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40-780: Task Manager , previously known as Windows Task Manager , is a task manager , system monitor , and startup manager included with Microsoft Windows systems. It provides information about computer performance and running software, including names of running processes , CPU and GPU load, commit charge , I/O details, logged-in users, and Windows services . Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity , start and stop services, and forcibly terminate processes. The program can be started in recent versions of Windows by pressing ⊞ Win + R and then typing in taskmgr.exe , by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Delete and clicking Task Manager , by pressing Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + Esc , by using Windows Search in

80-499: A computer , as well as the general status of the computer. Some implementations can also be used to terminate processes and applications, as well as change the processes' scheduling priority . In some environments, users can access a task manager with the Control-Alt-Delete keyboard shortcut . Task managers can display running services ( processes ) as well as those that were stopped. They can display information about

120-718: A Metro-style version of themselves if the user chooses to make their product the default web browser. Windows RT requires all installed apps to be from the Windows Store, or be verified by Microsoft (most internal applications). Before Windows 8, programs were identified by their static computer icons . The Windows taskbar was responsible for representing every app that had a window while running. Metro-style apps, however, are identified by their "tiles" that can show their icon and also other dynamic contents. In addition, in Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 RTM, they are not shown on

160-552: A UWP app can run. UWP apps can be downloaded from Windows Store or can be sideloaded . The sideloading requirements were reduced significantly from Windows 8.x to 10, but the app must still be signed by a trusted digital certificate that chains to a root certificate . Metro-style apps are suspended when they are closed; suspended apps are terminated automatically as needed by a Windows app manager. Dynamic tiles, background components and contracts (interfaces for interacting with other apps) may require an app to be activated before

200-412: A chart of recent activity. The App history tab shows resource usage information about Universal Windows Platform apps . Windows controls the life cycle of these apps more tightly. This tab is where the data that Windows has collected about them, and then be viewed at a later time. The Startup tab manages software that starts with Windows shell . The Users tab shows all users that currently have

240-420: A program known as Close Program which lists the programs currently running and offers options to close programs as well shut down the computer. Since Windows 8, Task Manager has two views. The first time Task Manager is invoked by a user, it shows in a simplified summary mode (described in the user experience as Fewer Details ). It can be switched to a more detailed mode by clicking More Details . This setting

280-485: A session on the computer. On server computers, there may be several users connected to the computer using Terminal Services (or the Fast User Switching service, on Windows XP). Users can be disconnected or logged off from this tab. Task Manager was originally an external side project developed at home by Microsoft developer David William Plummer ; encouraged by Dave Cutler and coworkers to make it part of

320-658: A seven-segment display. Prior to Windows XP , process names longer than 15 characters in length are truncated. This problem is resolved in Windows XP. The users tab is introduced by Windows XP. Beginning with Windows XP, the Delete key is enabled on the Processes tab. Windows Task Manager has been updated in Windows Vista with new features, including: In Windows 8, Windows Task Manager has been overhauled and

360-711: A user starts it. Invoking an arbitrary Metro-style app or UWP app from the command line was first introduced in the Insider build 16226 of Windows 10, which was released on 21 June 2017. Traditionally, Windows software is developed using the Windows API . Software has access to the Windows API with no arbitrary restrictions. Developers were free to choose their own programming language and development tools . Metro-style apps can only be developed using Windows Runtime (WinRT). (Note that not every app using WinRT

400-496: A warning nor a chance to clean up before ending. However, when a process that is running under a security context different from the one which issued the call to Terminate Process, the use of the KILL command-line utility is required. The Performance tab shows overall statistics about the system's performance, most notably the overall amount of CPU usage and how much memory is being used. A chart of recent usage for both of these values

440-705: Is a file format used to distribute and install apps on Windows 8.x, 10, 11, Windows Phone 8.1, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S, Hololens, and Windows 10 IoT Core. APPX was originally the only installation system allowed for UWP apps, replacing the XAP file format on Windows Phone 8.1 , in an attempt to unify the distribution of apps for Windows Phone and Windows 8. APPX files are only compatible with Windows Phone 8.1 and later versions, and with Windows 8 and later versions. The Windows Phone 8.x Marketplace allowed users to download APPX files to an SD Card and install them manually. In contrast, sideloading of UWP apps

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480-430: Is a Metro-style app.) A limited subset of WinRT is available for also conventional desktop apps. Calling a forbidden API disqualifies the app from appearing on Windows Store. Metro-style apps can only be developed using Microsoft's own development tools. According to Allen Bauer, Chief Scientist of Embarcadero Technologies , there are APIs that every computer program must call but Microsoft has forbidden them, except when

520-666: Is because, by default in Windows XP, pressing Ctrl + Alt + Delete opens the Task Manager instead of opening a dialog that provides access to the Task Manager in addition to the options mentioned above. On the Performance tab, the display of the CPU values was changed from a display mimicking a LED seven-segment display , to a standard numeric value. This was done to accommodate non- Arabic numeral systems, such as Eastern Arabic numerals , which cannot be represented using

560-623: Is especially the case with video games. Apps designed for Windows 8.x look significantly different from those designed for Windows 10 and 11. UWP apps can also look almost identical to traditional desktop apps, using the same legacy UI controls from Windows versions dating back to Windows 95. These are legacy desktop apps that are converted to the UWP apps and distributed using the APPX file format. In Windows 10, most UWP apps, even those designed for Windows 8.x, are run in floating windows, and users can use

600-425: Is possible to disable the Task Manager. Many types of malware also enable this policy setting in the registry. Rootkits can prevent themselves from getting listed in the Task Manager, thereby preventing their detection and termination using it. Task manager In operating systems , a task manager is a system monitor program used to provide information about the processes and applications running on

640-415: Is remembered for that user on that machine. Since around the release of Windows 2000, the CPU usage could be displayed as a tray icon in the task bar for a quick glance. In summary mode, Task Manager shows a list of currently running programs that have a main window. It has a "more details" hyperlink that activates a full-fledged Task Manager with several tabs. Right-clicking any of the applications in

680-457: Is shown. Details about specific areas of memory are also shown. There is an option to break the CPU usage graph into two sections: kernel mode time and user mode time. Many device drivers, and core parts of the operating system run in kernel mode, whereas user applications run in user mode. This option can be turned on by choosing Show kernel times from the View menu. When this option is turned on

720-586: The Microsoft Store , previously known as the Windows Store . Initially, these apps were called "Trusted Windows Store apps," and later they were referred to as "Trusted Microsoft Store apps." Traditional programs designed to run on desktop computers were referred to as " desktop apps ." With the release of the Windows 10, version 1903 , there was a shift in the terminology. Microsoft began using

760-759: The Start Menu and typing taskmgr , by right-clicking on the Windows taskbar and selecting "Task Manager", by typing taskmgr in the File Explorer address bar, or by typing taskmgr in Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell . Task Manager was introduced in its current form with Windows NT 4.0 . Prior versions of Windows NT, as well as Windows 3.x , include the Task List application, are capable of listing currently running processes and killing them, or creating new processes. Windows 9x has

800-601: The Universal Windows Platform (UWP) 10 API for developing universal apps. Apps that take advantage of this platform are developed with Visual Studio 2015 or later. Older Metro-style apps for Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1 or for both (universal 8.1) need modifications to migrate to this platform. Universal apps no longer indicate having been written for a specific OS in their manifest; instead, they target one or more device families, e.g. desktop, mobile, console or Internet of Things (IoT). They react to

840-529: The " settings charm ." Metro-style apps use the UI controls of Windows 8.x and typically follow Windows 8.x UI guidelines, such as horizontal scrolling and the inclusion of edge-UIs, like the app bar. In response to criticism from customers a title bar was added in Windows 8.1 , but was hidden unless users move the mouse cursor to the top of the screen. However, the Hamburger button on the title bar gives access to

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880-418: The CPU usage graph will show a green and a red area. The red area is the amount of time spent in kernel mode, and the green area shows the amount of time spent in user mode. The Performance tab also shows statistics relating to each of the network adapters present in the computer. By default, the adapter name, percentage of network utilization, link speed, and state of the network adapter are shown, along with

920-576: The Windows directory. It is rudimentary and has fewer features. The System Monitor utility in Windows 9x contains process and network monitoring functionality similar to that of the Windows Task Manager. Also, the Tasks program is called by clicking twice on the desktop if Explorer process is down. In Windows XP only, there is a "Shut Down" menu that provides access to Standby, Hibernate, Turn off, Restart, Log Off, and Switch User . This

960-463: The Windows taskbar and Task View to switch between both UWP apps and desktop apps. Windows 10 also introduced "Tablet Mode". This mode is by default disabled on desktop computers and enabled on tablet computers, but desktop users can switch it on or off manually. When the Tablet Mode is off, apps may have resizable windows and visible title bars. When the Tablet Mode is enabled, resizable apps use

1000-1147: The Windows taskbar when they run, but on a dedicated app switcher on the left side of the screen. Windows 8.1 Update added taskbar icons for Metro-style apps. There is no set limit on how many copies of desktop apps can run simultaneously. For example, one user may run as many copies of programs such as Windows Notepad , Paint or Firefox as long as the system resources can support. (Some desktop apps, such as Windows Media Player , have extra code that prevents spawning more than one instance.) However, in Windows 8, only one copy of Metro-style apps may run at any given time. True multi-instancing of these apps were not available until Windows 10 version 1803 (released in May 2018). UWP apps are designed by individuals or software companies which leads to apps having their own look and feel. However, UWP apps built specifically for Windows 10 and 11 typically appear and function differently than ones on older versions, as they use new UI controls that look different from those of previous versions of Windows. The exception to this are apps that use custom UI, which

1040-441: The call comes from Microsoft's own Visual C++ runtime. UWP apps developed to work on smartphones , personal computers , video game consoles and HoloLens . They were initially called universal apps because they derived their platform flexibility from the universal apps API, first introduced in Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1 . Visual Studio 2013 with Update 2 could be used to develop these apps. Windows 10 introduced

1080-513: The capabilities that become available to the device. A universal app may run on both a mobile phone and a tablet and provide a suitable experience. The universal app running on the mobile phone may start behaving the way it would on a tablet when the phone is connected to a monitor or a suitable docking station . UWP is an extension of Windows Runtime and has access to WinRT APIs, although whether UWP apps can take advantage of WinRT APIs depends on their programming language and its tooling. APPX

1120-448: The charms. For most users, the only point of entry for Metro-style apps is the Windows Store . Enterprises operating a Windows domain infrastructure may enter into a contract with Microsoft that allows them to sideload their line-of-business Metro-style apps, circumventing Windows Store. Also, major web browser vendors are selectively exempted from this rule, they are allowed to circumvent Microsoft guidelines and Windows Store and run

1160-456: The command is sent to the process or its window. The Details tab is a more basic version of the Processes tab, and acts similar to the Processes tab in Windows 7 and earlier. It has a more rudimentary user experience and can perform some additional actions. Right-clicking a process in the list allows changing the priority the process has, setting processor affinity (setting which CPU(s)

1200-471: The following changes were made: Task Manager is a common target of computer viruses and other forms of malware ; typically malware will close or otherwise disable the Task Manager as soon as it is started, so as to hide itself from users. Some malware will also disable the Task Manager as an administrator. Variants of the Zotob and Spybot worms have used this technique, for example. Using Group Policy , it

1240-410: The list allows switching to that application or ending the application's task. Issuing an end task causes a request for graceful exit to be sent to the application. The Processes tab shows a list of all running processes on the system. This list includes Windows Services and processes from other accounts. The Delete key can also be used to terminate processes on the Processes tab. By default,

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1280-434: The main product "build", he donated the project in 1995. The original task manager design featured a different Processes page with information being taken from the public Registry APIs rather than the private internal operating system metrics. A Close Program dialog box comes up when Ctrl + Alt + Delete is pressed in Windows 9x . Also, in Windows 9x, there is a program called Tasks ( TASKMAN.EXE ) located in

1320-462: The process can execute on), and allows the process to be ended. Choosing to End Process causes Windows to immediately kill the process. Choosing to "End Process Tree" causes Windows to immediately kill the process, as well as all processes directly or indirectly started by that process. Unlike choosing End Task from the Applications tab, when choosing to End Process the program is not given

1360-451: The processes tab shows the user account the process is running under, the amount of CPU, and the amount of memory the process is currently consuming. There are more columns that can be shown. The Processes tab divides the process into three categories: This tab shows the name of every main window and every service associated with each process. Both a graceful exit command and a termination command can be sent from this tab, depending on whether

1400-405: The services, including their process identifier and group identifier . This computer-programming -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Universal Windows Platform apps Starting with Windows 10 , Microsoft initially used the term "Windows app" to describe Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps. These were applications that could be installed from

1440-455: The term "Apps" to refer to both UWP apps and desktop apps indiscriminately. This change aimed to unify the naming convention for all types of applications. Note that UWP is primarily used in Microsoft 's developer documentation to specifically refer to the platform itself. Microsoft also introduced the term "Windows Runtime app" retrospectively to describe the precursors of UWP apps, as there

1480-412: The windowing system similar to that of Metro-style apps on Windows 8.x in that they are forced to either occupy the whole screen or be snapped to one side. UWP apps in Windows 10 can open in multiple windows. Microsoft Edge, Calculator, and Photos are examples of apps that allow this. Windows 10 v1803 (released in May 2018) added true multi-instancing capabilities, so that multiple independent copies of

1520-547: Was previously no clear and unambiguous name for them. UWP apps first became available under the name "Metro-style apps" in 2012 and were marketed with Windows 8 . In Windows 8.x, Metro-style apps do not run in a window . Instead, they either occupy the entire screen or are snapped to one side, in which case they occupy the entire height of the screen but only part of its width. They have no title bar, system menu, window borders or control buttons. Command interfaces like scroll bars are usually hidden on start. Menus are located in

1560-525: Was prohibited on Windows 8.x, unless the user had a developers license or was in a business domain. Windows 10 version 1709 and Windows Server 2019 LTSC introduced a new installation package format called MSIX , which is intended to be a replacement for both the APPX format and the Windows Installer (.msi) desktop application installation format. MSIX is now the preferred way of distributing UWP apps. An open source project called MSIX Core

1600-476: Was started to provide MSIX support for Windows versions earlier than Windows 10 version 1709. Traditional Windows applications generally have the power to use and change their ecosystem however they want to. Windows user account rights, User Account Control and antivirus software attempt to keep this ability in check and notify the user when the app tries to use it, possibly for malicious purposes. UWP apps, however, are sandboxed and cannot permanently change

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