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57-567: Wilsonville was incorporated in 1969, and in February 1982 dedicated a library. Prior to 1982, library services were provided by the county via a bookmobile . Phila Simmons served as the first librarian of Wilsonville's public library. At that time the library was located on the grounds of the old Wilsonville Grade School on Boones Ferry Road owned by what was then the West Linn School District . Wilsonville residents passed

114-524: A WPA effort from 1935 to 1943 called the Pack Horse Library Project covered the remote coves and mountainsides of Kentucky and nearby Appalachia, bringing books and similar supplies on foot and on hoof to those who could not make the trip to a library on their own. Sometimes these "packhorse librarians" relied on a centralized contact to help them distribute the materials. At Fairfax County, Virginia , county-wide bookmobile service

171-507: A German bombing raid. The van could even be used at night, as it was fitted with electric roof lamps that could access electrical current from a nearby lamp-standard or civil defense post. The traveling library had a selection of fiction and non-fiction works; it even had a children's section with fairy tales and non-fiction books for kids. The mayor of the borough christened the van with a speech, saying that "People without books are like houses without windows." Even after heavy night bombings by

228-587: A bond measure to the voters in September 1995 for $ 3.9 million to be used to expand the library building, which at that time held 35,000 books. Voters rejected the measure, along with a measure to improve Memorial Park. In 1998, the library started offering passes to cultural institutions in the Portland metropolitan area . The city went to voters again in November 2000 with a $ 4 million measure designed to expand

285-519: A computer in modern museums, but there is typically a backlog of old catalogue entries to be computerized as time and funding allows. A museum's permanent collection are assets that the museum owns and may display, although space and conservation requirements often mean that most of a collection is not on display. Museums often also host temporary exhibitions of works that may come all or partly from their permanent collection, or may be all or partly loaned (a "loan exhibition"). A travelling exhibition

342-407: A contract price of approximately $ 760,000. Part of the funding came from a $ 96,000 federal grant, and the new building was expected to handle the city's growth for 15 years, and it was also designed to be expanded. The new library was designed to have 7,000 square feet (650 m) and include a conference room, children's area, and a large meeting room. While under construction, the city commissioned

399-480: A measure in June 1987 that provided $ 2,225,000 for the city to build a library building and buy 41.5 acres (16.8 ha) to add to Wilsonville Memorial Park . In December 1987, the city started construction on a new library building to be built on 2 acres (0.81 ha) at the northwest corner of Memorial Park. William L. Lonigan General Contractors Inc. built the new library, designed by Nagao & Oroyan Associates, for

456-426: A museum's RH to accommodate the changing seasons, but they must be made gradually. Humidity should change in 2% per month increments (an increase in 1 °F will affect a decrease of about 2% RH). Deaccessioning , the process of disposing, selling or trading objects from a museum collection, is not undertaken lightly in most museums. There are ethical issues to consider since many donors of objects typically expect

513-422: A museum, or a recommendation from a curator to acquire an object through purchase or trade. Art objects may also come into a collection as a commission. An accession may also be bequeathed to a museum and are included in an estate or trust. Several issues must be considered in the decision to accept an object. Common issues include: Answering these questions often required investigating an object's provenance ,

570-479: A portion of their collections. This is often because exhibition requires much more space than storage, and is impractical for the entire collection to be out. Museums may also contain many duplicate or similar objects and find that a few specimens are better suited to display than others. In addition, certain objects, particularly works on paper and textiles, are damaged by light and must only be displayed for short periods of time. Museum collections are often made up of

627-636: A sculpture of author Walt Morey to be paid for by the Friends of the Wilsonville Library. The 3-foot (0.91 m) tall bronze figure cost $ 7,500 and honored the Wilsonville area resident who wrote novels such as Gentle Ben . The library's children's room was also named after the author, and includes a bronze plaque. Wilsonville's new library building opened on August 23, 1988, at a cost about $ 900,000. The Walt Morey statue by Jerry Joslin

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684-400: A separate collection from insects. Because museums cannot collect everything, each potential new addition must be carefully considered as to its appropriateness for a given museum's defined area of interest. Accessioning is the formal, legal process of accepting an object into a museum collection. Because accessioning an object carries an obligation to care for that object in perpetuity, it

741-434: A specific area of specialization. For example, a history museum may only collect objects relevant to a particular county or even a single person, or focus on a type of object such as automobiles or stamps. Art museums may focus on a period, such as modern art, or a region. Very large museums will often have many sub-collections, each with its own criteria for collecting. A natural history museum, for example, will have mammals in

798-827: A stable climate, preventing exposure to pests, minimizing any handling, and using only archival materials that will not deteriorate or harm the objects. Object safety also include providing appropriate security, and planning for disasters and other threats, and making sure that museum staff are trained in proper handling procedures. Different types of objects have different requirements, and many museums have specialized storage areas. For example, framed paintings may be stored in racks in one room while unframed paintings are kept in large drawers in another. Some objects have extremely specialized needs. For example, material from underwater archaeological sites may need to be kept wet, and some very rare and badly deteriorated objects require oxygen-free environments. At any given time, museums display only

855-500: A van mounted on a six-wheel chassis powered by a Ford engine. The traveling library could carry more than 2,000 books on open-access shelves that ran the length of the van. The books were arranged in Dewey order, and up to 20 patrons could fit into the van at one time to browse and check out materials. A staff enclosure was at the rear of the van, and the van was lighted with windows in the roof – each fitted with black-out curtains in case of

912-404: A variety of materials in a single collection including, but not limited to: canvas, oil and/or acrylic paints, wood, ivory, paper, bone, leather, and textiles. The biggest conservation issue for museum collections is the fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature. Relative Humidity (RH) is a measure of the percentage of saturation of the air. Temperature is not as important to the life of

969-500: A work of art, but it is true that chemical reactions occur faster at higher temperatures. However, a museum must take into account the comfort of its staff and visitors and it has been widely accepted that 68–75 °F (20–24 °C) does not cause a lot of problems for most artifacts and is comfortable for most humans. It has also been internationally agreed upon that the RH should be set at 50–55%. This has become widely accepted because

1026-418: Is a serious decision. While in the past many museums accepted objects with little deliberation, today most museums have accepted the need for formal accessioning procedures and practices. These are typically set out as part of a museum's collection management policy (CMP). While each museum has its own procedures for accessioning, in most cases it begins with either an offer from a donor to give an object to

1083-419: Is sale on the open market. Open market sales are generally expected to take place at auction rather than through private sale, and are typically most common in art museums due to the high monetary value of art collections. A controversial example occurred when the last remaining complete dodo mount in a museum collection at Oxford University was deaccessioned due to its deterioration in 1775. Another case

1140-472: Is shown in more than one venue; these tend to be either large loan exhibitions which may be exhibited at two or three venues in different countries, or selections from the collection of a large museum which tour to a number of regional museums. Museum collections are widely varied. There are collections of art , of scientific specimens, of historic objects, of living zoological specimens and much more. Because there are so many things to collect, most museums have

1197-605: The Museums Association 's Code of Ethics . In the United States , the guidelines on these matters are issued by the American Alliance of Museums . The American Alliance of Museums Code of Ethics takes the position that "in no event shall they [deaccessioning proceeds] be used for anything other than acquisition or direct care of collections". Other museums may have additional restrictions on

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1254-543: The Germans, readers visited the Saint Pancras Traveling Library in some of the worst bombed areas. Bookmobiles are still in use in the 21st century, operated by libraries, schools, activists, and other organizations. Although some feel that the bookmobile is an outmoded service, citing reasons like high costs, advanced technology, impracticality, and ineffectiveness, others cite the ability of

1311-937: The U.S., the American Library Association sponsors National Bookmobile Day in April each year, on the Wednesday of National Library Week . They celebrate the nation's bookmobiles and the dedicated library professionals who provide this service to their communities. In February 2021, the American Library Association (ALA), the Association of Bookmobile and Outreach Services (ABOS), and the Association for Rural and Small Libraries (ARSL) agreed to rebrand National Bookmobile Day in recognition of all that outreach library professional do within their communities. Instead, libraries across

1368-523: The bookmobile to be more cost-efficient than building more branch libraries would be and its high use among its patrons as support for its continuation. To meet the growing demand for "greener" bookmobiles that deliver outreach services to their patrons, some bookmobile manufacturers have introduced significant advances to reduce their carbon footprint , such as solar/battery solutions in lieu of traditional generators, and all-electric and hybrid-electric chassis. Bookmobiles have also taken on an updated form in

1425-630: The building include tile in the highly traveled portions, blue-heather carpet elsewhere, and wood accents on the walls and ceilings. The main entrance leads to the grand foyer that has a high ceiling and skylights, and is home to the library's reference desk. Another collection at the library is the Heritage Collection, which focuses on the history and genealogy of Oregon and southwestern Washington state. The collection includes U.S. Census records, biographies, vital records, local histories, and online databases, among other items. That section of

1482-601: The city of London. Because of air raids and blackouts, patrons did not visit the Metropolitan Borough of Saint Pancras's physical libraries as much as before the war. To meet the needs of its citizens, the borough borrowed a traveling library van from Hastings and in 1941 created a "war-time library on wheels." (The Saint Pancras borough was abolished in 1965 and became part of the London Borough of Camden.) The Saint Pancras traveling library consisted of

1539-583: The city to raise property taxes in November 2006 was defeated by voters, which led to cuts in the hours of the library. The library received a grant in 2008 to expand its out-reach program at the Coffee Creek Correctional Facility , a women's prison in Wilsonville. The $ 10,000 grant allowed for additional training and books for the program, entitled Book Bridges, designed to build and strength the connection between infants and their mothers who are serving time in prison. Also in 2008,

1596-419: The collection is called accessioning and each object is given a unique accession number . Museum collections, and archives in general, are normally catalogued in a collection catalogue , traditionally in a card index , but nowadays in a computerized database . Transferring collection catalogues onto computer-based media is a major undertaking for most museums. All new acquisitions are normally catalogued on

1653-464: The collection, museum objects must be appropriately cared for. New objects may be examined by a conservator and treated for any pre-existing damage. The object is then cataloged by a curator or other specialist with knowledge of the object's importance and history. The object will then be given an appropriate storage location. Museum storage conditions are meant to protect the object and to minimize any deterioration. This often means keeping objects in

1710-637: The commissions would boost the managers of the bookmobile's "Library Sprit". Unfortunately, the Texas Library Association (TLA) could not provide the type of service that is already provided to state libraries to bookmobiles. One of the earliest mobile libraries in the United States was a mule-drawn wagon carrying wooden boxes of books. It was created in 1904 by the People's Free Library of Chester County, South Carolina , and served

1767-409: The contents may be more paper-based, replaceable and less exhibition oriented, or a private collection of art formed by an individual, family or institution that may grant no public access. A museum normally has a collecting policy for new acquisitions, so only objects in certain categories and of a certain quality are accepted into the collection. The process by which an object is formally included in

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1824-512: The country will observe National Library Outreach Day on April 7, 2021. Formerly known as National Bookmobile Day, communities will celebrate the invaluable role library professionals and libraries continuous play in bringing library services to those in need. Collection (museum) A museum is distinguished by a collection of often unique objects that forms the core of its activities for exhibitions , education , research , etc. This differentiates it from an archive or library , where

1881-684: The course of the fiscal year. Bookmobile A bookmobile , or mobile library , is a vehicle designed for use as a library. They have been known by many names throughout history, including traveling library, library wagon, book wagon, book truck, library-on-wheels, and book auto service. Bookmobiles expand the reach of traditional libraries by transporting books to potential readers, providing library services to people in otherwise underserved locations (such as remote areas) and/or circumstances (such as residents of retirement homes ). Bookmobile services and materials (such as Internet access, large print books, and audiobooks ), may be customized for

1938-594: The form of m libraries , also known as mobile libraries in which patrons are delivered content electronically. The Internet Archive runs its own bookmobile to print out-of-copyright books on demand. The project has spun off similar efforts elsewhere in the developing world. The Free Black Women's Library is a mobile library in Brooklyn. Founded by Ola Ronke Akinmowo in 2015, this bookmobile features books written by black women. Titles are available in exchange for other titles written by black female authors. In

1995-786: The history of an object from the time it was made. Many museums will not accession objects that have been acquired illegally or where other parties have an interest in the object. In art museums, special care is given to objects that changed hands in European countries during World War II and archaeological objects unearthed after the 1970 UNESCO Convention covering the transport of cultural property. Other disciplines have different concerns. For example, anthropology museums will pay special attention to Native American objects that may be subject to repatriation, and paleontology museums may look carefully at whether proper permitting procedures were followed when they are offered fossil collections. While in

2052-877: The library also includes exhibits sponsored by the Wilsonville-Boones Ferry Historical Society, including models of sternwheelers and a photographic mural of the city from about 1910. As of 2011 the library had an annual budget of $ 1.3 million, which included $ 166,000 spent on the collection to serve a population of about 22,000. At that time the collection had 155,000 items, of which 102,000 were print items, nearly 11,000 were video items, almost 11,000 were audio items, plus 166 periodical subscriptions. The library had approximately 17,000 registered patrons and an annual circulation of 514,706 in 2011, which included about 178,000 items loaned out to other libraries. Also, as of 2011, WPL had an attendance of 24,406 at its 353 children's programs over

2109-609: The library four-fold, and this time the measure passed. In August 2001, construction began on the expansion designed by Rich Turi that had construction scheduled for completion in May 2002. Both InFocus and OrePac Building Products donated equipment for use in the expanded facility. Starting in 2002 the library offered story time for children in Spanish, and in 2005 brought in Claudia Renata Osorio in an attempt to increase

2166-481: The library's Storytime Collection was chosen by the Oregon State Library as one of the outstanding projects of the year. The 28,677-square-foot (2,664.2 m) building houses a variety of collections as well as 19 computers. One of the larger collections is the children's collection, which has its own room that can open onto an exterior patio. Two other rooms also open to the patio. Other features of

2223-453: The locations and populations served. Bookmobiles have been based on various means of conveyance, including bicycles, carts, motor vehicles, trains, watercraft, and wagons, as well as camels, donkeys, elephants, horses, and mules. In the United States of America, The American School Library (1839) was a traveling frontier library published by Harper & Brothers . The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History has

2280-428: The lower limit was set at 45% since damage to organic materials begin to occur below this point. The upper limit is placed at 65% because mold flourishes at 70% RH. It is also cheaper for most institutions to maintain 50% RH rather than 45% or 60%. There is some exception when it comes to tropical climates since the indigenous artifacts are acclimated to RH levels higher than the "museum norm". Changes can be made to

2337-469: The method of disposal. Generally, first choice is to transfer an object to another use or division in a museum, such as deaccessioning a duplicate object from a permanent collection into a teaching collection. Second choice is to transfer the object to another institution, generally with local institutions having priority. The American Alliance of Museums and other regional associations often operate lists or boards to help facilitate such transfers. Last choice

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2394-416: The museum to care for them in perpetuity. Deaccessioning of an object in a collection may be appropriate if a museum has more than one example of that object and if the object is being transferred to another museum. It may also be appropriate if an object is badly deteriorated or threatening other objects. The decision to deaccession includes two parts. These are making the decision to deaccession and deciding

2451-470: The museum's board of trustees. In large museums, a special committee may meet regularly to review potential acquisitions. Once the decision has been made to accept an object, it is formally accessioned through a Deed of Gift and entered into the museum's catalog records. Each object is given a unique catalog number to identify it. Objects are then packed for appropriate archival storage, or prepared for exhibition or other educational use. Once accessioned into

2508-427: The number of people attending the sessions. The Wilsonville Public Library Foundation paid for a 35-foot (11 m) ceramic mural in the children's area of the library added in 2004. On December 21, 2003, Patrick Duke replaced Steve Turner as the library's director. The Library Foundation attempted a fundraiser in 2005 where participants paid for a tour of homes that used a line of paint from Devine Color. An attempt by

2565-465: The only complete original set of this series complete with its wooden carrying case. The British Workman reported in 1857 about a perambulating library operating in a circle of eight villages, in Cumbria . A Victorian merchant and philanthropist, George Moore, had created the project to "diffuse good literature among the rural population". The Warrington Perambulating Library , set up in 1858,

2622-495: The past, museums often accepted objects with donor-based restrictions, many museums today ask that gifts be given unrestricted . Common donor restrictions include requiring that an object always be exhibited, or that a collection stays together. However, such restrictions can prevent museums from changing their exhibits as scholarship evolves and may introduce conservation issues for delicate objects not suited to continued display. Final decision to accept an object generally lies with

2679-595: The remaining collection. For example, the International Council of Museums (ICOM) Code of Ethics states that: "Money or compensation received from the deaccessioning and disposal of objects and specimens from a museum collection should be used solely for the benefit of the collection and usually for acquisitions to that same collection". In the United Kingdom , guidelines governing deaccessioning and other ethically difficult issues can be found in

2736-733: The rise of motorized transport in America, a pioneering librarian in 1920 named Sarah Byrd Askew began driving her specially outfitted Model T to provide library books to rural areas in New Jersey. The automobile remained rare, however, and in Minneapolis, the Hennepin County Public Library operated a horse-drawn book wagon starting in 1922. Following the Great Depression in the United States ,

2793-473: The rural areas there. Another early mobile library service was developed by Mary Lemist Titcomb (1857–1932). As a librarian in Washington County, Maryland , Titcomb was concerned that the library was not reaching all the people it could. Meant as a way to reach more library patrons, the annual report for 1902 listed 23 deposit stations, with each being a collection of 50 books in a case that

2850-644: The standard to be held accountable for the influx of bookmobiles in thirty out of fifty states. Because of the Texas Federation of Women's Clubs (TFWC), a new legislation to develop public libraries in Texas became possible after much advocating from TFWC for bookmobiles. This new legislation brought in library improvements and expansions that included establishing a system of traveling libraries in Texas. Women's Clubs wanted state governments to step in and create commissions for these traveling libraries. They hoped

2907-493: The use of funds from deaccessioning. For example, at some museums funds from deaccessioning a work of art can only be used to purchase a work of similar style or period (for example, funds from selling a 20th-century American print could not be used to buy a 17th-century Italian painting) and the name of the donor of the sold work remains associated with the purchased artwork. Selling artwork to fund budget deficits and pay salaries has been compared to "burning down your house to heat

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2964-595: Was another early British mobile library. This horse-drawn van was operated by the Warrington Mechanics' Institute , which aimed to increase the lending of its books to enthusiastic local patrons. During the late 1800s, Women's Clubs began advocating for Bookmobiles in the state of Texas and throughout the United States. Kate Rotan of the Women's Club in Waco, Texas was the first to advocate for bookmobiles. She

3021-822: Was begun in 1940, in a truck loaned by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA support of the bookmobile ended in 1942, but the service continued. The "Library in Action" was a late-1960s bookmobile program in the Bronx, NY , run by interracial staff that brought books to teenagers of color in under-served neighborhoods. Bookmobiles reached the height of their popularity in the mid-twentieth century. In England, bookmobiles, or "traveling libraries" as they were called in that country, were typically used in rural and outlying areas. However, during World War II, one traveling library found popularity in

3078-402: Was dedicated on December 18, 1988. In 1990, Steve Turner was hired as the library's new director to replace Phila Simmons. Local employer Fujimi America Inc. donated approximately 1,500 Japanese books and money to the library in May 1991. The library started being open on Sundays in 1994, but only during the school year, after Clackamas County passed a library operating levy. Wilsonville sent

3135-527: Was placed in a store or post office throughout the county. Although popular, Titcomb realized that even this did not reach the most rural residents, and so she cemented the idea of a "book wagon" in 1905, taking the library materials directly to people's homes in remote parts of the county. After securing a Carnegie gift of $ 2,500, Titcomb purchased a black Concord wagon and employed the library janitor to drive it. The book wagon proved popular, with 1,008 volumes distributed within its first six months. With

3192-493: Was president of the Texas Federation of Women's Clubs (TFWC). During this time Women's Clubs were encouraged to promote bookmobiles because they embraced their ideas and missions. After receiving so much support and promotion these traveling libraries increased in numbers all around the United States. In the state of New York from 1895 to 1898 the number of bookmobiles increased to 980. The United States Women Clubs became their primary advocate. The Women's Club movement in 1904, had

3249-482: Was the sale of a J. M. W. Turner painting in the collection of Royal Holloway, University of London to the Getty Museum to fund the maintenance of the building, despite the fact that the original benefactor had expressly requested that the collection be kept intact. Many ethical guidelines for deaccessioning require that the funds generated by disposing of collection items be used only to increase or maintain

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