79-743: Wular Lake ( Urdu pronunciation: [ʋʊləɾ] ), also known as Wolar ( Kashmiri pronunciation: [wɔlar] ) in Kashmiri , is one of the largest fresh water lakes in South Asia . It is located near Bandipora town in the Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir , India. The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River and stream Madhumati and Arin. The lake's size varies seasonally from 30 to 189 square kilometres. In addition, much of
158-538: A Ramsar site . However it faces environmental threats including the conversion of large parts of the lake's catchment areas into agriculture land, pollution from fertilizers and animal wastes, hunting of waterfowl and migratory birds, and weed infestation in the lake itself. Wular Lake is an important fish habitat, the main species being the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), rosy barb ( Barbus conchonius ), mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ), Nemacheilus species, Crossocheilus latius , and various snowtrout species in
237-626: A field marshal ) was a colonel in the Directorate of Military Operations who went to Srinagar with V. P. Menon to assess the situation on 26 October 1947. He later told in an interview: Fortunately for Kashmir, the tribals were busy raiding, raping all along. In Baramulla they killed Colonel D.O.T. Dykes. Dykes and I were of the same seniority. We did our first year's attachment with the Royal Scots in Lahore, way back in 1934-5. Tom went to
316-722: A Kashmiri language movement have been challenged by the scattered nature of the Kashmiri-speaking community in Azad Kashmir. The Kashmiri language is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . It was a part of the Eighth Schedule in the former constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. Along with other regional languages mentioned in the Sixth Schedule , as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language
395-451: A Muslim patient whose baby had just been born. She was shot dead first. The Patient was next. Mother Superior Aldetude rushed into the ward, knelt over Philomena and was at once attacked and robbed. The Assistant Mother, Teresalina , saw a tribesman point a rifle at Mother Aldetrude and jumped in front of her. A bullet went through Teresalina's heart. At the moment Colonel Dykes, who had assured us we would not be attacked, raced from his room
474-493: A few yards along the terrace to get the Mother Superior out of danger, shouting at the tribesmen as he ran. But the Mother Superior fell shot, and Colonel Dykes collapsed beside her with a bullet in the stomach. Mrs Dykes ran from her husband's room to help him. She too was shot dead. While this went on, Mr Gee Boretto, an Anglo-Indian, was killed in the garden before nine Christian Nuns. Then the nuns were lined up before
553-434: A firing squad. As the tribesmen raised their rifles a young Afridi Officer, who once studied in a Convent School at Peshawar, rushed in and stopped them. At least there are living features of human quality in these incidents. He had been told his men were raiding a Convent, and had run all the way from the town. That saved all our lives by a few seconds. We did not find Mrs Dykes until the following day. She had been thrown down
632-619: A looting spree. Thousands of Hindus and Sikhs were killed and thousands of young women, girls and children were kidnapped and taken captive by the Pakistani invaders. On the morning of 27 October, India airlifted troops from Delhi to the Srinagar airfield while the tribal forces were still at Baramulla, harassing, looting, killing and kidnapping the people. The population of Baramulla town had been decimated from 14,000 to just 1,000 by killing of men and kidnapping of girls and women; and
711-758: A medical college associated with the district hospital. The north campus of the University of Kashmir is located outskirts the Baramulla town, and an engineering college has been established. CIIIT is only Institute in kashmir valley which is located in kanispora area of Baramulla Baramulla has the government Baramulla Polytechnic College , which was established in 2012. It is in the Kanispora area of Baramulla city. The polytechnic teaches three-year diploma courses in electrical engineering and architecture . Government Medical college Baramulla has started functioning
790-564: A number of government-run schools. Higher secondary schools are known as intermediate colleges. There are separate higher secondary schools for boys and girls further one Higher Secondary School in old Town, Baramulla has a Kendriya Vidyalaya , Navodaya Vidayala in Shahkot and Sainik (military) school , both affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education . Baramulla has separate government degree colleges for men and women, and
869-411: A privately run facility for mothers and child hospital called St Joseph's Hospital. It was started in 1921 and is running smoothly to the entire satisfaction of the populace. Government Medical College, Baramulla was inaugurated in year 2018 and started its function from its first batch in year 2019. Eco Park is on the island in the middle of Jhelum river on the road from Baramulla town to Uri . It
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#1732771800399948-431: A reservoir for a run of the river (RoR) hydro power plant by envisaging a low head (nearly 8 meters rated head) power plant. The available deepened river bed level at the toe of the dam can be below 1,570 m (5,151 ft) MSL for 4,000 cusecs flow. Simultaneously, the enlarged lake can also meet the downstream navigational requirements fully during the lean flow season. The regulated buffer / surcharge water storage in
1027-419: A serious military action." According to Mohammad Akbar Khan (Colonel, Pakistan army, who was promoted as Brigadier and made in charge of sending the tribals to Kashmir and who had been a contemporary of Col. Dykes at Royal Military College, Sandhurst ) in his War for Kashmir in 1947 , "The uncouth raiders delayed in Baramulla for two (whole) days." Biju Patnaik (later Chief Minister of Odisha ) piloted
1106-612: A twenty-nine-year-old Spanish nun who had been in Baramulla only a few weeks, as well as Mother Aldertrude, the Assistant Mother Superior, and one Mr Jose Barretto, husband of the doctor, met their deaths at tribal hands. Charles Chevenix Trench wrote in The Frontier Scouts (1985): In October 1947... tribal lashkars hastened in lorries – undoubtedly with official logistic support – into Kashmir... at least one British Officer, Harvey-Kelly took part in
1185-456: A well." Father Shank of the Convent [UN doc # S/PV.762/Add.1/Annex 1/No. 27]: "Their buses and trucks, loaded with booty, arrived every other day and took more Pathans to Kashmir. Ostensibly they wanted to liberate their Kashmir Muslim brothers, but their primary objective was to riot and loot. In this they made no distinction between Hindu, Sikhs and Muslims. The raiders advanced in Baramulla,
1264-664: Is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region , primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir , over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order . Since 2020, It has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri , Hindi , Urdu and English. Kashmiri
1343-437: Is a fusional language with verb-second (V2) word order. Several of Kashmiri's grammatical features distinguish it from other Indo-Aryan languages . Kashmiri nouns are inflected according to gender, number and case. There are no articles , nor is there any grammatical distinction for definiteness , although there is some optional adverbial marking for indefinite or "generic" noun qualities. The Kashmiri gender system
1422-702: Is a city and municipality of the Baramulla district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir . It is also the administrative headquarters of the Baramulla district, located on the banks of the River Jhelum downstream from Srinagar , the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. The town was known as gateway of Kashmir, serving as the major distribution centre for goods arriving in Kashmir valley from Punjab through Muzaffarabad and then distributed along
1501-513: Is a joint initiative of individuals with the aim to protect the ecology and to conserve the nature at Wular Lake. The shores of Wular Lake, the biggest freshwater lake in Asia, are now filled with trash. Waste has piled up along the lake's edges and in the water, endangering the lake's fish and plants. Parts of the lake have become shallow, and areas that used to be wide open water are now covered in mud and garbage. This buildup of waste and mud has made
1580-542: Is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India. Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir 's population. There are about 6.8 million speakers of Kashmiri and related dialects in Jammu and Kashmir and amongst the Kashmiri diaspora in other states of India. Most Kashmiri speakers are located in the Kashmir Valley , Chenab valley and other areas of Jammu and Kashmir. In kashmir valley and Chenab valley they form Majority. Kashmiri
1659-402: Is approached by a wooden bridge. It was developed by J&K Tourism Development Corporation with a blend of modern substructure and natural exquisiteness. This ecological tourism park offers a view with mountains in the background, Jhelum river flowing along the island, and lush, green, well-maintained gardens with some beautifully designed wooden huts. It is one of the best places to visit in
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#17327718003991738-520: Is derived from the Sanskrit Varāhamūla (वराहमूल), a combination of varaha (boar) and mūla (root or deep) meaning "boar's molar." According to Hindu mythology, the Kashmir Valley was once a lake known as Satisaras ( Parvati 's Lake in Sanskrit). Ancient Hindu texts relate that the lake was occupied by the demon Jalodbhava (meaning "originated from water") until Lord Vishnu assumed
1817-477: Is distinct from, although still intelligible with, the Kashmiri of the Neelam Valley to the north. In Neelam Valley, Kashmiri is the second most widely spoken language and the majority language in at least a dozen or so villages, where in about half of these, it is the sole mother tongue. The Kashmiri dialect of Neelum is closer to the variety spoken in northern Kashmir Valley, particularly Kupwara . At
1896-605: Is divided into masculine and feminine. Feminine forms are typically generated by the addition of a suffix (or in most cases, a morphophonemic change, or both) to a masculine noun. A relatively small group of feminine nouns have unique suppletion forms that are totally different from the corresponding masculine forms. The following table illustrates the range of possible gender forms: دُکاندار دُکانداریٚنؠ Baramulla Baramulla ( Urdu pronunciation: [bɑːɾɑːmuːlɑː] ), also known as Varmul ( Kashmiri pronunciation: [warmul] ) in Kashmiri ,
1975-500: Is on the north bank of the river, and the new town is on the south bank. They are connected by five bridges, including a suspension bridge connecting Gulnar Park and Dewan Bagh. Five more bridges are being built or are planned. A bridge will connect the Khanpora and Drangbal areas of the city. The old town is densely populated and smaller than the new town. Government offices, hospitals, the bus station and most other facilities are in
2054-471: Is pronounced as / t͡s / instead of / ʒ / . However, the vowel inventory of Kashmiri is significantly larger than other Perso-Arabic derived or influenced South Asian Perso-Arabic scripts. There are 17 vowels in Kashmiri, shown with diacritics , letters ( alif , waw , ye ), or both. In Kashmiri, the convention is that most vowel diacritics are written at all times. Despite Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script cutting across religious boundaries and being used by both
2133-470: Is recognized as the official script of Kashmiri language by the Jammu and Kashmir government and the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages . The Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script has been derived from Persian alphabet . The consonant inventory and their corresponding pronunciations of Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script doesn't differ from Perso-Arabic script, with the exception of the letter ژ , which
2212-401: Is reputed to have ordered the construction of the artificial island of Zaina Lank in the middle of the lake in 1444. According to the traditional beliefs in the vicinity of Wular Lake there once stood a city whose king was Raja Sudrasen. By the reason of the enormity of his crimes, the waters of the lake rose and drowned him and his subjects. It was said that during the winter months, at low water
2291-551: Is spoken by roughly five percent of Azad Kashmir 's population. According to the 1998 Pakistan Census , there were 132,450 Kashmiri speakers in Azad Kashmir. Native speakers of the language were dispersed in "pockets" throughout Azad Kashmir, particularly in the districts of Muzaffarabad (15%), Neelam (20%) and Hattian (15%), with very small minorities in Haveli (5%) and Bagh (2%). The Kashmiri spoken in Muzaffarabad
2370-495: Is the fourth-most populous city in Jammu and Kashmir state. Baramulla's old town is known as Shehr-e-Khas, and its new town as Greater Baramulla. Religion in Baramulla City (2011) As of 2011 India census , Baramulla had a population of 71,434. There were 38,677 males (54%) and 32,757 females (46%). Of the population, 8,878 (12.4%) were age 0-6: 4,851 males (55%) and 4,027 females (45%). The literacy rate for
2449-406: The 2017 Census of Pakistan , as many as 350,000 people declared their first language to be Kashmiri. A process of language shift is observable among Kashmiri-speakers in Azad Kashmir according to linguist Tariq Rahman , as they gradually adopt local dialects such as Pahari-Pothwari , Hindko or move towards the lingua franca Urdu . This has resulted in these languages gaining ground at
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2528-814: The Dogra rule . In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time. Poguli and Kishtwari are closely related to Kashmiri, which are spoken in the mountains to the south of the Kashmir Valley and have sometimes been counted as dialects of Kashmiri. The people in the Chenab region of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir mainly speak kashmiri but accent and some words are little bit different and they are sometimes referred as Chenabi Kashmiris meaning Kashmiris of Chenab Valley . Kashmiri has
2607-424: The Kashmir Valley . More than eight thousand fishermen earn their livelihood from the lake, primarily fishing for the endemic Schizothorax species and the non-native carp. Their catch comprises about 60 percent of the total yield of fish in Kashmir. Hundreds of other local villagers are employed by cooperative societies that trade the fish catch. Many other families harvest plants such as the grass Phragmites and
2686-802: The Kashmiri Hindus and the Kashmiri Muslims , some attempts have been made to give a religious outlook regarding the script and make Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script to be associated with Kashmiri Muslims , while the Kashmiri Devanagari script to be associated with some sections of Kashmiri Hindu community. The Kashmiri language was traditionally written in the Sharada script after the 8th Century A.D. The script grew increasingly unsuitable for writing Kashmiri because it couldn't adequately represent Kashmiri peculiar sounds by
2765-628: The Rawalpindi - Murree - Muzaffarabad -Baramulla Road) until 27 October 1947. It was ceded to India when the Maharajah signed the instrument of accession on 26 October 1947. The city is the headquarters of the Baramulla district . Pashtun tribesmen from Pakistan (guided and aided by Pakistani army regulars in civilian clothes) attacked Kashmir to seize the state. They moved along the Rawalpindi - Murree - Muzaffarabad -Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947. Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947, and
2844-503: The UN Security Council on 5 February 1948: "The raiders came to our land, massacred thousands of people – mostly Sikhs, but Hindus and Muslims, too – abducted thousands of girls, Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims alike, looted our property and almost reached the gates of our summer capital, Srinagar." Robert Trumbull, The New York Times , 10 Nov 1947; reporting from Baramulla [UN doc # S/PV.762/Add.1/Annex 1/No. 26]: The raid of
2923-399: The 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). India stopped work on the project that year, but has since pressed to restart construction. The Jhelum River passing through the Kashmir valley below Wular Lake which is a connecting lake as per IWT, provides an important means of transport for goods and people. To sustain navigation throughout the year, a minimum depth of water is needed. India contends that
3002-789: The Indo-Aryan mainstream. One is the partial maintenance of the three sibilant consonants s ṣ ś of the Old Indo-Aryan period. For another example, the prefixing form of the number 'two', which is found in Sanskrit as dvi- , has developed into ba-/bi- in most other Indo-Aryan languages, but du- in Kashmiri (preserving the original dental stop d ). Seventy-two is dusatath in Kashmiri, bahattar in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi, and dvisaptati in Sanskrit. Certain features in Kashmiri even appear to stem from Indo-Aryan even predating
3081-580: The Jhelum Valley Road towards Banihal. The town was earlier known as Vārāhamūla . The name is derived from two Sanskrit words, Vārāha (meaning wild boar) and Mūla (meaning root/origin). The town was a major urban settlement and trade centre, before suffering extensive damage during the 1947 Pakistani tribal invasion of Kashmir . Currently, Baramulla is a major centre of business and education in Northern Kashmir. The name Baramulla
3160-614: The Kashmiri language: the Perso-Arabic script , the Devanagari script and the Sharada script . The Roman script is also sometimes informally used to write Kashmiri, especially online. Today Kashmiri is primarily written in Perso-Arabic (with some modifications). Among languages written in the Perso-Arabic script, Kashmiri is one of the scripts that regularly indicates all vowel sounds. The Kashmiri Perso-Arabic script
3239-537: The October 1947 atrocities in Baramulla, particularly on the Christian mission convent and hospital, in his book "A Mission in Kashmir". The road network has been improved in Baramulla since 1947, and better educational facilities have been created. Bridges on the Jhelum River have been built (or are planned) to connect the old town on the north bank of the river with the new town on the south bank. Urban renewal in
Wular Lake - Misplaced Pages Continue
3318-795: The Ramsar Convention. Against the Ramsar Conventions, the lake area is being used for garbage dumping. Amongst other developments, two million trees will be cut to restore Wular Lake under the National Lake Conservation Programme. The Environment Ministry of India approved Rs 4 billion for the restoration project for the lake that will take 5 to 10 years and was after long delays scheduled to start in December 2011. The partner organisation South Asian Voluntary Association of Environmentalists (SAVE)
3397-611: The Sikh regiment. I went to the Frontier Force regiment. We'd lost contact with each other. He'd become a lieutenant colonel. I'd become a full colonel. Tom and his wife were holidaying in Baramulla when the tribesmen killed them. Tom Cooper of the Air Combat Information Group wrote, "The Pathans appeared foremost interested in looting, killing, ransacking and other crimes against the inhabitants instead of
3476-645: The Tulbul Project is permissible per paragraphs 7 (c) and 9 of Annexure E, IWT while Pakistan maintains that the project is a violation of the treaty if the storage is above 10,000 acre-feet (12 × 10 ^ m) for non-power generation purpose. India says suspension of work is harming the interests of people of Jammu and Kashmir and also depriving irrigation and power benefits to the people of Pakistan that may accrue from regulated water releases. The lake storage capacity can be increased per IWT to 300,000 acre feet or more up to 1580 m MSL by considering it as
3555-683: The Vedic period. For instance, there was an /s/ > /h/ consonant shift in some words that had already occurred with Vedic Sanskrit (This tendency was complete in the Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian), yet is lacking in Kashmiri equivalents. The word rahit in Vedic Sanskrit and modern Hindi-Urdu (meaning 'excluding' or 'without') corresponds to rost in Kashmiri. Similarly, sahit (meaning 'including' or 'with') corresponds to sost in Kashmiri. There are three orthographical systems used to write
3634-634: The Wular lake would substantially enhance the power generation from the downstream Lower Jhelum (105 MW), Uri (720 MW), proposed 1124 MW Kohala (in PaK ), proposed 720 MW Azad Pattan (in PaK), 590-MW Mahl hydropower project (in PaK) and proposed 720 MW Karot (in PaK) RoR hydel projects though its own power plant's generation is marginal. Construction of a RoR power plant with sufficient sluice gates would also flush
3713-443: The aircraft and found the airstrip empty. The raiders were too busy distributing the war booty among themselves in Baramulla. Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai immediately moved with his small platoon towards Baramulla hoping to stop the tribal raiders at the mouth of the funnel which opens 5 km east of Baramulla into a wide valley. He led his men from the front and died of bullet wound the same day, 27 October 1947, at Patan but delayed
3792-511: The biggest commercial centre of the region with a population of 11,000 until they were only an hour away from Srinagar. For the next three days they were engaged in massive plunder, rioting and rape. No one was spared. Even members of the St. Joseph's Mission Hospital were brutally massacred." - 'Half Way to Freedom' by Margaret Bourke-White Andrew Whitehead, who was BBC correspondent in India, reported on
3871-520: The campaign. It seemed that nothing could stop these hordes of tribesmen taking Srinagar with its vital airfield. Indeed nothing did, but their own greed. The Mahsuds in particular stopped to loot, rape and murder; Indian troops were flown in and the lashkars pushed out of the Vale of Kashmir into the mountains. The Mahsuds returned home in a savage mood, having muffed an easy chance, lost the loot of Srinagar and made fools of themselves. Sam Manekshaw (later
3950-443: The convent is narrated in even gory details by Father Shanks, one of the fortunate survivors and the anonymous 'witnesses' in the following report. "The tribesmen - great, wild, black beasts they were - came shooting their way down from the hills on both sides of the town. They climbed over the hospital walls from all sides. The first group burst into a ward firing at the patients. A 20-year-old Indian nurse, Philomena, tried to protect
4029-468: The expense of Kashmiri. There have been calls for the promotion of Kashmiri at an official level; in 1983, a Kashmiri Language Committee was set up by the government to patronise Kashmiri and impart it in school-level education. However, the limited attempts at introducing the language have not been successful, and it is Urdu, rather than Kashmiri, that Kashmiri Muslims of Azad Kashmir have seen as their identity symbol. Rahman notes that efforts to organise
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#17327718003994108-485: The first plane to land at Srinagar airport that morning. He brought 17 soldiers from the 1st Sikh Regiment , commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai . The pilot flew low over the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around. Instructions from Jawaharlal Nehru 's office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, they were not to land. Taking a full circle, the DC-3 flew at ground level. Soldiers peered from
4187-444: The following phonemes. The oral vowels are as follows: The short high vowels are near-high , and the low vowels apart from /aː/ are near-low . Nasalization is phonemic. All sixteen oral vowels have nasal counterparts. Palatalization is phonemic. All consonants apart from those in the post-alveolar/palatal column have palatalized counterparts. Kashmiri, as also the other Dardic languages, shows important divergences from
4266-479: The form of a boar and struck the mountain at Varahamula. This created an opening for the water to flow out of the lake. The modern Baramulla was called Varahamulaksetra or Varahaksetra in the ancient days. Originally, it was a suburb of Huviskapura (modern Ushkur). Associated with the Adivaraha, the boar incarnation of Vishnu, it was considered very sacred. Consequently, many temples and monasteries were built in
4345-502: The genera Schizopyge and Schizothorax . Snowtrout species identified in the lake include the Sattar snowtrout ( Schizopyge curvifrons ), Chirruh snowtrout ( Schizopyge esocinus ), Schizothorax planifrons , Schizothorax macropogon , Schizothorax longipinus and Chush snowtrout ( Schizopyge niger ). Fish from Wular Lake make up a significant part of the diet for many thousands of people living on its shores and elsewhere in
4424-478: The invaders captured Baramulla the following day. Jammu and Kashmir State Forces of Maharaja Hari Singh led by Brig. Rajendra Singh fought the invaders at Uri on 22-23 October but could not hold back the invaders from marching ahead and reaching Baramulla. The invaders stayed in Baramulla for two days looting, raping and killing, which prevented them from reaching Srinagar. The invaders raped and killed Christian Missionary Nuns and nurses at St Joseph's Hospital in
4503-417: The lake by divers. The Tulbul Project is a "navigation lock-cum-control structure" at the mouth of Wular Lake. According to the original Indian plan, the barrage was expected to be of 439 feet (134 m) long and 40 feet (12 m) wide, and would have a maximum storage capacity of 300,000 acre⋅ft (370 × 10 ^ m) of water. One aim was to regulate the release of water from the natural storage in
4582-435: The lake has been drained as a result of willow plantations being built on the shore in the 1950s. In ancient times, Wular Lake was also called Mahapadmasar (: Sanskrit: महापद्मसरः). Nilamata Purana also mentions it as Mahapadmasaras . The lake, with its big dimensions and the extent of water, gives rise to high leaping waves in the afternoons, called Ullola in Sanskrit, meaning "stormy leaping, high rising waves". Therefore, it
4661-596: The lake smaller and shallower. Boating, water sports and water skiing have been launched by the Government of India Tourism in collaboration with Kerala Tourism and J&K Tourism. The contract for the operation of the site was awarded in September 2011. Kashmiri language Kashmiri ( English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i / kash- MEER -ee ) or Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر ( Perso-Arabic , Official Script ) , pronounced [kəːʃur] )
4740-420: The lake to maintain a minimum draught of 4.5 feet (1.4 m) in the river up to Baramulla during the lean winter months. The project was conceived in the early 1980s and work began in 1984. The average annual inflows or outflows from the lake is nearly 7 billion cubic meters. There has been an ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan over the Tulbul Project since 1987, when Pakistan objected that it violated
4819-429: The new town. The Baramulla railway station is on the eastern end of the new town, on the river. Beyond the old town, the river divides into two channels at Khadanyar (near police headquarters), forming an island known as Eco Park. Baramulla is located at 34.2° N 74.34° E. It has an average elevation of 1,593 meters (5,226 feet). Baramulla has a temperate climate, with cold, snowy winters and warm summers. Baramulla
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#17327718003994898-409: The ninth and tenth centuries, during the region of Lalitaditya Muktapida , (Queen) Sugandha, and Ksemagupta, when the worship of Vishnu flourished there. According to some accounts the city of Baramulla was founded by Raja Bhimsina in 2306 B.C. A number of visitors have travelled to Baramulla, including Xuanzang from China and a British historian named Moorcraft. In 1508 A.D., Akbar , who entered
4977-452: The normal classes since August 2018. Baramulla has District Medical Hospital and District Veterinary Hospital, with radiology ( x-ray ) and ultrasonography facilities. A new building for the veterinary hospital, is under construction which is near to completion and has got the indoor facilities for the pet animal patients.The District Medical Hospital is 300 bedded hospital and has all the specialization facilities available. Baramulla has
5056-420: The old town has been attempted by moving residents to the new town. Uptown Baramulla is a developed locality with shopping complexes and posh housing colonies. Baramulla is connected by rail with Srinagar, Anantnag , Qazigund and Banihal . Baramulla is on the Jhelum River , at its highest point. Baramulla tehsil is stretched from Village Khushalpora in the east to village Boniyar in the west. The old town
5135-680: The people over six was 79.6% (males 87.3%, females 70.6%). The most commonly-used languages are Kashmiri and Urdu , followed by English, Pahari , Gojri and Punjabi . St. Joseph's School is one of the oldest missionary schools in Kashmir . Other notable schools include Delhi Public School , Aarifeen School of Excellence , Baramulla Public School , GD Goenka Public School, Dagger Parivar School, Beacon House School , two Hanfia Model High Schools: Delina-B and Ushkura, Budding Bloom Experimental School, Islamia high school, Guru Nanak Dev School, Faizan Public School among others. Baramulla has
5214-477: The prosperous and thriving town had been reduced to smouldering ruins in just five days. The army evicted the raiders (who had been joined by Pakistani regulars and were well-entrenched) from Baramulla on 9 November 1947. Aastair Lamb wrote in Incomplete Partition , Roxford 1997, pp. 186–187: The (tribal) leaders completely lost control over their men, an orgy of killing was the result. This
5293-462: The raiders for a day. Satrina village in Baramulla, Ichama and Atna village in Budgam were defended by the Indian troops. As more Indian troops flew into Srinagar the next day, they started pushing the raiders back. It took two weeks for the Indian army to evict the raiders (who had been joined by Pakistani regulars and were well-entrenched) from Baramulla on 9 November 1947. Sheikh Abdullah spoke to
5372-469: The ruins of the submerged idol temple might be seen rising from the lake. Zayn Ul Aabidin constructed a spacious barge which he sank in the lake and upon which he laid a foundation of bricks and stones till it rose high enough to be at level with the water. Upon this he erected a Mosque and other buildings and gave the islet the name of Lanka. The expense of this work was defrayed by the fortunate discovery of two idols of solid gold which had been brought up from
5451-648: The schwa-like vowel [ə] & elongated schwa-like vowel [əː] and a new stand alone vowel ॵ and vowel sign कॏ for the open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ] which can be used instead of the consonant व standing-in for this vowel. Vowel mark 𑆘 = 𑆘𑆳 𑆛 = 𑆛𑆳 𑆟 = 𑆟𑆳 𑆓 = 𑆓𑆶 𑆙 = 𑆙𑆶 𑆚 = 𑆚𑆶 𑆝 = 𑆝𑆶 𑆠 = 𑆠𑆶 𑆨 = 𑆨𑆶 𑆫 = 𑆫𑆶 𑆯 = 𑆯𑆶 𑆓 = 𑆓𑆷 𑆙 = 𑆙𑆷 𑆚 = 𑆚𑆷 𑆝 = 𑆝𑆷 𑆠 = 𑆠𑆷 𑆨 = 𑆨𑆷 𑆫 = 𑆫𑆷 𑆯 = 𑆯𑆷 Kashmiri
5530-688: The sediment from the lake area to preserve the lake. The lean season water inflows into the Wular Lake are enhanced from the Kishanganga river by the Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant after generating electricity. Other lakes such as Manasbal Lake , Anchar Lake , Dal Lake , etc. which are not located on Jhelum Main river can be used similar to Wular Lake to impound flood waters for flood protection in downstream areas, hydro electricity generation, navigation throughout
5609-582: The usage of its vowel signs. Therefore, it is not in common use today and is restricted to religious ceremonies of the Kashmiri Pandits . There have been a few versions of the Devanagari script for Kashmiri. The 2002 version of the proposal is shown below. This version has readers and more content available on the Internet, even though this is an older proposal. This version makes use of
5688-465: The valley via Pakhil, spent several days at Baramulla. According to Tarikh-e-Hassan, the city was decorated during Akbar's stay. Jahangir stayed at Baramulla during his visit to Kashmir in 1620. From the beginning, Baramulla has had religious importance. Hindu Teertha and Buddhist Vihars (monasteries) made the city sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists. During the 15th century, it became important to Muslims as well. Syed Janbaz Wali, who visited
5767-463: The valley with his companions in 1421, chose Baramulla as the center of his mission and was later buried there. His shrine attracts pilgrims from throughout the valley. In 1620, the sixth Sikh Guru , Shri Hargobind, visited the city. In Baramulla Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Sikhs lived in harmony and contributed to its culture. Baramulla was the oldest and most-important town in northern Kashmir and Jammu (princely state) and Kashmir Valley (by
5846-450: The vowels ॲ/ऑ and vowel signs कॅ/कॉ for the schwa-like vowel [ə] and elongated schwa-like vowel [əː] that also exist in other Devanagari-based scripts such as Marathi and Hindi but are used for the sound of other vowels. Tabulated below is the latest (2009) version of the proposal to spell the Kashmiri vowels with Devanagari. The primary change in this version is the changed stand alone characters ॳ / ॴ and vowel signs कऺ / कऻ for
5925-497: The waterlily-like Nymphoides from the lake for animal fodder. The lake sustains a rich population of birds. Terrestrial birds observed around the lake include the black-eared kite , Eurasian sparrowhawk , short-toed eagle , Himalayan golden eagle , Himalayan monal , chukar partridge , koklass pheasant , rock dove , common cuckoo , alpine swift , Indian roller , Himalayan woodpecker , hoopoe , barn swallow , golden oriole and others. The Kashmiri sultan Zain-ul-Abidin
6004-552: The year, irrigation, municipal and industrial uses. In recognition of its biological, hydrological and socio-economic values, the lake was included in 1986 as a Wetland of National Importance under the Wetlands Programme of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India for intensive conservation and management purposes. Subsequently, in 1990, it was designated as a Wetland of International Importance under
6083-409: Was also called Ullola . It is believed to have gotten corrupted over the centuries to Wulor or Wular . The origin may also be attributed to a Kashmiri word 'Wul', which means a gap or a fissure, appellation that must have come also during this period. The word Wul (gap or fissure), is also an indicator of its origin to a fissure or gap created. The lake is one of the 80 Indian wetlands designated as
6162-454: Was certainly the case at St Joseph's College, Convent and Hospital, the site of what was to become one of the most publicised incidents of the entire Kashmir conflict. Here nuns, priests and congregation, including patients in the hospital, were slaughtered; and at the same time a small number of Europeans, notably Lt. Colonel D.O. Dykes and his wife, an Englishwoman preparing to leave the hospital that day with her new-born baby, Mother Teresalina,
6241-418: Was to be developed in the state. After Hindi , Kashmiri is the second fastest growing language of India , followed by Meitei ( Manipuri ) as well as Gujarati in the third place, and Bengali in the fourth place, according to the 2011 census of India . Persian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during
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