37-1387: William Montagu may refer to: William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu (c. 1285–1319), English peer, soldier and courtier William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1301–1344), English nobleman William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328–1397) William Montagu, 2nd Duke of Manchester (1700–1739) William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester (1771–1843), British peer, soldier, colonial administrator and politician William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester (1823–1890), British peer and Member of Parliament William Montagu, 9th Duke of Manchester (1877–1947), British peer and politician William Montagu (younger) (1652–1691), English MP for Midhurst and Stockbridge , imprisoned for debt William Montagu (judge) (1618–1706), British judge William Montagu (MP) (c. 1720–1757), British politician for Huntingdonshire and Bossiney William Augustus Montagu (c. 1785–1852), British military officer William Augustus Montagu (MP) (1752–1776), British politician William Montagu Manning (1811–1895), Australian politician See also [ edit ] William Pepperell Montague (1873–1953), philosopher William Montacute (disambiguation) Montagu Williams (1835–1892), English teacher, soldier, playwright, barrister and magistrate [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
74-1142: A factor which delayed his reconciliation with the King". In about 1292 he married Elizabeth de Montfort (died August 1354), daughter of Peter de Montfort (died before 4 March 1287) (son of Peter de Montfort of Beaudesert Castle by Alice Audley ) by his wife Maud de la Mare, daughter and heiress of Sir Henry de la Mare (died 1257), of Ashtead , Surrey , Hinton (in Hurst ), Diddenham (in Shinfield ), Farley Hill , and Sheepbridge (in Swallowfield ), Berkshire , Justice and Seneschal to William Longespée, 2nd Earl of Salisbury , by his wife Joan Neville (daughter of Sir John Neville of Essex by his wife Hawise de Courtenay, daughter of Robert de Courtenay (died 1242), feudal baron of Okehampton in Devon ]). Elizabeth de Montfort survived her husband and remarried to Sir Thomas Furnivall (d. before 18 April 1332) of Sheffield , who
111-585: A settlement. The Queen departed for France on 9 March 1325, and in September was joined by her son, the heir to the throne, Prince Edward (later Edward III of England). Isabella's negotiations were successful, and it was agreed that the young Prince Edward would perform homage in the king's place, which he did on 24 September and so the duchy was returned to the English crown. When France's Charles IV died in 1328 leaving only daughters, his nearest male relative
148-671: A significant role in the wars in Scotland and Wales, and was appointed steward of the household to Edward II. Perhaps as a result of the influence of his enemy, Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , Edward II sent him to Gascony as Seneschal in 1318. He died there in October of the following year. William Montagu was born in about 1275, the son and heir of Simon de Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu (d. 26 September 1316), by either his first wife, Hawise de St Amand (died 1287), daughter of Amaury de St Amand , or his second wife, Isabel, whose parentage
185-455: Is currently divided between the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (departments of Landes , Pyrénées-Atlantiques , southwestern Gironde , and southern Lot-et-Garonne ) and the region of Occitanie (departments of Gers , Hautes-Pyrénées , southwestern Tarn-et-Garonne , and western Haute-Garonne ). Gascony was historically inhabited by Basque -related people who appear to have spoken a language similar to Basque . The name Gascony comes from
222-429: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu ( c. 1275 – 18 October 1319) ( alias de Montagu, de Montacute , Latinized to de Monte Acuto ("from the sharp mountain")), was an English peer, and an eminent soldier and courtier during the reigns of Edward I and Edward II . He played
259-518: Is not proved and is not necessary to understand the historical evolution of this region". This Basque-related culture and race is, whatever the origin, attested in (mainly Carolingian) Medieval documents, while their exact boundaries remain unclear ("Wascones, qui trans Garonnam et circa Pirineum montem habitant" -- "Wascones, who live across the Garonne and around the Pyrenees mountains", as stated in
296-531: Is unknown. The Montagu family was of Norman origin, later prominent in the West Country of England. They held extensive lands in Somerset , Dorset and Devon . From his father's inquisition post mortem , he is known to have had two brothers, John Montagu and Simon Montagu. Montagu spent a great part of his life serving in the wars in Scotland, Wales and on the continent. He distinguished himself in
333-692: The First War of Scottish Independence , having been summoned for feudal military service in 1301 and placed in charge of shipping for the war in March 1303. In 1304, he was with King Edward I at the Siege of Stirling Castle . In the same year he and his uncle, Amaury de St Amand, were imprisoned in the Tower of London for an alleged offence for which he was soon acquitted. On 22 May 1306, he and others were knighted by King Edward I (1272–1307), together with
370-737: The Franks in 507, and fled into Spain and Septimania . Novempopulania then became part of the Frankish Kingdom like the rest of southern France. However, Novempopulania was far away from the home base of the Franks in northern France, and was only very loosely controlled by the Franks. During all the troubled and historically obscure period, starting from early 5th-century accounts, the bagaudae are often cited, social uprisings against tax exaction and feudalization, largely associated to Vasconic unrest. Old historical literature sometimes claims
407-712: The Pyrenees . In December 1259, Louis IX of France ceded to Henry land north and east of Gascony. In return, Henry renounced his claim to many of the territories that had been lost by King John . In May 1286, King Edward I paid homage before the new king, Philip IV of France , for the lands in Gascony. However, in May 1294, Philip confiscated the lands, initiating the Gascon War . Between 1294 and 1298, Edward sent three expeditionary forces to recover Gascony, but Philip
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#1732801014089444-536: The Roman Empire . Later, in 27 BC, during the reign of Emperor Augustus , the province of Gallia Aquitania was created. Gallia Aquitania was far larger than the original Aquitania, as it extended north of the Garonne, in fact all the way north to the river Loire , thus including the Celtic Gauls that inhabited the regions between the rivers Garonne and Loire. In 297, as Emperor Diocletian reformed
481-617: The Royal Frankish Annals , for one). The word Vasconia evolved into Wasconia , and then into Gasconia ( w often evolved into g under the influence of Romance languages ; cf. warranty and guarantee , warden and guardian , wile and guile , William and Guillaume ). The gradual abandonment of the Basque-related Aquitanian language in favor of a local Vulgar Latin was not reversed. The replacing local Vulgar Latin evolved into Gascon. It
518-457: The most powerful vassal in France . In 1248, Simon de Montfort was appointed Governor in the unsettled Duchy of Gascony. Bitter complaints were excited by de Montfort's rigour in suppressing the excesses of both the seigneurs of the nobility and the contending factions in the great communes . Henry III yielded to the outcry and instituted a formal inquiry into Simon's administration. Simon
555-663: The Basques took control of the whole of Novempopulania in the Early Middle Ages , founding its claims on the testimony of Gregory of Tours , on the etymological link between the words "Basque" and "Gascon" – both derived from "Vascones" or "Wasconia", the latter being used to name the whole of Novempopulania. Modern historians reject this hypothesis, which is sustained by no archeological evidence. For Juan José Larrea, and Pierre Bonnassie, "a Vascon expansionism in Aquitany
592-577: The Latin chapel. By his wife Montagu had four sons and seven daughters: Montagu died in Gascony on 18 October 1319. His place of burial is unknown. It may be at Bisham Priory . Montagu was succeeded by his second son, William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury , who was closely associated with King Edward III , and was created Earl of Salisbury . Gascony Gascony ( / ˈ ɡ æ s k ə n i / ; French : Gascogne [ɡaskɔɲ] )
629-655: The administrative structures of the Roman Empire, Aquitania was split into three provinces. The territory south of the Garonne River, corresponding to the original Aquitania, was made a province called Novempopulania (that is, "land of the nine tribes"), while the part of Gallia Aquitania north of the Garonne became the province of Aquitanica I and the province of Aquitanica II . The territory of Novempopulania corresponded mostly to that of modern Gascony. The Aquitania Novempopulana or Novempopulania suffered like
666-746: The end of the Ancien Régime in 1792. Gascony is limited by the Atlantic Ocean (western limit) and the Pyrenees mountains (southern limit); as the area of Gascon language , it extends to the Garonne (North), and close to the Ariège (river) (East) from the Pyrenees to the confluence of the Garonne with the Ariège . The other most important river is Adour, along with its tributaries Gave de Pau and Gave d'Oloron . The most important towns are: Bayonne , Dax and Tarbes are crossed by
703-515: The end of the Hundred Years' War, after Gascony had changed hands several times, the English were finally defeated at the Battle of Castillon on 17 July 1453; Gascony remained French from then on. From the 17th century onwards, the government of Gascony was united with Guyenne . The government of Guyenne and Gascony ( Guienne et Gascogne ), with its capital at Bordeaux, lasted until
740-566: The king's son the Prince of Wales and future King Edward II (1307–1327). In February 1307, he and his father served together in Scotland, and in 1309 he took part in the first tournament at Dunstable in which he bore the arms Argent , three fusils conjoined in fess gules , as recorded in the Dunstable Roll . In 1311, he was appointed to survey the defences of Hastings Castle and other castles, and on 29 September 1311
777-557: The nearest heir through male ancestry was Charles IV's first cousin, Philip, Count of Valois, and it was decided that he should be crowned Philip VI of France . Philip believed that Edward III was in breach of his obligations as vassal, so in May 1337 he met with his Great Council in Paris. It was agreed that Gascony should be taken back into Philip's hands, thus precipitating the Hundred Years War between England and France. At
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#1732801014089814-490: The play by Edmond Rostand . It is also home to Henry III of Navarre , who later became king of France as Henry IV . In pre-Roman times , the inhabitants of Gascony were the Aquitanians ( Latin : Aquitani ), who spoke a non-Indo-European language related to modern Basque. The Aquitanians inhabited a territory limited to the north and east by the river Garonne , to the south by the Pyrenees mountain range, and to
851-505: The political disintegration of the duchy until their defeat by William II Sánchez of Gascony in 982. In turn, the weakened ethnic polity known as Duchy of Wasconia/Wascones, unable to get around the general spread of feudalization, gave way to a myriad of counties founded by Gascon lords. The 1152 marriage of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine allowed the former to gain control of his new wife's possessions of Aquitaine and Gascony. This addition to his already plentiful holdings made Henry
888-645: The rest of the Western Roman Empire from the invasions of Germanic tribes, most notably the Vandals in 407–409. In 416–418, Novempopulania was delivered to the Visigoths as their federate settlement lands and became part of the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse , while other than the region of the Garonne river their actual grip on the area may have been rather loose. The Visigoths were defeated by
925-635: The same root as the word Basque (see Wasconia below). From the Middle Ages until today, the Gascon language has been spoken, although it is classified as a regional variant of the Occitan language . Gascony is the land of d'Artagnan , who inspired Alexandre Dumas 's character d'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers , as well as the land of Cyrano de Bergerac , the eponymous character of
962-409: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Montagu&oldid=1224036364 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
999-590: The west by the Atlantic Ocean. The Romans called this territory Aquitania, either from the Latin word aqua (meaning "water"), in reference to the many rivers flowing from the Pyrenees through the area, or from the name of the Aquitanian Ausci tribe, in which case Aquitania would mean "land of the Ausci". In the 50s BC, Aquitania was conquered by lieutenants of Julius Caesar and became part of
1036-544: Was Edward III of England, the son of Isabella, the sister of the dead king; but the question arose whether she could legally transmit the inheritance of the throne of France to her son even though she herself, as a woman, could not inherit the throne. The assemblies of the French barons and prelates and the University of Paris decided that males who derive their right to inheritance through their mother should be excluded. Thus
1073-590: Was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part of the combined Province of Guyenne and Gascony. The region is vaguely defined, and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; by some they are seen to overlap, while others consider Gascony a part of Guyenne. Most definitions put Gascony east and south of Bordeaux . It
1110-458: Was able to retain most of the territory until the Treaty of Paris in 1303 . In 1324 when Edward II of England , in his capacity as Duke of Aquitaine , failed to pay homage to the French king after a dispute , Charles IV declared the duchy forfeit at the end of June 1324, and military action by the French followed. Edward sent his wife Isabella , who was sister to the French king, to negotiate
1147-642: Was appointed Steward of the Household to King Edward II , a position which was accompanied by the grant, on 13 January 1317, of an annuity of 200 marks which he received until June 1317, when in lieu of the annuity the king granted him for life, as "King's Bachelor", several manors , including Gravesend in Kent and Kingsbury in Somerset . On 26 September 1317, the King granted him licence to crenellate his mansion house at Cassington in Oxfordshire. He
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1184-526: Was formally acquitted of the charges, but in August 1252 he was nevertheless dismissed. Henry then himself went to Gascony, pursuing a policy of conciliation; he arranged the marriage between Edward , his 14-year-old son, and Eleanor of Castile , daughter of Alfonso X . Alfonso renounced all claims to Gascony and assisted the Plantagenets against rebels such as Gaston de Bearn , who had taken control of
1221-537: Was heavily influenced by the original Aquitanian language (for example, Latin f became h ; cf. Latin fortia , French force , Spanish fuerza , Occitan fòrça , but Gascon hòrça ). Interestingly, the Basques from the French side of the Basque Country traditionally call anyone who does not speak Basque a "Gascon". Meanwhile, Viking raiders conquered several Gascon towns, among them Bayonne in 842–844. Their attacks in Gascony may have helped
1258-478: Was pardoned and fined £200 on 8 June 1322 for marrying her, a widow of a tenant-in-chief , without royal licence. Furnivall's son, Thomas Furnivall (d. October 1339), had married Joan de Verdun (d. 2 October 1334), widow of Elizabeth's eldest son, John Montagu. Elizabeth died in August 1354, and was buried in the Priory of St Frideswide, Oxford (now Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford ), where her tomb still exists in
1295-552: Was placed in charge of Berkhamstead Castle . In 1314 he was appointed Keeper of Berwick Castle . In May 1313, he attended King Edward II and his wife Isabella of France when they travelled to France to pay a state visit to King Philip IV , and in the same year and in 1314 served again in Scotland. In February 1316 he played a leading part in suppressing a rebellion in Glamorgan by Llywelyn Bren (died 1318), and, in July 1316,
1332-446: Was sent to Bristol to settle grievances between the town's burgesses and Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (died 1322), Constable of Bristol Castle . In reward for his services, in August 1316, he was granted the marriage of the king's ward Joan de Verdun, daughter and heiress of Theobald de Verdun, whom he married-off the following year to his younger son, John Montagu (d. August 1317). In November 1316, he
1369-516: Was summoned by writ to Parliament on 20 November 1317, where he was one of the majores barones in the king's party. In August 1318 he was appointed Keeper of Abingdon Abbey . However, on 20 November 1318, Edward II sent him to Gascony as Seneschal , and he was replaced as Steward of the Household by Bartholomew de Badlesmere . According to Gross, "this was almost certainly a concession to Thomas of Lancaster , who had accused Montagu of combining with Roger Damory to plot against his life,
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