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52-577: Its schools collectively teach over 33,000 students, in central, pre- unicity Winnipeg. There are currently 78 schools in the Winnipeg School Division. Elementary schools include those from preschool to grade 6 . These are middle schools (aka junior high), or a combination of elementary and middle school (typically preschool to grade 9 ) or middle to high school (typically grades 7 to 12 ). French-immersion programs are taught in either: The immersion program option

104-595: A Civil Defence radio network to connect all of the departments. The change that would occur in 1972 was that the existing forces would be combined into 8 community districts. The North Kildonan Police Force (who had 18 members) left their building on 1400 Henderson Highway to move in with the East Kildonan Police Department (39 members) at 545 Watt Street. The Old Kildonan Police Force (7 member) similarly moved out of their location at McPhillips/Jefferson to work at 260 Hartford Avenue,

156-550: A chief administrative officer model. Six years later, on 1 January 2003, the Act was amended yet again, this time being replaced by the City of Winnipeg Charter . Edward Schreyer Edward Richard Schreyer PC CC CMM OM CD (born December 21, 1935) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as the 22nd governor general of Canada from 1979 to 1984. He previously served as

208-588: A 'unicity' has been recognized as an ambitious experiment and unique innovation in metropolitan government reform. In 1955, the provincial government of Manitoba created the Greater Winnipeg Investigating Commission to look into inter-municipal issues in the Greater Winnipeg Area. The Commission took four years and concluded with the recommendation that a strong central government be formed. With this,

260-586: Is offered in the following schools: Policies regarding the provision of educational services in WSD are the responsibility of the Board of Trustees of the Winnipeg School Division. The Winnipeg School Division comprises nine wards, each having one elected trustee , who are elected for a four-year term. On October 26, 2022, the following trustees were elected into office: Amalgamation of Winnipeg The amalgamation of Winnipeg , Manitoba (also known as Unicity )

312-778: The City of Winnipeg (1874–1971); the rural municipalities of Charleswood , Fort Garry , North Kildonan , and Old Kildonan ; the Town of Tuxedo ; the cities of East Kildonan , West Kildonan , St. Vital , Transcona , St. Boniface , and St. James-Assiniboia ; and the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg into one city, commonly referred to as unicity . The Act also guaranteed bilingual services in some parts of St. Boniface and St. Vital, as well as in certain City of Winnipeg offices. Donald Ian MacDonald became

364-616: The City of Winnipeg Unified Fire Department . Upon the formation of Unicity in 1972, changes to Winnipeg's fire stations included: Further changes occurred for fire departments upon their official amalgamation in 1974, primarily the renumbering of various fire stations: Following the formation of Unicity, various civic features of the former municipalities were changed, including: In 1971, 6 former municipalities had their own parks & recreation boards or recreation commissions: East Kildonan, Fort Garry, St. Boniface, St. James-Assiniboia, St. Vital, and West Kildonan. The other 6 (including

416-683: The Manitoba election of 1958 , Schreyer was elected to the legislative assembly as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), in the rural constituency of Brokenhead ; at twenty-two years of age, Schreyer was the youngest person ever elected to the assembly. He held the riding until resigning in 1965 to run successfully for the House of Commons in Ottawa. He returned to provincial politics in 1969, and

468-1010: The Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg (Metro Winnipeg) was incorporated in 1960. From its creation until 1971, the Metro Winnipeg administrative system comprised Winnipeg and 12 other municipalities under a single metropolitan government, in a "two-tier" system in which councillors were elected through single transferable vote . In this framework, each municipality managed their own affairs, levied their own taxes, and took responsibility for local roads, water, and parks. On top of this, however, an additional metropolitan level of government existed as well, holding responsibility for planning major roads, major parks, and major water and sewer systems. The Unicity model thus sought to make such matters more efficient and coordinated, by centralizing service delivery and administration while equalizing property taxes and decentralizing

520-530: The RCMP had expired. The remaining police forces at this time were those of Winnipeg, Fort Garry, St. Boniface, St. James-Assiniboia, St. Vital, and Transcona—each of whom continued working out of their own stations and wearing their respective shoulder flashes . By 1973, the WPD continued to increase in size with the expanding workload, consisting of 493 officers and 141 staff. The early years of amalgamation also saw

572-795: The Solomon Islands , and Vanuatu . He then attempted, without success, to get elected to the House of Commons; he was the first person to run for election in Canada after serving as Governor General. Schreyer was born in Beausejour, Manitoba , to Anglophone ethnic German - Austrian Catholic parents John Schreyer and Elizabeth Gottfried; his maternal grandparents were Austrians who emigrated from western Ukraine . Schreyer attended Cromwell Elementary School and Beausejour Collegiate Secondary School, then United College and St. John's College at

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624-674: The University of Manitoba . There, he received a Bachelor of Pedagogy in 1959, a Bachelor of Education in 1962, a Master of Arts in International Relations, and a second Master of Arts in Economics in 1963. From 1962 to 1965, Schreyer served as a professor of International Relations at St. Paul's College. While pursuing his post-graduate degrees, Schreyer married Lily Schultz , with whom he had two daughters, Lisa and Karmel, and two sons, Jason and Toban. In

676-694: The federal NDP ; in 1970, he supported Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 's invocation of the War Measures Act in response to the October Crisis , despite the opposition of federal NDP leader Tommy Douglas . In the 1977 provincial election , Schreyer's New Democrats were defeated by the Progressive Conservative Party under Sterling Lyon . He remained leader of the NDP in opposition until 1979, when Trudeau offered him

728-475: The "stiff, earnest public manner" expected of the Governor General, and he was thus a target of the media. When Jeanne Sauvé succeeded him, Maclean's writer Carol Goar compared Sauvé to Schreyer's performance, stating that "she is expected to restore grace and refinement to Government House after five years of Edward Schreyer's earnest Prairie populism and lacklustre reign." Upon retirement from

780-418: The 16th premier of Manitoba from 1969 to 1977. Schreyer was born and educated in Manitoba , and was first elected to the province's legislative assembly in 1958. He later moved into federal politics, winning a seat in the House of Commons , but returned to Manitoba in 1969 to become leader of the provincial New Democratic Party (NDP). The party then won that year's provincial election and Schreyer became

832-494: The 16th premier of Manitoba , aged 33. In 1978 he was appointed Governor General by Queen Elizabeth II on the recommendation of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau , to replace Jules Léger , and he occupied the post until succeeded by Jeanne Sauvé in 1984. As the Queen's representative, he was praised for raising the stature of Ukrainian Canadians . Later, he served as Canada's High Commissioner to Australia , Papua New Guinea ,

884-539: The Brokenhead River, which flows near Schreyer's home town of Beausejour , as well as the Assiniboine River , which runs through Winnipeg , where Schreyer was located during his premiership of Manitoba; to the left of this division are the symbols of Manitoba (which lies to the west), and to the right are the symbols of Ontario (which lies to the east). The disc bearing a red cross is the emblem of

936-519: The City Councillors within the given community's boundaries, and each committee was to be advised by a "Resident’s Advisory Group." The goals of the NDP included greater citizen participation in government, "financial equity, the elimination of conflict and stalemate between the Metro and municipal levels, greater efficiency in the delivery of services, and a greater degree of involvement by

988-470: The City of Winnipeg) had run their parks & recreation programs through a council committee. Winnipeg's former Metropolitan Parks and Protection Division would provide the basis for the central administration for the new, unified Parks and Recreation Department. To review the City of Winnipeg Act , a provincial Committee of Review (the "Taraska" Commission) was appointed in 1975, chaired by Peter Stanley Taraska . The Committee found numerous problems in

1040-624: The Governor General's Conservation Awards and in 1983 he created the Edward Schreyer Fellowship in Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto . Also in 1983, he presided over the first Governor General's Canadian Study Conference, which has since been held every four years. Schreyer invested Terry Fox as a companion of the Order of Canada , travelling to Port Coquitlam , British Columbia , to present Fox with

1092-670: The Liberals and Progressive Conservatives considered forming a coalition to lock the NDP out of power. Finally, Liberal Laurent Desjardins threw his support to Schreyer (and later joined the NDP after a period as an independent), making Schreyer the first social democratic premier in Manitoba's history. Schreyer's premiership oversaw the amalgamation of the city of Winnipeg with its suburbs, introduced public automobile insurance, and significantly reduced medicare premiums. Re-elected in 1973 , Schreyer maintained his position as premier, though

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1144-538: The Mayor would be elected from Council rather than by the residents of Winnipeg—that was intended for Unicity. Juba argued for direct election , a view that proved to be popular, and pushed the continuation of the office of the mayor as a strong executive that is independent of the City Council. The 1971 City of Winnipeg Act , which established the city's boundaries and defined its neighbourhoods, incorporated

1196-537: The Senate to sit as party members, and some former Governors General who hailed from the United Kingdom returned there to sit with party affiliations in the House of Lords , sometimes even serving in cabinet. Schreyer lost to Conservative incumbent James Bezan , receiving 37% of the vote to Bezan's 49%. Earlier comments Schreyer had made describing homosexuality as an "affliction" were raised by his opponents in

1248-429: The Town of Tuxedo ; and the cities of East Kildonan , West Kildonan , St. Vital , Transcona , St. Boniface , and St. James-Assiniboia . The city-metropolitan government officially replaced the existing municipal governments on 1 January 1972. Though officially joined in 1972, these areas and their respective civic services (e.g. police departments) were not completely merged until years later. The creation of

1300-522: The Winnipeg Wards Boundaries Commission, in order to provide for the definition and recognition of 5 Community Committee areas comprising a total of 15 wards. Later that year, on December 31, Headingley seceded from the City of Winnipeg. On 29 October 1997, the City of Winnipeg Act was again amended, providing for a 4-term of office for Mayors and City Councillors, as well as replacing the Board of Commissioners with

1352-413: The building of suburban infrastructure , to the detriment of inner-city investment." This may have been inevitable, since the incorporation of so many large suburban areas into a unicity naturally increased the political clout of the suburbs at the expense of the old City of Winnipeg. Initially following the amalgamation, Winnipeg City Council consisted of 50 councillors (and the mayor ). The council

1404-497: The campaign, as the NDP supported same-sex marriage . While campaigning in 2005, Schreyer said he supported same-sex marriage as the existing legislation did not force religious institutions to marry same-sex couples. Schreyer also waded into the federal parliamentary dispute of 2008-09 , in which the opposition parties threatened to revoke their confidence in the sitting prime minister, Stephen Harper . Schreyer said: "Any group that presumes to govern must be willing to face and seek

1456-816: The city's 50 wards , and a mayor , elected by voters in the city-at-large. The inaugural meeting of the new City Council subsequently took place in the Council Chamber of the Winnipeg Civic Centre on 4 January 1972. Though officially joined in 1972, the total amalgamation of all areas and their respective civic departments (e.g. police) was not completed until years later, taking place in stages after considerable research and consultation. The Unicity-area Fire Departments , for instance, amalgamated in January 1974. The Winnipeg ambulance service subsequently formed in 1975. The scale of this operation

1508-613: The city, eliminating the suburban "property tax havens " that had coupled low tax rates with a high level of services provided by the city at the cost of higher tax rates overall. In 1984, the provincial government appointed a City of Winnipeg Act Review Committee, chaired by former City Councillor Lawrie Cherniack . In 1986, the Committee released the Cherniack Report, concluding that "the unicity structure, with its many suburban councillors and large tax base , facilitated

1560-483: The confidence of Parliament, and it mustn't be evaded and it mustn't be long avoided. I can't put it any more succinctly than that... I must come back to your use of the words, 'to duck a confidence vote'... that must simply not be allowed to happen." Ribbon bars of Edward Schreyer [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The wavy lines symbolise

1612-721: The council was this time less innovative, the only policy of note being the mining tax legislation implemented in 1974. Schreyer also served as his own minister of finance between 1972 and 1975, and as the minister responsible for Manitoba Hydro from 1971 to 1977. It was from those positions that Schreyer advised the Lieutenant Governor to authorise construction of hydroelectric works instead of coal and gas burning electricity generators, and also put forward legislation that simultaneously eliminated provincial health care premiums and implemented home care and pharmacare. Schreyer sometimes favoured policies different from those of

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1664-622: The creation of various specialty units within the Winnipeg Police, in addition to the canine unit which began in 1972. For instance, an underwater recovery unit existed in the Fort Garry Police Department and was enlarged; a letter bomb explosion in Winnipeg inspired the establishment of a bomb disposal unit; the possibilities of large public disorders brought on the creation of a crowd control unit; and

1716-404: The first Chief Commissioner of the new City of Winnipeg in 1971. The unicity system replaced the two-tier metropolitan system with first-past-the-post voting. The election of the first Winnipeg City Council was held on 6 October 1971 and the new City came into legal existence on 1 January 1972. Beginning in 1972, the new unified Council consisted of 50 councillors, one elected from each of

1768-485: The force nearly doubled with the authorized strength of 1975 at 921 officers and 171 staff—excluding 35 Commissionaires for parking patrol. Effective January 1975, all officers were required to be wearing the new Winnipeg Police Department shoulder flashes, "One With The Strength of Many", thereby completing the transition to a new force. The fire departments of the Unicity-area amalgamated in January 1974 to become

1820-399: The need for specially trained negotiators and weapons experts lead to the formation of an emergency response unit. Additionally, in order to enforce all laws within the public parks and other City-owned properties, section 661 of the new City of Winnipeg Act provided for the employment of watchmen , who had "all the authority and powers of, and [were] subject to the same liability and to

1872-467: The office of Governor General. On December 28, 1978, Queen Elizabeth II , by commission under the royal sign-manual and Great Seal of Canada , appointed Pierre Trudeau's choice of Schreyer to succeed Jules Léger as the Queen's representative. He was sworn in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 22, 1979, making him the first Governor General from Manitoba, and, at the age of forty-three,

1924-518: The order's insignia. In 1980, he caused controversy when he hesitated to call an election after Prime Minister Joe Clark advised him to do so. Schreyer also later suggested that he might have dissolved parliament at any point through 1981 and 1982, had the Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau tried to impose his constitutional proposals unilaterally. Schreyer's wish to connect with people in an open, friendly way conflicted with

1976-650: The performance of the same duties as, a constable under the Provincial Police Act ." The final amalgamation of the individual police forces took place on 21 October 1974, when the 8 remaining departments merged into the unified City of Winnipeg Police Department, commanded by Chief of Police Norman M. Stewart. Six separate districts would be formed based on geography, as St. Vital Police joined St. Boniface to become District #5 and East Kildonan Police joined Transcona to become District #4. The other districts became: When this final amalgamation took place,

2028-679: The political process. The Unicity reforms were originally proposed by the Manitoba New Democratic Party (NDP) government, led by Edward Schreyer , elected in 1969. That year, Saul Cherniack was appointed as the Minister responsible for the amalgamation, in addition to becoming the Minister of Finance . James Currie Gilmour was also a supervisor of the Unicity project. The coordination of policy and administration

2080-510: The political structure of the unicity, attributing such to the failure of the provincial government to fully implement the ideas of the original architects of the unicity plan. In 1976, the Commission recommended a parliamentary system for Unicity. Insofar as it did not achieve many of its lofty goals, the Unicity amalgamation has been widely regarded as a failure. However, it did have some success in equalizing property tax rates across

2132-561: The post of Governor General in 1984, Schreyer announced that he would donate his pension to the environmental Canadian Shield Foundation; unlike other former viceroys, he intended to remain in political and diplomatic life. On the same day he ceased to be Governor General, he was appointed by his successor to the office of High Commissioner to Australia , Papua New Guinea , the Solomon Islands , and Vanuatu for Her Majesty's Government in Canada. He held those positions until 1988, when he returned to Winnipeg. On returning to Canada, Schreyer

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2184-416: The public at large in local politics." However, the unicity reforms as actually enacted were far from those laid out in the NDP's original December 1970 white paper on the subject ("Proposals for Urban Reorganization in the Greater Winnipeg Area"). Then-Mayor of Winnipeg Stephen Juba played an integral role in the amalgamation project. He actively opposed the idea of having a cabinet government —wherein

2236-753: The station of the West Kildonan Police Department (22 members). On 1 October 1972, the Tuxedo Police Force (5 members) joined the Winnipeg Police Department (WPD; 528 members) in Winnipeg Inner City ; thereafter, the former Tuxedo Police Station at 2020 Corydon Avenue would be used as an ancillary office. Winnipeg also overtook responsibility for the RM of Charleswood , whose contract with

2288-702: The third youngest ever appointed, after the Marquess of Lorne in 1878 (33 years old), and the Marquess of Lansdowne in 1883 (38 years old). As Governor General, Schreyer championed women's issues, the environment, and official bilingualism . During his first year in office, he established the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case , to recognize the efforts of Emily Murphy and others to ensure that Canadian women would be constitutionally recognized as persons. In 1981 he instituted

2340-560: Was appointed the Chancellor of Brandon University and was re-elected to the position in early 2005 for a term that ended on October 31, 2008. Schreyer, then seventy years old, ran in the 2006 federal election as the NDP candidate in the riding of Selkirk—Interlake . It was the first time a former Governor General sought election to the Canadian House of Commons; previously, former Lieutenant Governors had been called to

2392-608: Was due to the fact that each former municipality had its own civil service with its own seniority lists , pension plans , benefits , classification systems , and collective agreements with employees. Not all functions within the new city joined together immediately. Though officially joined in 1972, the total amalgamation of all areas and their respective civic departments was not completed until 1974. The various Police Departments continued working as independent forces, each still maintaining their own radio system, stations, and distinct uniforms. In case of an emergency, they would use

2444-832: Was employed as a national representative of Habitat for Humanity , an honorary director of the Sierra Legal Defence Fund, and an honorary advisor to the Canadian Foundation for the Preservation of Chinese Cultural and Historical Treasures. He was also a founding member of the Winnipeg Library Foundation. Starting in 1989, he acted as a guest professor at universities around North America and Europe , lecturing on matters relating to resource geography, energy economics, and environmental impact. On November 1, 2002, Schreyer

2496-407: Was not of British and Protestant descent. Schreyer led his party to a watershed showing in the 1969 provincial election . The NDP picked up 17 seats, vaulting them from third place in the legislature to first place. Schreyer himself returned to the legislature from the newly created north Winnipeg seat of Rossmere . However, with 28 seats, the NDP was one seat short of a majority. Initially,

2548-620: Was on June 8 elected leader of the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP), the successor to the Manitoba CCF. He differed in some ways from the previous leaders of Manitoba's NDP: he came from a rural background and was not committed to socialism as an ideology; he won the support of many centrist voters who had not previously identified with the party. Also, he was the first leader of the Manitoba CCF/NDP who

2600-475: Was reduced to 29 councillors in 1980; and to 15 councillors in 1992. These reductions have garnered pushback: according to the Canadian Union of Public Employees Local 500, "One of the cornerstones of Unicity was the assurance to all citizens that amalgamation would not reduce resident involvement in civic politics." On 7 October 1992, the City of Winnipeg Act was amended, as per the recommendation of

2652-409: Was the municipal incorporation of the old City of Winnipeg , eleven surrounding municipalities , and the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg (Metro) into one. The amalgamated city's boundaries were established by the 1971 City of Winnipeg Act , combining the former Winnipeg and Metro with the rural municipalities of Charleswood , Fort Garry , North Kildonan , and Old Kildonan ;

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2704-413: Was to be facilitated by the close cooperation of a Board of Commissioners , who would act as the senior officers of the city's civil service, and the 50-member City Council with its 3 standing committees (Finance, Environment, and Works and Operations). In order to deliver services at the local level, the city was to be divided into 13 community committee areas. The community committee would be composed of

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