T-95 is the common informal designation of the Russian fourth-generation main battle tank internally designated as the Object 195 , that was under development at Uralvagonzavod from 1988 until its cancelation in 2010. Little about the tank is publicly known. The work from Object 195 was used in Object 148, later type-classified as the T-14 Armata .
32-486: Around 1988, Nizhni Tagil was ordered to work on a new main battle tank. Requirements were developed from the Sovershenstvovanie-88 (Improvement-88) study. The chassis derives from Object 187 , but is longer. The project was first reported in 1995 It was due to be introduced in 2009, but was repeatedly delayed. T-95 was a name given to the tank by media; it was not an official name. Work on Object 195
64-829: A UIC wagon number , or in North America, a company reporting mark plus a company specific serial number. At the beginning of the railway era, the vast majority of goods wagons were four- wheeled (two wheelset ) vehicles of simple construction. These were almost exclusively small covered wagons , open wagons with side-boards, and flat wagons with or without stakes. Over the course of time, an increasing number of specialised wagons were developed. Special wagons for specific purposes or wagons with special features were already being introduced around 1850 by private companies. Amongst these were tank wagons and numerous refrigerated vans . In countries like Germany, wagon hire firms procured large numbers of these wagons and hired them to
96-631: A June 2010 interview, stating that Russia would no longer fund and was not going to buy the T-95, but that Uralvagonzavod might continue to work on the tank without government support. In early July 2010, as reported by "Ural Information Bureau", the Minister of Industry and Science of the Sverdlovsk region, Alexander Petrov, said that Uralvagonzavod would soon finalize a T-95 prototype, entirely independently. However, without state funding or export permits,
128-519: A military point of view and were known as wartime classes ( Kriegsbauart ). After the war, in East Germany, some pre-war goods wagon classes were given a new lease of life as ‘reconstructed goods wagons’ ( Reko-Güterwagen ) and continued in service for several more decades. Since the Union of Private Goods Wagon Companies ( Vereinigung der Privatgüterwagen-Interessenten (VPI) ) was founded in 1921,
160-556: A result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine . In March 2022, the EU imposed sanctions on Uralvagonzavod after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as the RT-M-160 , metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods. Production of T-90 main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of
192-520: Is a Russian machine-building company located in Nizhny Tagil , Russia . It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world. The name Уралвагонзавод means Ural Railroad Car (wagon) Factory . The plant was built during 1931–1936, mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan . It opened on October 11, 1936, and
224-521: The American Railway Association , initially to coordinate time tables. The AAR has developed various standards for freight cars over the years, including couplers , loading gauges , reporting marks , interchange rules, and information systems, through its Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices publications. The numerous types of goods wagon are categorised here based on their main design features and in accordance with
256-568: The German State Railway Wagon Association on 1 April 1909. With the participation of all the German state railways, it created a common pool of goods wagons, which by the end of 1911 had no less than 560,000 wagons. In addition, they all had standardised inscriptions and red-brown livery. In order to standardise future procurements, a total of 11 wagon classes were defined ( Sheet nos. A1 to A11 ). These wagons of
288-603: The UIC goods wagon classification system. Freight railroads in North America have always been almost entirely privately owned. The separate northern and southern U.S. track gauges were unified on June 1, 1886, allowing freight cars to be interchanged throughout the continent. The Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes and automatic couplers mandatory on all trains in the United States, effective 1900. The Association of American Railroads (AAR) had its origins in 1872 as
320-1033: The agreement for the mutual use of goods wagons in international traffic ( RIV ) has regulated the exchange of goods wagons in Europe and the Middle East. In addition, international goods wagon fleets were created in 1953 in Western Europe with the Europ-Verband and in 1965 in Eastern Europe with the Common Goods Wagon Park (OPW). During the second half of the 20th century, national goods wagon classes in Europe were increasingly replaced by Union internationale des chemins de fer (UIC) standard wagons. Since 1964, all goods wagons in Germany, for example, have had to be classified using
352-449: The braking distance of fast goods trains is longer than the separation between distant and home signals (as are Express Passenger trains), they may only run at high speeds of 150 mph (240 km/h) with locomotives on routes with early signalling systems in the driver's cab ( LZB , FZB and ETCS ). In Europe, the first agreements were struck very early on between the national state railways ( Länderbahnen ) and private companies for
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#1732790705729384-840: The company would be unable to proceed to production. In July 2010 at the Russian Defence Expo in Nizhny Tagil, the Director of the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation of the Russian Federation, Konstantin Biryulin, announced that the Russian state monopoly Federal Service for Defense Contracts was unveiling the prototype of Object 195 in a private showing to selected VIP guests, though
416-499: The company's overall production. In 2008, Uralvagonzavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for the Russian Ministry of Defense and 60 T-90Ss for India . This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. According to Moscow Defense Brief , in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company, was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all
448-775: The end users. In the early days of the railway, goods trains still ran at top speeds of only about 20 mph (32 km/h). However, the introduction of through brakes using air pipes (such as the Kunze-Knorr brakes in Germany) from the 1920s enabled higher speeds to be safely achieved. Modern goods wagons are authorised for speeds up to around 75 mph (121 km/h) and in certain countries, wagons are increasingly equipped with GPS receivers and transponders which provide location monitoring as required. The Deutsche Bahn (DB) even has goods wagons cleared for high-speed rail travel at up to 100 mph (160 km/h). Because
480-477: The hull, isolated from other tank components. The T-95 was armed with a 152 mm 2A83 main gun . Background: History of the tank , Tank classification Uralvagonzavod UralVagonZavod ( Russian : ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод» , romanized : OAO "Nauchno-proizvodstvennaya korporatsiya "UralVagonZavod" , lit. ' Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Ural Wagon Factory"')
512-418: The interests of private transport organisations in Germany (including wagon hire firms, goods wagon builders and repair firms, and owners of private sidings) has been jointly represented. The Union has around 100 members who own 50,000 goods wagons. In 2007, they transported 361,000,000 t (355,298,556 long tons ; 397,934,383 short tons ) of goods. Other countries have similar organisations. Since 1922,
544-446: The international UIC classification system: Goods wagons for special purposes include: The UIC's instructions were sometimes interpreted differently by the various railway administrations, so that it could happen that almost identical wagons were grouped into different classes. In addition wagons had occasionally to be reclassified after slight modifications. For example, an E Class wagon can become an F Class simply through welding on
576-782: The largest producer of tanks in the world, including the T-34 . For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards between 1941–1945, including the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1942), Order of the Red Banner (1943), Order of Lenin (1944), Order of the Patriotic War (1945). After the war, tank production was scaled down. Part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod
608-620: The mutual use of each other's goods wagons. Around 1850, the Union of German Railway Administrations ( Verein Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen ) drew up regulations for the standardisation of dimensions and fittings. The formation of the Prussian State Railway Union in 1881 encouraged the emergence of wagon classes built to standard norms . One further European milestone was the formation of
640-538: The ongoing annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and the Russian interference in Ukraine . The United Kingdom also imposed sanctions from 12 September 2014. As of December 2016, UVZ has been transferred to Rostec , following a presidential decree. In 2020, the company's revenue amounted to 28 billion rubles. In 2022, Uralvagonzavod was placed under additional sanctions as
672-424: The other countries of the world put together. Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008. In 2011, the company's revenue was $ 3 billion. The net profit was $ 0.33 billion. In July 2023, Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu stated that the supplies and overhaul of T-72 and T-90 tanks by Uralvagonzavod had surged 3.6 times since early 2022. It
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#1732790705729704-639: The so-called standard class ( Verbandsbauart ) and subsequent developments from them (the Austauschbauart class with interchangeable parts) dominated goods traffic in Germany up to the Second World War and had a significant impact in many other countries which acquired these wagons either through war reparations or simply because they were left behind by the Germans after the two world wars. From 1939, wagons were developed primarily from
736-482: The tank was never shown to journalists or confirmed publicly by any of the participants. Most information about this tank was speculative. Other than its outside dimensions, the design was presumably a significant departure from the Soviet-era tanks then in service. It was expected to have a new hydropneumatic suspension with adaptive features, and the entire crew was going to be placed in a sealed compartment inside
768-409: The transportation of cargo . A variety of wagon types are in use to handle different types of goods, but all goods wagons in a regional network typically have standardized couplers and other fittings, such as hoses for air brakes , allowing different wagon types to be assembled into trains . For tracking and identification purposes, goods wagons are generally assigned a unique identifier , typically
800-505: Was canceled in April 2010. The reasons for its cancellation have not been made public as of 2018. The Russian government terminated its involvement in the project in May 2010 and withdrew all funding. In May 2010, deputy defense minister and chief of armaments Vladimir Popovkin announced that a number of programs for development of new armor and artillery weapons would be cancelled. The main victim
832-820: Was curtailed by lack of funding until 2000–2001. The prototype tank was announced by the Russian Minister of Defense Igor Sergeyev in 2000. In July 2008, the Russian government announced that the Russian armed forces would start receiving new-generation tanks superior to the T-90 after 2010. The head of the Federal Service for Defence Contracts , Sergei Mayev, said the T-90 would remain the "backbone" of Russian armor until 2025, and that T-72s and T-80s would not be modernized, but instead be phased out by "new-generation tanks" entering service after 2010. Object 195
864-511: Was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of the Vostok , Voskhod , Proton and Energia expendable rockets . Aleksandr Morozov left UVZ to lead the tank design bureau in Kharkiv in 1951, taking many of his engineers with him. Morozov was replaced by A. V. Kolesnikov in the interim. Leonid N. Kartsev
896-617: Was named after Felix Dzerzhinsky . Initially it manufactured freight cars . After the German invasion of 1941 , Joseph Stalin ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. The KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv was moved to Nizhny Tagil by rail, and merged with the Dzerzhinsky Works, to form the Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183. During the Second World War it became
928-697: Was promoted to Section 520 chief designer in 1953, days before the death of Joseph Stalin . After his promotion, Kartsev was approached by the NKVD and told to hand over his jewish workers. Kartsev refused. The conflict was resolved following a coup led by Nikita Khrushchev that removed Lavrentiy Beria from power. At the Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau ( OKB-520 ), the T-54A and T-55 (a development of Morozov's T-54), T-62 , T-72 , and T-90 tanks were designed. The design bureau
960-576: Was reported by the company in late December 2023 that it had successfully performed the year's state defense order for T-90M and modernized T-72B3M tanks. In 2011 UVZ won in two nominations of the annual interregional award «Results of the year of the Urals and Siberia-2011». Social: Freight car Goods wagons or freight wagons ( North America : freight cars ), also known as goods carriages , goods trucks , freight carriages or freight trucks , are unpowered railway vehicles that are used for
992-461: Was the Object 195 program. Popovkin said the military would focus on modernization of the T-90 instead. The reason given for this was that the T-95 was already obsolete, as it had been in development for almost two decades, but some sources speculated it had more to do with the recent reduction in Russia's military budget, requiring substantial cuts across the board. Popovkin confirmed this decision in
T-95 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1024-775: Was working on a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called the T-95 , until this project was cancelled in May 2010. It manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, the T-14 Armata . In July 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions , through the US Department of Treasury 's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for
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