42-435: Wrigley may refer to: Companies [ edit ] Wrigley Company , a chewing gum manufacturer EG Wrigley and Company , a British manufacturer of cars, car components and mechanical parts People [ edit ] Wrigley (surname) , a list of people with the name Places [ edit ] United States [ edit ] Wrigley, Long Beach , California,
84-548: A Marsh Supermarket in Troy , Ohio installed the first bar code scanning equipment. The first product to be scanned using a Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code was a 10-pack of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit gum. (This pack of gum is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution 's National Museum of American History .) In 1984, Wrigley introduced a new gum, Extra, which followed the new trend of sugar-free gums in
126-502: A convergent evolution process, as traces of this habit have arisen separately in many early civilizations. Each early precursor to chewing gum was derived from natural growths local to the region and was chewed purely out of the instinctual desire to masticate. Early chewers did not necessarily desire to derive nutritional benefits from their chewable substances but at times sought taste stimuli and teeth cleaning or breath-freshening capabilities. Chewing gum in many forms has existed since
168-571: A Major League Baseball ballpark in Chicago Wrigley Field (Los Angeles) , a ballpark Wrigley National Midget Tournament , a former Canadian ice hockey tournament (1973–1978) Wrigley Cup, former name of the Telus Cup , Canada's national under-18 ice hockey club championship Wrigley Trophy , an award given for motorboat racing in 1912 Other uses [ edit ] USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies ,
210-589: A University of Southern California research institute HBC Wrigley , a Hudson's Bay steamship built in 1885 See also [ edit ] Wrigley Building , a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States Wrigley Lodge , Chicago, Illinois, a building owned by the Salvation Army Wrigley Botanical Gardens , Santa Catalina Island, California, United States Wrigley Mansion , Phoenix, Arizona, United States, on
252-642: A group of neighborhoods Wrigley, Kentucky , an unincorporated community Wrigley, Tennessee , a census-designated place and unincorporated community Elsewhere [ edit ] Wrigley, Northwest Territories , Canada, a community Wrigley Airport Wrigley Brook , a culverted watercourse in Greater Manchester, England Wrigley Airfield , an American World War II airfield on Eniwetok Atoll Wrigley Bluffs , Queen Elizabeth Land, Antarctica Wrigley Gulf , Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica Sports [ edit ] Wrigley Field ,
294-711: A landmark on Chicago's Magnificent Mile , was the company's global headquarters until 2011, when it was sold to an investor group that included Zeller Realty Group as well as Groupon co-founders Eric Lefkofsky and Brad Keywell. The company has been headquartered in the GIC since 2012. In 2016, Mars announced that Wrigley would be merged with its chocolate segment to form a new subsidiary, Mars Wrigley Confectionery. The new company would maintain global offices in Chicago, while moving its U.S. offices to Hackettstown and Newark , New Jersey. In 1891, 29-year-old William Wrigley Jr. (1861–1932) came to Chicago from Philadelphia with $ 32 and
336-522: A patent for automatically cutting wrappers for sticks of chewing gum: US 913,352 "Web-cutting attachment for wrapping-machines" 23 February 1909 from Louisville, Kentucky, inventor James Henry Brady, an employee of the Colgan Gum Company. Modern chewing gum was first developed in the 1860s when chicle was brought from Mexico by the former president, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna , to New York, where he gave it to Thomas Adams for use as
378-570: A ration and traded it with locals. Synthetic gums were first introduced to the U.S. after chicle no longer satisfied the needs of making good chewing gum. By the 1960s, US manufacturers had switched to butadiene -based synthetic rubber , as it was cheaper to manufacture. In the United States, chewing gum experienced a decline in popularity in the early 21st century, as it lost its association with counterculture and teenage rebelliousness. Others blamed smartphones reducing impulse purchases at
420-534: A reorganization plan. Wrigley helped establish the Wrigley Science Institute (WSI) in 2006 to study the oral health benefits of gum chewing. The WSI investigates the effects of gum chewing on weight management, stress relief, concentration, and oral health. On October 23, 2006, William D. Perez (1948–) succeeded Bill Wrigley as CEO, becoming the first person outside the Wrigley family to head
462-501: A rubber substitute. Chicle did not succeed as a replacement for rubber, but as a gum cut into strips and marketed as Adams New York Chewing Gum in 1871. Black Jack (1884), which is flavored with licorice, Chiclets (1899), and Wrigley's Spearmint Gum were early popular gums that quickly dominated the market and are all still around today. Chewing gum gained worldwide popularity through American GIs in WWII, who were supplied chewing gum as
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#1732776426041504-508: Is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed. Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base , sweeteners, softeners/ plasticizers , flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating. Its texture is reminiscent of rubber because of the physical-chemical properties of its polymer, plasticizer, and resin components, which contribute to its elastic-plastic, sticky, chewy characteristics. The cultural tradition of chewing gum seems to have developed through
546-614: Is considered proprietary information known by select individuals within each gum-manufacturing company. Information about the other components of chewing gum are more accessible to the public and they are listed in Table 2 . Table 2: Common ingredients in the formulation of modern chewing gum Artificial Sweeteners: 0.05–0.5% sugar, dextrose, glucose or corn syrup, erythritol, isomalt, xylitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharine, sucralose, neohesperidine, dihydrichalcone Peppermint and spearmint are
588-685: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Wrigley Company The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company , known as the Wrigley Company , is an American multinational candy and chewing gum company, based in the Global Innovation Center (GIC) in Goose Island , Chicago, Illinois. Wrigley's is wholly owned by Mars Inc. , and, along with Mars chocolate bars and other candy products, makes up Mars Wrigley Confectionery . It
630-420: Is not required by law to be labeled with an expiration date. If chewing gum remains in a stable environment, over time the gum may become brittle or lose some of its flavor, but it will never be unsafe to eat. If chewing gum is exposed to moisture, over time water migration may occur, making the gum soggy. In lollipops with a gum center, water migration can lead to the end of the product's shelf life, as it causes
672-686: Is the largest manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum in the world. The company currently sells its products in over 180 countries and districts, operates in over 50 countries, and has 21 production facilities in 14 countries. The company was founded on April 1, 1891, in Chicago, Illinois by William Wrigley Jr. Wrigley's gum was traditionally made out of chicle , sourced largely from Central America. In 1952, in response to Decree 900 , land reforms attempting to end feudal working conditions for peasant farmers in Guatemala , Wrigley's discontinued purchasing chicle from that country. Wrigley's announced
714-522: The First Americans . Around 1850 a gum made from paraffin wax , a petroleum product, was developed and soon exceeded the spruce gum in popularity. To sweeten these early gums, the chewer would often make use of a plate of powdered sugar, which they would repeatedly dip the gum in to maintain sweetness. William F. Semple, a dentist from Mount Vernon, Ohio , filed an early patent on chewing gum, patent number 98,304, on 28 December 1869. Semple's gum
756-626: The Fischer–Tropsch process ) Petroleum wax Petroleum wax synthetic Polyethylene Polyisobutylene Polyvinyl acetate Jelutong Leche caspi (sorva) Pendare Perillo Leche de vaca Niger gutta Tunu (tuno) Chilte Natural rubber First, gum base is previously prepared through a melting and straining or filtering process. The formulation for gum base is proprietary information known to few individuals within each gum-producing company. Next, other ingredients such as nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners and flavors are added to
798-938: The LEED Gold Certification through Wrigley's commitment to global sustainability. In the 2010 Olympic Games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Wrigley was the Official Confectionery Supplier of the games, in which the company sported Olympic-themed packs and products. Martin Radvan became the president of the Wrigley Company after Petrovich. He is responsible for the company's worldwide strategy, operations, and business performance. United States Canada The Wrigley Company Ltd., Estover, Plymouth, UK Additional products and brands Alpine Gum
840-569: The Neolithic period. 5,000-year-old chewing gum made from birch bark tar , with tooth imprints, has been found in Kierikki in Finland. The tar from which the gums were made is believed to have antiseptic properties and other medicinal benefits. It is chemically similar to petroleum tar and is in this way different from most other early gum. The Mayans and Aztecs were the first to exploit
882-583: The National Register of Historic Places Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wrigley . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wrigley&oldid=1188231902 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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#1732776426041924-494: The US Armed Forces. Wrigley launched the "Remember this Wrapper" ad campaign to keep the Wrigley brands on the minds of the customers during times of wartime rationing. Wrigley's P.K. brand was named after P.K. Wrigley. In 1961, Philip K. Wrigley handed control to his son, William Wrigley III (1933–1999). Wrigley led a strategic global expansion by establishing Wrigley facilities in nine new countries. On June 26, 1974,
966-668: The US. Wrigley also assumed control of the Chicago Cubs after his father's death in 1977, and sold the team to the Chicago Tribune in 1981. William "Beau" Wrigley IV (1963–), following the death of Wrigley III (his father), led the sugar-free gum campaign across Europe, Australia, Spain, India, and China. In 2005, Kraft Foods sold the Life Savers and Altoids businesses to Wrigley in exchange for $ 1.5 billion as part of
1008-407: The balsam tree ( Myroxylon ), creating small sticks of flavored chewing gum he named "Taffy Tolu". Colgan also led the way in the manufacturing and packaging of chicle -based chewing gum, derived from Manilkara chicle , a tropical evergreen tree. He licensed a patent for automatically cutting chips of chewing gum from larger sticks: US 966,160 "Chewing Gum Chip Forming Machine" 2 August 1910 and
1050-529: The checkout. Demand for chewing gum also declined during the COVID-19 pandemic , as people were less concerned about bad breath and impulse purchases also declined. U.S. sales of gum fell about 30 percent, and while demand was back up to the pre-pandemic level in 2023 in dollar terms, this was the result of inflation as the average price of a pack increased $ 1.01 from 2018 to $ 2.71 in 2023. Globally, sales were down 10 percent from 2018. Gum base composition
1092-598: The closure of its Santa Cruz, California manufacturing plant in April 1996. The plant had been built in 1955. The 385,000-square-foot manufacturing facility was put on the market in October 1996 for US$ 11.3 million, or about $ 30 a square foot. In 2005, Wrigley purchased Life Savers and Altoids from Kraft Foods for US$ 1.5 billion. On January 23, 2007, Wrigley signed a purchase agreement to acquire an 80% initial interest in A. Korkunov for $ 300 million with
1134-467: The company. In 2007, the company debuted 5 Gum in the United States. The 5 Gum brand was marketed using cinematic TV commercials portraying "How it feels to chew 5 Gum." Perez led the efforts of improving slimmer packaging (Slim Pack) with flavor improvements across both Extra and Wrigley brands. Dushan Petrovich (1954–) succeeded Perez almost immediately after Mars, Incorporated's 2008 purchase of Wrigley. In 2009, Wrigley's Global Innovation Center received
1176-594: The consumers' intent to form bubbles or the sugar/sugarless dichotomy. Chewing gum typically comes in three formats: tablets, coated pellets, and sticks/ slabs. Bubble gum typically come in three formats as well: tablets, hollow balls, and cubes or chunks. Stick, slab, and tab gums typically come in packs of about five to 17 sticks or more, and their medium size allows for softer texture. Pellet gums, or dragée gums, are pillow shaped pieces that are almost always coated. Packaging of pellet gums can vary from boxes to bottles to blister packs. The coating of pellet gum allows for
1218-407: The exterior hard candy shell to soften and the interior gum center to harden. The physical and chemical properties of chewing gum impact all aspects of this product, from manufacturing to sensory perception during mastication. The polymers that make up the main component of chewing gum base are hydrophobic. This property is essential because it allows for retention of physical properties throughout
1260-441: The extruder using a vertical cutter. Sheeting is a technique often used for stick, slab and tab gums. Next, gum is either conditioned by being sprinkled with a powdered polyol or coated via the application of subsequent layers of coating using temperature controlled coating basins before it is sent to packaging. Chewing gum can come in a variety of formats ranging from 1.4 to 6.9 grams per piece, and products can be differentiated by
1302-461: The gum base until the warm mixture thickens like dough. The gum base mixture is heated during this mixing process to increase the entropy of the polymers to achieve a more uniform dispersion of ingredients. Then, extrusion technology is implemented to smooth, form, and shape the gum. Next, the gum goes through a shaping process that is determined by gum type and consumer demand. For example, cut and wrap (chunk or cube) pieces are severed straight out of
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1344-434: The idea to start a business selling Wrigley's Scouring Soap. Wrigley offered premiums as an incentive to buy his soap, such as baking powder. Later in his career, he switched to the baking powder business, in which he began offering two packages of chewing gum for each purchase of a can of baking powder. The popular premium, chewing gum, began to seem more promising, prompting another switch in product focus. Wrigley also became
1386-475: The majority owner of the Chicago Cubs in 1921. After William Wrigley Jr. died, his son Philip K. Wrigley (1894–1977) assumed his father's position as CEO of the Wrigley Company. Wrigley is most well known for his unusual move to support US troops and protect the reputation of the Wrigley brand during World War II, in which he dedicated the entire output of Wrigley's Spearmint, Doublemint, and Juicy Fruit to
1428-456: The modernization and commercialization of this product mainly took place in the United States. The American Indians chewed resin made from the sap of spruce trees. The New England settlers picked up this practice, and in 1848, John B. Curtis developed and sold the first commercial chewing gum called The State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum. In this way, the industrializing West, having forgotten about tree gums, rediscovered chewing gum through
1470-420: The most popular flavors. Food acids are implemented to provide a sour flavor (i.e. citric, tartaric, malic, lactic, adipic, and fumaric acids). Maltitol/Isomalt Mannitol Starch Gum base is made of polymers, plasticizers, and resins. Polymers , including elastomers, are responsible for the stretchy and sticky nature of chewing gum. Plasticizers improve flexibility and reduce brittleness, contributing to
1512-455: The natural and synthetic gum base components approved for use in the United States, demonstrating some examples of key gum base components. Table 3: Gum base ingredients approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2016) Chicle Chiquibul Crown gum Gutta hang kang Massaranduba balata Massaranduba chocolate Nispero Rosidinha Venezuelan chicle Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer ( butyl rubber ) Paraffin (via
1554-659: The opportunity for multiple flavor sensations, since coating is done in a layering process and different flavor attributes can be added to various layers. Cube or chunk gums, which are typically intended for bubble blowing, are called cut and wrap gums as they are typically severed from continuous strands of extruded gum and packaged directly. Chewing gum is rather shelf stable because of its non-reactive nature and low moisture content. The water activity of chewing gum ranges from 0.40 to 0.65. The moisture content of chewing gum ranges from three to six percent. In fact, chewing gum retains its quality for so long that, in most countries, it
1596-400: The plastic and elastic nature of gum. The interactions of plasticizers within gum base are governed by solubility parameters, molecular weight, and chemical structure. Resins compose the hydrophobic portion of the gum base, responsible for its chewiness. Although the exact ingredients and proportions used in each brand's gum base are trade secrets within the gum industry, Table 3 lists all of
1638-691: The positive properties of gum; they used chicle , a natural tree gum , as a base for making a gum-like substance and to stick objects together in everyday use. Forms of chewing gum were also chewed in Ancient Greece . The Ancient Greeks chewed mastic gum , made from the resin of the mastic tree . Mastic gum, like birch bark tar, has antiseptic properties and is believed to have been used to maintain oral health. Both chicle and mastic are tree resins. Many other cultures have chewed gum-like substances made from plants, grasses, and resins . Although chewing gum can be traced back to civilizations worldwide,
1680-442: The remaining 20% to be acquired over time. On April 28, 2008, Mars, Incorporated announced that it would acquire Wrigley for approximately $ 23 billion. Financing for the transaction was provided by Berkshire Hathaway , Goldman Sachs , and JPMorgan ; Berkshire Hathaway held a minority equity investment in Wrigley until October 2016, when Mars took full control over the company. The Wrigley Building on Michigan Avenue ,
1722-534: Was a gum made by Wrigley's , and was only sold in Canada. It is an alternative to cough syrup . It cools the throat and relieves sore throat pain. Alpine was discontinued in 2005. In 2013, Wrigley temporarily halted production and sales of its new Alert energy gum after the US Food and Drug Administration said it would investigate the safety of added caffeine in food products. Chewing gum Chewing gum
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1764-431: Was intended to clean the teeth and strengthen the chewer's jaw. It was not a sweet treat; ingredients included chalk and powdered licorice root. Charcoal was also suggested as a "suitable" ingredient in the patent. The first flavored chewing gum was created in the 1860s by John Colgan , a Louisville, Kentucky, pharmacist. Colgan mixed with powdered sugar the aromatic flavoring tolu , a powder obtained from an extract of
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