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16-538: The Winchuck River ( Tolowa : duu-sr-xuu-shi taa-ghin-li~') is a short coastal stream that runs through the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest to the Pacific Ocean in the U.S. states of Oregon and California . Flowing generally west from its origin near Elk Mountain, the river enters the sea at Crissey Field State Recreation Site , about 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) north of

32-497: A survey of Oregon Athabaskan phonology and grammar, see Golla (2011:70-75). As with many Athabaskan languages , Tolowa features contrasting aspirated, unaspirated, and ejective stops, as well as contrasting vowel length and nasality. Tolowa is not fully tonal, but instead has a pitch accent . This is typical of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages . /ɬ/ is affricated to [ tɬ ] after vowels. /j/

48-451: A variety of Chetco-Tolowa "restricted to a small area on the central Oregon coast," in an online audio/picture dictionary for the use of the community. Loren Bommelyn Loren Me’-lash-ne Bommelyn (born 1956) is a tradition bearer for the Tolowa tribe. He has dedicated himself to preserving the traditional songs, language, and basketry . He is the foremost ceremonial leader of

64-553: Is limited, especially along the lower stretches of the river. Fishing from boats is not allowed, but Winchuck River Road provides public access in places. Flora in the watershed's forests include Douglas-fir , bigleaf maple , and madrone , typical of the Southern Oregon Coast Range , the coastal Siskiyou Mountains , and the Redwoods Zone. Most of Oregon's remaining coast redwood forest lies within

80-524: Is realized as [ j̃ ] after nasal vowels. Tolowa vowels have some degree of allophonicity. /u/ and /o/ are in free variation; [ ɔ ] is an allophone of /a/ after palatals and velars; /ə/ is raised to [ ɨ ] near palatals and to [ ʉ ] before velars, and is nasalized ([ə̃]) before nasal consonants. In addition, Tolowa has three diphthongs: [ai], [au], and [ui]. Syllables are usually separated with an en dash (-) for clarity. The 1997 Tolowa Dee-niʼ alphabet (below) replaces

96-490: Is studying linguistics at the University of Oregon to continue Tolowa language preservation efforts. While women make most baskets among Northern California tribes, men traditionally weave open-work baskets with entire plant shoots. This requires both extreme physical strength and dexterity. Bommelyn specializes in these open-work, utilitarian baskets, especially those made with hazel shoots. He wove his first basket at

112-661: Is used primarily by those residing in California, most of whom are affiliated with the Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation . Those residing in Oregon, most of whom are affiliated with the Confederated Tribes of Siletz southwest of Portland, where their ancestors were removed in the 1850s (Beckham 1971), refer to themselves as Chetco , Tututni , or Deeni . For details of the linguistic documentation of Chetco-Tolowa and

128-967: The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians on the Siletz Indian Reservation in Oregon . According to a report by the National Geographic Society and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages , it is the last of many languages spoken on the reservation and was said in 2007 to have only one living speaker. However, the language has since been at least partially revived, and in some areas, ‘many now text each other in Siletz Dee-ni’. Courses for 6th- through 8th-graders have been offered at Oregon's Siletz Valley Charter School. Alfred "Bud" Lane has gathered 14,000 words of Siletz Dee-ni ,

144-1014: The University of Oregon . After years of studying with Tolowa elders, Bommelyn has published educational material about the Tolowa language. He played a role in convincing the University of California system to accept Native American languages as part of its entrance requirements for world language. He has advocated the use of the Tolowa language in modern technology, including Facebook and texting . Before retirement, Bommelyn taught at Taa-'at-dvn Indian Magnet Charter School in Crescent City with his wife Lena Bommelyn, who has also retired. Of his work at Taa-'at-dvn, Loren says, "It's important for students to know they can move about freely in American society and that they can be open and successful. We try to provide them opportunities for expansion and exploration." As of 2012, Bommelyn's son, Pyuwa Bommelyn,

160-662: The Del Norte Indian Welfare Association in 1969. The first was a Tolowa version of the Uni-fon alphabet , written by hand. A new Practical Alphabet was devised in 1993 for purposes of typing on the computer. In 1997, Loren Bommelyn developed an alphabet which did not require a barred l or nasal hook characters called the Tolowa Dee-ni’ Alphabet (see previous section). Siletz Dee-ni is a form of Tolowa historically spoken by members of

176-621: The Oregon–;California border and about 5 miles (8 km) south of Brookings . Formed by the confluence of Fourth of July Creek and Bear Creek in southern Curry County , the river flows generally west. Just below the source, Salmon Creek enters from the left , then Elk Creek and Deer Creek enter from the right . Further downstream, the Winchuck receives Moser Creek and the South Fork Winchuck River, both from

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192-505: The Winchuck drainage. Sensitive fauna in the watershed include the spotted owl and marbled murrelet . Tolowa language At the time of first European contact Tolowa was spoken in several large and prosperous village communities along the Del Norte County coast in the far northwestern corner of California and along the southern coast of adjacent Curry County, Oregon . Today the term Tolowa (or sometimes Smith River )

208-444: The age of 12. Today he is known particularly for his work baskets and baby cradles. "There's a fancy part of the basket and a realistic part. You want to strive for perfection, but at the same time you want to make it for a function... I want my baskets to be used. The old Indians say that things like to be used, that when they aren't used they get lonesome." Bommelyn is a recipient of a 2002 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by

224-446: The left. The river then leaves Oregon, flowing in Del Norte County, California , for a short distance before re-entering Oregon. The Winchuck passes under U.S. Route 101 in Oregon just before reaching the ocean. Winchuck River Road runs along or near the north side of the river for much of its course. The main stem and tributaries support chinook and coho salmon , steelhead , and sea-run coastal cutthroat trout . Access for fishing

240-527: The special characters ą, į, ɨ, ł, ų, and ʉ with a~, i~, lh, u~ and v, respectively. Note that the distinction between ɨ and ʉ is lost. Loren Bommelyn , a fluent speaker and linguist, has published several pedagogical books and teaches young Tolowa students in Crescent City, California . Three alphabets have been used since the formation of the Tolowa Dee-ni’ Language program, sponsored by

256-531: The tribe, and its most prolific basketweaver . Bommelyn is an enrolled member of the federally recognized Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation and was elected as their tribal chairperson. Loren Bommelyn is Tolowa, Karuk , and Wintu. His mother, Eunice Bommelyn , was a prominent tribal genealogist , Tolowa language proponent and cultural advocate. He is a fluent speaker of the Tolowa language and taught for many years at Del Norte High School in Crescent City, California . He earned his master's degree in linguistics from

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