Val McDowall from

2553-678: The first being Gippsland 's GLV-10 followed by Shepparton 's GMV-6 and Bendigo 's BCV-8 . NBN-3 in Newcastle was the first regional service in New South Wales commencing broadcast in 1962. While the first television services were being established in regional areas, larger cities including Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide , and Perth began to receive their second and, in the mid-1960s, third stations. In order to reduce costs, networks began to merge – originally in 1957 between HSV-7 and TCN-9 , but later between almost all

2622-411: The first series of Star Trek reportedly cost around US$ 200,000 per episode). Although Australian TV was still in black-and-white at the time, Skippy was filmed in colour with a view to overseas sales and it was the first Australian-made series to achieve significant international success, with sales to more than 80 countries worldwide, and it became the first Australian TV show to be widely screened in

2691-565: The first television station to broadcast to viewers in Melbourne on 4 November, soon followed by ABV-2 then GTV9 on 19 January 1957. Sydney station ABN-2 also started broadcasting in November. All of these stations were operational in time for the 1956 Melbourne Summer Olympics opening ceremony, on 22 November 1956. ATN-7 started in December. An interview with Mrs Edna Everage (a comic creation of performing artist Barry Humphries )

2760-599: The gold mines. Dan too decides to take a break for a few days and meet up later with Jack. Jack heads off to another family house who offer him a place to stay and a warm meal however later that night he hears screaming only to see the head of the family killed and as he walks out to take a look he is shot and knocked out by a masked figure. Television in Australia Television in Australia began experimentally as early as 1929 in Melbourne with radio stations 3DB and 3UZ , and 2UE in Sydney , using

2829-585: The granting of commercial TV licences, a decision that the Liberal-Country Party opposition criticised as "authoritarian and socialistic". This policy was never put into practice, however, because the Labor government did not have the opportunity to establish the TV network before it was defeated in December 1949. The incoming Robert Menzies -led Liberal-Country Party coalition, which was to hold power for

Wild Boys - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-673: The industry it regulated". In 1963, the Senate Select Committee on the Encouragement of Australian Productions for Television, chaired by Senator Seddon Vincent (known as the Vincent Committee) presented its report to federal parliament and its findings painted a bleak picture for local producers—the Committee found that 97% percent of all television drama shown on Australian TV between 1956 and 1963

2967-550: The initial commercial TV licences to established print media proprietors, with the expectation that these companies would, if necessary, be able to subsidize the new TV stations from their existing (and highly profitable) press operations. Meanwhile, in 1949, the first large-scale public demonstrations of the medium took place when the Shell company sponsored a series of closed-circuit broadcasts in capital cities produced by Frank Cave. These broadcasts were elaborate, usually opened by

3036-476: The kinescope film of the actual September 1956 broadcast was lost and the footage that exists today is a considerably more polished re-enactment, made a year later. Most programs in this early period were based on popular radio formats—musical variety and quiz formats were the most popular. In the first decade after the first TV licences were granted, the federal government and the ABCB did not act to enforce local content quotas, and such measures were resisted by

3105-419: The majority of locally produced content was broadcast live-to-air. Very little local programming from these first few years of Australian TV broadcasting was recorded and in the intervening years, the majority of that material has since been lost or destroyed. Even the footage of the 'first' Australian TV broadcast with Bruce Gyngell on Channel 9, Sydney (see image above) is a fabrication—according to Gerald Stone

3174-511: The mayor's daughter has feelings for Conrad and Fuller too likes her. When the three men realise that they are about to be killed, they escape from the cart, hijack the horses and ride off. In order to pay for new guns they decide to rob the Hopetoun police station of the police payroll. Conrad refuses to help them claiming that he is not a bushranger and will not take part in criminal activities but when he sees that they are in trouble he creates

3243-535: The metropolitan stations of a certain frequency. This led to the formation of the National Television Network (forerunner to the Nine Network ) and Australian Television Network (later known as the Seven Network ) in 1962. Not all stations became a part of their respective networks – TVW-7 in Perth remained independent for a number of years as the sole commercial station in the city. Throughout

3312-411: The most popular series included Crawford Productions police dramas Homicide , Division 4 which started during the 1960s and Matlock Police which began in 1971; variety series Young Talent Time ; comedy/variety series Hey Hey It's Saturday , which ran for 28 years until 1999, music show Countdown ; soap operas Bellbird which had started in late 1967, Number 96 and The Box , and

3381-429: The networks and government were locked in their own battles, and despite being ready for full-colour operation from around 1971, VTC was hobbled until 1973–74 before the content would ever reach "the masses". Around that same time, Royce Smeale/ECV arrived to offer a complementary service with more emphasis on production and OB services. In 1972 it was announced that all stations would move to colour on 1 March 1975, using

3450-406: The next 23 years, changed the industry structure by also permitting the establishment of American-style commercial stations. The economic situation at the time that TV was established in Australia exerted a pivotal influence on the foundation and subsequent history of the industry. When the decision was made to go ahead with granting the first licences for broadcast TV in the early 1950s, Australia

3519-490: The next few years and by the late Sixties these stations joined forces to create Australia's third commercial network, originally known as the Independent Television System (ITS), then later changed to the 0–10 Network, and now called Network 10 . Channel 0 in Melbourne took an early lead in catering to teenage viewers and quickly became the preeminent network in pop music programming, commissioning

SECTION 50

#1732797550812

3588-610: The northern and western parts of Australia – Darwin , for example, did not receive television until ABD-6 and NTD-8 launched in 1971. Similarly, VEW-8 launched in Kalgoorlie on 18 June 1971, and ITQ-8 launched in Mount Isa on 11 September 1971. The youngest network, the 0/10 Network , as it was then known, launched the controversial sex-melodrama serial Number 96 in March 1972. The success of this program led to this third network becoming commercially viable. In 1969,

3657-493: The output was hobbled to monochrome until 1974, many original long and short-form productions were completed over the years until its closure and eventual absorption into other companies in the late 1980s. Test broadcasting of colour began in the late 1960s. The full changeover to colour transmission did not occur until 1975. Following the new medium's establishment in most major metropolitan and regional centres, television continued to expand to remote areas, most notably those in

3726-566: The pictures really were being broadcast live from Canada. Two weeks later, on 25 June 1967, Australia participated in the historic "Our World" broadcast, the first live global satellite television hookup involving fourteen countries. The event is now chiefly remembered for the participation of The Beatles , who performed their new song " All You Need Is Love " live from the Abbey Road Studios in London. Australia's contribution showed

3795-546: The public to appear on camera. In January 1953, in response to increasing pressure from the commercial lobby, the Menzies government amended the Broadcasting Act 1948 to allow for the granting of commercial licences, thus providing the legislative framework for a dual system of TV ownership. This structure was directly modeled on the long-established two-tiered structure of Australian broadcast radio—one tier being

3864-465: The set for the bridge of the Enterprise alone reportedly cost US$ 60,000; the second pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before" cost around US$ 300,000. By comparison, the budget for the pilot episode of the 1964 Australian topical revue series The Mavis Bramston Show was just AU£1500. Adjusted for inflation, this was around A$ 3500 in 1967 figures; given that US–Australian dollar exchange rate in 1967

3933-650: The shorter-lived programs, including the ABC 's Six O'Clock Rock , hosted by Johnny O'Keefe . The first Australian serial drama, Autumn Affair , ran for a 10-month run on ATN-7 . Programming also covered religion; for example, Discovering the Bible . Several programs in the 1950s were simply adaptations of already established radio programs such as Pick a Box . The 1960s saw the continued growth of television in Australia, particularly into regional areas. The first regional TV services began in Victoria in 1961 with

4002-432: The simultaneous live broadcast of the 5th test of the 1962–63 Ashes series to Sydney, Canberra, and Melbourne – a major milestone in Australian television history. The introduction of satellite broadcasting in the late 1960s allowed news stories and programs to be accessed from around the world. The first live satellite transmission occurred between Australia and the United Kingdom in 1966. The first direct telecast across

4071-454: The southern and eastern parts of the country. By the turn of the decade, the takeup of television had increased dramatically – by 1960 up to 70% of homes in Sydney and Melbourne had a television set. Following its introduction to regional centres and other capital cities through the late 1950s and 1960s over 90% of Australian homes in established markets had a television set. The new medium had also become highly lucrative to advertisers. In 1967

4140-684: The stations in a new national, government-funded TV network run by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) , and the other tier being privately owned commercial stations that drew their income from advertising revenue. Commercial TV licences were nominally overseen by the Australian Broadcasting Control Board (ABCB), a government agency responsible for the regulation of broadcasting standards and practices, while technical standards (such as broadcast frequencies) were administered by

4209-432: The town for Jack and Dan and almost catches them at the inn, but does catch and kills Hogan who he recognised from the robbery. Fuller ambushes Jack and Dan on another robbery attempt and they are captured. On the way to their trial at court Fuller plans to kill Jack, Dan and an innocent farrier Conrad Fischer who is arrested under the pretence that he stole a horse. He wishes to eliminate Conrad as he knows that Emelia Fife,

SECTION 60

#1732797550812

4278-521: The transition to colour and digital television . Local programs, over the years, have included a broad range of comedy , sport, and in particular drama series, in addition to news and current affairs . The industry is regulated by the Australian Communications and Media Authority , through various legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice, which also regulates radio and in recent years has attempted to regulate

4347-486: Was A$ 1.00 = US$ 1.12, this still would have only equated to around US$ 4,000—50 times less than Laugh-In . Although by the end of the 1950s television had expanded to also include Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , it was estimated that in 1956 less than 5% of the residents in Melbourne, and fewer than 1% in Sydney, owned a television set, which at the time cost, on average, six to ten weeks' wages. During these early years, broadcast days were very short—all stations including

4416-680: Was banned from appearing on television in 1975 after an infamous 'crow-call' incident. Kennedy subsequently returned in 1977 as the host of Blankety Blanks . In 1979, commercial stations were mandated to provide 'C'-classified programming targeted at children between 4-5pm, and a minimum of 30 minutes of pre-school programming prior to that. These regulations saw the establishment of a number of children's series including Simon Townsend's Wonder World and Shirl's Neighbourhood . Current affairs (news format) This differs from regular news broadcasts that place emphasis on news reports presented for simple presentation as soon as possible, often with

4485-492: Was imported from the United States, and it criticised the ABCB for failing to use its powers to enforce local content standards on television broadcasters, particularly the commercial stations. The Vincent Report recommended a sweeping program of reforms but none were implemented by the Menzies Government at that time. The advent of TV effectively destroyed Australia's once thriving radio production industry within

4554-428: Was in a recession, with severe shortages of labour and materials and an underdeveloped heavy industrial base, and in this context TV was seen as a drain away from more fundamental projects. The Menzies government was concerned about the long-term viability of the new industry and worried that it might be called on to bail out struggling stations and networks if the economy deteriorated. Consequently, it decided to grant

4623-442: Was one of the programmes screened on HSV-7 's first day of programming in 1956. The character went on to great success in the United Kingdom and later, the United States. Videotape technology was still in its infancy when Australian television was launched in 1956 and video recorders did not become widely available to Australian TV stations until the 1960s. For the first few years, the only available method for capturing TV programs

4692-428: Was shown on the ABC in 1958. Local content was limited to talk shows, variety shows, and news & current affairs. Notable programs of the 1950s included TCN-9 's long-running music variety program Bandstand , (based on the US version of the same name) hosted by radio presenter and future newsreader Brian Henderson ; HSV-7 's weekly sport program, (that would broadcast for the next 28 years) World of Sport ; and

4761-476: Was the kinescope process, in which a fixed movie camera filmed broadcasts screened on a specially adjusted TV monitor. Similarly, the playback of pre-recorded programs to air was only possible at this stage through the telecine process, in which films or kinescoped TV recordings were played back on a movie screen which was monitored by a TV camera. Because of these limitations, it was relatively difficult and expensive to record and distribute local programming, so

#811188