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139-559: The TDSB was founded on January 20, 1953, as the Metropolitan Toronto School Board ( MTSB ) as a "super-ordinate umbrella board" to coordinate activities and to apportion tax revenues equitably across the six anglophone and later a francophone school boards within Metro Toronto . The MTSB was reorganized and replaced on January 1, 1998, when the six anglophone metro school boards and MTSB merged to form

278-571: A state of emergency on March 17. With cases began to gradually decline, the Ministry of Education announced a reopening plan for all the school boards including the TDSB with strict health protocols in place. On June 18, the TDSB announced the report cards to all secondary students will be received in July. On July 30, the province educational ministry released an reopening plan. In the plan released by

417-470: A 2-year review process. The alternative schools can be contained within existing buildings and can operate with existing administrators, meaning they don't cost more to operate than standard schools. In 2017, the TDSB participated in "Freedom Day" organized by Black Lives Matter , during which students and teachers would "skip a day of school in protest" of "anti-black racism in the educational system". Issues of concern were police patrols of TDSB schools, and

556-517: A Toronto gas distribution company since acquired by Enbridge whose buildings remain prominent in Toronto including the Consumer's Gas Building and as performance and rehearsal spaces for Canadian Stage . James L. Robinson was George W. Allan 's partner in law and son of Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet of Toronto. John Hawkins Hagarty would go on to become Chief Justice of Ontario. James Price

695-474: A budget with a deficit of $ 84 million. The school board wants $ 3.6 million from the Toronto Star before it releases a database. The database shows " work orders showing what taxpayers have been charged for maintenance and construction projects at local schools. " In June 2012, the Toronto Star asked for " an electronic copy showing three years of work at the TDSB. " The Toronto Star stated that "the request

834-540: A filibuster in the provincial legislature, proposing more than 12,000 amendments that allowed residents on streets of the proposed megacity take part in public hearings on the merger and adding historical designations to the streets. This only delayed the bill's inevitable passage, given the PCO's majority. The amalgamation would take place effective January 1, 1998, at which time the new City of Toronto (legal successor of Old Toronto ) came into existence. Originally, members of

973-441: A formal inquiry into forming a metropolitan district. A proposal was made for Toronto to provide several of its services to the suburbs as well. The inquiry died with the defeat of Henry in 1934. In the 1930s, a Liberal Ontario government named the first minister of municipal affairs , David A. Croll , and introduced a draft bill to amalgamate Toronto and the built-up suburbs. The draft bill faced strong opposition in Toronto and

1112-699: A large Roman Catholic community. This was significant, as Catholic-Protestant violence in England and Ireland had been nearly constant since the beginning of the English Reformation . Since the Glorious Revolution of 1688, however, Protestantism had been the official religion of the British state as evidenced by the Act of Settlement 1701 which forbade Catholics to become monarch. This was

1251-570: A medium of instruction. In New Brunswick under the Parish Schools Act of 1858, there was only loose supervision from the central board of education, and in practice each school was run independently by its board of trustees, and most schools boards were dominated by partisans from one religion or another. Textbooks were not standardized; Protestant-majority regions used the textbooks of the Irish National Schools while

1390-545: A newly constructed Metro Hall at 55 John Street, which was designed by Brisbin Brook Beynon Architects (BBB Architects). The amalgamated council chose to meet at City Hall, though it temporarily met at Metro Hall while City Hall was retrofitted for the enlarged council. Metro Hall continues to be used as office space by the City of Toronto. The following is a list of services that were funded and provided by

1529-587: A politician and chairman of the Home District Council. The Gooderham name is known best for its connection to Gooderham and Worts a Canadian distillery since purchased by Hiram Walker and whose buildings have been retained and restored in Toronto's Distillery District . Joshua George Beard served on the board for twenty years in addition to serving as a city alderman and was elected the 10th Mayor of Toronto in 1854. Gooderham, David Paterson, and E.F. Whittemore were directors of Consumer's Gas Works

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1668-459: A review in 2006. They submitted a 113-page report in January 2007. Blackstone Partners were " asked to determine if the facilities division had "effective governance". " The report showed " high costs of repairs, lots of workers and spotty results, and managerial "silos" that made it hard for principals to figure out whom to approach to get a job done. " Blackstone Partners gave 43 recommendations in

1807-782: A supporter of schooling responsible for many donations to the board and after whom the current Toronto District School Board school, Jesse Ketchum Public School, is named. James L. Hughes, principal of the Toronto Normal School 's Model School and chief inspector for the Toronto Public School Board. Schooling in the era of the Toronto Public School Board was markedly different from modern schooling. In these large urban schools, students were separated by gender but taught in large, mixed-age classes of often over 100 students. Students were taught out of readers and exams were conducted orally and only available to

1946-571: A unified system of arterial roads and the creation of a single public transit network. The Board was ineffective. Projects such as a bridge across the Don River Valley and the Spadina Road Extension (the basis for the later Spadina Expressway ) were rejected by the local municipalities. Gardiner, elected as chairman of the board in 1949, wrote to Premier Leslie Frost that only a unified municipality could measure up to

2085-452: Is a clear and well-known process for determining the wishes of the members of the minority faith. In Alberta, for example, the geographic basis for separate school establishment is the underlying public school district. At any time, three or more residents, either Protestant or Roman Catholic, who believe that they are members of the minority faith locally, can initiate the process. A census must be conducted to confirm that they are, in fact,

2224-721: Is a matter of exclusive provincial jurisdiction. The relevant provision for Ontario is s. 93(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867 as originally enacted. For Alberta and Saskatchewan, the relevant provision is s. 93(1), as amended by the Alberta Act and the Saskatchewan Act , respectively. As held by the Supreme Court of Canada in Adler v. Ontario , the provincial education power under section 93 of

2363-486: Is not available to citizens of any other faith (such as Orthodox Christians , Jews , Mormons , Muslims , Hindus or Sikhs ). In addition, the minority faith must establish that they wish to leave the public school system and create a separate school system. When France's colonies in North America were conquered by Britain during the 18th century, British authorities were faced with the dilemma of ruling over

2502-536: Is principally the result of the same constitutional provisions having effect on settlement at different stages in Canadian history. The Constitution of Canada does not establish separate school education as a natural or unconditional right available to all. Only Protestants or Roman Catholics, whichever is the minority faith population compared to the other in a community, can consider the establishment of separate school education. The separate school establishment right

2641-866: The City of Toronto Act to amalgamate seven municipalities and create the current City of Toronto . As a consequence, six of the English school boards merged with the MTSB to form the English-language Public District School Board No. 12 which later became the Toronto District School Board in 1999. The French language schools operated by the CEFCUT were separated and became part of the new board, French-language Public District School Board No. 58 which

2780-477: The 1988 municipal election , requiring direct elections to Metro Council from all of Metro's municipalities and severing the links between the two tiers. The suburban boards of control were abolished and Metro Councillors were elected from new Metro Wards, which were larger than the city and borough wards. Now only the mayors of the six member municipalities sat on both the upper-tier and lower-tier councils. The first chairman of Metropolitan Toronto, Fred Gardiner,

2919-621: The COVID-19 pandemic began to spread across the globe, concerns in the TDSB had begun to halt the spread of such contagious disease . On March 4, a student from Whitney Junior Public School had been exposed to the disease. Following the World Health Organization 's pandemic declaration on March 11, Ontario premier Doug Ford announced all schools in the TDSB would be closed from March 14 to April 6 (this had been extended several times until May). Subsequently, Ontario declared

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3058-861: The Central Technical School due to the construction of addition technical schools in the board. Members of the Technical School Board were also appointed but by a different process than members of the Collegiate Institute Board. Members of the Technical School Board were appointed by municipal council, the Architectural Guild, the Trades and Labour Council, and the Association of Stationary Engineers. After amalgamation in 1904, members of

3197-460: The Constitution Act, 1867 is plenary , and is not subject to Charter attack. As Iacobucci J. noted, it is the product of a historical compromise crucial to Confederation and forms a comprehensive code with respect to denominational school rights which cannot be enlarged through the operation of s. 2(a) of the Charter . It does not represent a guarantee of fundamental freedoms . Section 93 of

3336-524: The Constitution Act, 1867 only applies to provinces, not territories. Instead, the right to separate schools is protected in the three territories by the federal Acts of Parliament which establish those three territories. The Northwest Territories Act , the Yukon Act and the Nunavut Act all provide that the territorial legislatures can legislate with respect to education, provided they respect

3475-1006: The East York Board of Education , the Etobicoke Board of Education , the Forest Hill Board of Education, the Lakeshore District Board of Education, Leaside Board of Education, the North York Board of Education , the Scarborough Board of Education , the Swansea Board of Education, the Toronto Board of Education , Weston Board of Education and the York Township Board of Education . Its head office

3614-599: The Penetanguishene Protestant Separate School Board . In Ontario, this determination was largely made throughout the province by the time of Confederation. The public school system in the province was historically Protestant but was gradually transformed into a secular public system. Prayer in public schools was banned in the late 1980s by a decision of the Ontario Court of Appeal. Since the 19th century, funding for

3753-541: The School Act of 1844, which stipulated municipal contributions toward the salaries of teachers. The Toronto Public School Board continued to govern the city's elementary schools until 1904 when, following a city referendum, it was merged with the Collegiate Institute Board, which oversaw the city's secondary schools, and the Technical School Board, which oversaw the Toronto Technical School, to form

3892-499: The Toronto Board of Education . Six trustees were appointed to the original 1847 board by the municipal council of Toronto to serve with the mayor. The board was composed entirely of white men until the election of the first female trustee Augusta Stowe-Gullen in 1892. The board was created after the passage of the Common School Act of 1846 spearheaded by Egerton Ryerson , architect of both publicly funded schooling and

4031-608: The residential school system . The Act also called for the creation of a provincial normal school which would become the Toronto Normal School . Prior to the 1846 Common School Act , individual schools were governed by boards created under the Grammar School Act of 1807 and the Common Schools Act of 1816. Like all boards of education at the time, the Toronto Public School Board was responsible for raising money to fund schools in addition to grants provided by

4170-708: The (largely French-speaking) Roman Catholic population in Canada and the Protestant majority. The issue was a subject of debate at the 1864 Quebec Conference and was finally resolved at the London Conference of 1866 with a proposal to preserve the separate school systems in Quebec and Ontario . The way in which this agreement was written into the British North America Act , 1867 was to

4309-549: The Board," including through School Councils, forums, and the Parent Involvement Advisory Committee. Parents can design and propose new alternative schools in the TDSB, such as a Mandarin/English bilingual school or a school that relates its teachings to skateboards and street art, although these schools still follow the provincial curriculum. The process of opening an alternative school includes

Toronto District School Board - Misplaced Pages Continue

4448-438: The City of Toronto (which was deemed particularly important after being reincorporated as cities), North York and Scarborough built planned city centres: North York City Centre and Scarborough City Centre respectively. This pattern was in contrast to other metropolitan areas like Hamilton-Wentworth , where suburbs such as Stoney Creek had historic cores and whose inner areas were well separated from inner-city Hamilton . As

4587-401: The City of Toronto and the five townships, which at this time were re-designated as boroughs (all but East York were later incorporated as cities). Long Branch, New Toronto, and Mimico were absorbed back into Etobicoke; Weston was absorbed into York; Leaside into East York; and Swansea and Forest Hill, into Toronto, resulting in an unusual final situation where none of the municipalities outside

4726-574: The Council of King's College, a body charged with obtaining a university for the province. In 1831, Upper Canada College was created to replace the Home District Grammar School with state funding in the form of an initial crown lands grant of 6,000 acres, later supplemented by an additional 60,000 acres. In contrast, common schools in this era, the equivalent of today's elementary schools, were woefully underfunded. Funding for

4865-705: The English-speaking Catholic areas used the books of the Irish Christian Brothers . The few Acadian schools used French-language textbooks from Canada East (Lower Canada). These pre-existing rights for tax-funded minority faith schools were then part of the constitutional negotiations surrounding Canadian Confederation in the 1860s. At the Confederation conferences, Roman Catholic Archbishop Connolly of Halifax argued for separate Catholic and Protestant school systems across

5004-844: The Etobicoke school board followed by the Leaside board integrated into the EYBE and eventually, the Weston public board ceased to exist and absorbed in the York board. French schools operated by the North York, Scarborough and Toronto boards were transferred into MTSB's francophone unit, the Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto (CEFCUT) on December 1, 1988. Seven of its public schools existed as of 1980. The concept of CÉFCUT

5143-951: The Federation of the Municipalities in the Toronto Metropolitan Area for Certain Financial and Other Purposes ) to create the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The new municipality would have the power to tax real estate and borrow funds on its own. It would be responsible for arterial roads, major sewage and water facilities, regional planning, public transportation, administration of justice, metropolitan parks and housing issues as needed. The municipalities retained their individual fire and police departments, business licensing, public health and libraries. The council would have its own chairman, selected by

5282-452: The Metro government: In addition, the following agencies were Metro government agencies: 43°42′26″N 79°22′50″W  /  43.7072°N 79.3805°W  / 43.7072; -79.3805 Separate school In Canada, a separate school is a type of school that has constitutional status in three provinces ( Ontario , Alberta and Saskatchewan ) and statutory status in

5421-518: The Metropolitan Toronto Council also sat on their respective lower-tier councils; they were not directly elected to the upper-tier council, and because Toronto councillors often voted in a bloc, inner-city issues tended to dominate. From its inception in 1953 until the 1966 municipal election , Metropolitan Toronto Council consisted of the mayor of Toronto, two members of the Toronto Board of Control (the top two finishers of

5560-672: The Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper... This guarantee was later threatened on several occasions by assimilationist legislation such as the Royal Proclamation of 1763 , but this was largely reversed by the Quebec Act of 1774. After the American Revolution , the new colony was flooded with Anglo-Protestant refugees. The colony

5699-476: The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, and seceded from York County. Metropolitan Toronto Council had its inaugural meeting on April 15, 1953, and was made up of the Metro chairman, Frederick Gardiner , who had been appointed by the province; the mayor of Toronto ; Toronto's two most senior controllers ; nine senior aldermen from the City of Toronto ; and the twelve suburban mayors and reeves . Metro Toronto

Toronto District School Board - Misplaced Pages Continue

5838-552: The Roman Catholic separate school system was provided up to Grade 10 under the British North America (BNA) Act . In 1984, the government of Premier William Davis extended full funding to include the last three (Grades 11–13 ( OAC )) years of Roman Catholic secondary schools after having rejected that proposal fifteen years earlier. The first funded academic year occurred in 1985–86, as grade 11, and one grade

5977-409: The TDSB on August 4, the board intends to have class cohorts of approximately 15 students for high schools with either alternate days or alternate schedules in a quadmester format. Elementary students would be attending school five days a week with 300 instructional minutes, for students in kindergarten to Grade 8, they will be expected to attend class five days a week but will be placed in one cohort for

6116-537: The TDSB's Equity Department through the second, and last, board-wide student group: Students Working Against Great Injustice. Both groups have put together various events and have had much success in giving input towards the decisions of the board. The TDSB recruits students from outside of Canada, and attracts students from Kindergarten to Grade 12, charging international students up to $ 14,000 per year to study in Toronto. The TDSB has 22 elected trustees, two student trustees, and an Indigenous student trustee. The chair of

6255-549: The TDSB's budget through a dramatic spending reduction of $ 90 million. Under his watch, the TDSB eliminated many secretarial positions, phased out school-community advisors, child and youth counsellors, and attendance counsellors and reduced the number of vice-principals, cut outdoor education and adult education, and re-evaluated the position of social workers in the system. Christie's staff reports were not made public, and some critics argued that there were no adequate checks or balances on his authority. Blackstone Partners carried out

6394-422: The TDSB. Of these schools, 473 offer elementary education, 110 offer secondary level education, and there are five adult day schools. The TDSB has 18 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools. TDSB has 31,910 permanent and 10,500 temporary staff, which includes 11,360 elementary school teachers and 5,000 at the secondary level. Parent and Community involvement occurs at all levels of

6533-468: The Toronto Board of Control was abolished with the 1969 Toronto municipal election , Toronto's contingent on Metro Council was made up of the mayor of Toronto and 11 senior aldermen – with the nine previous city wards being redrawn into 11 wards. In the City of Toronto the person who achieved the greatest number of votes in a ward was named the senior alderman. The person with the second most votes

6672-663: The Toronto Collegiate Institute Board, and the Toronto Technical School Board) following a municipal referendum in 1904. The board governed education in Toronto until 1998. The Metropolitan Toronto School Board was established on January 20, 1953, before the 1954 creation of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto From the beginning, it was a federation of eleven public anglophone municipal school boards consisting of

6811-419: The Toronto District School Board. The francophone school board of MTSB was amalgamated with several other Francophone school boards in the region to form Conseil scolaire Viamonde. Today, the TDSB is Canada's largest school board and the fourth largest school board in North America. The earliest schools in Toronto were in private homes, often run by members of the clergy. Public funding for schools began with

6950-458: The Toronto Public Health to be at risk with COVID-19, which caused the TDSB to consider reducing class sizes in those said schools. In 2002, the Government of Ontario stripped all power and authority from the school board trustees because they failed to balance the board's budget. Paul Christie was appointed by the province to serve as supervisor of the Toronto District School Board, with authority for all financial and administrative functions of

7089-436: The Toronto Public School Board was created, elementary or common schools in the city did not have dedicated buildings but instead, "the thousand-odd children who were registered as common school pupils were accommodated in rented premises--a dozen or so small halls and houses, designated by numbers." This changed shortly after the election of the first board when six schools identical in architecture were built, one in each ward of

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7228-401: The Toronto Public School Board whose trustees were elected, the Collegiate Institute Board was appointed. In its earliest years, Bishop Strachan influenced appointments, but starting in 1841 trustees were appointed by the provincial executive government and my municipal council from 1853 to 1904. Dean H.J. Grasset is most associated with the board, having served on the board for ten years. Until

7367-463: The Town of St. Paul ( Glen Avon Protestant Separate School District ). One anomaly of the system is that the Town of Morinville has only a public Catholic high school (part of the Greater St. Albert Catholic Regional Division ), and no secular or Protestant high schools of any kind. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, there continues to be large areas of the province where separate school education has never been established. In these two provinces, there

7506-418: The Victoria Industrial School for Boys was the destination for youth convicted of crimes and "incorrigible" youth until it was closed in 1934. Boys at the school were housed in "cottages", two to three story brick buildings housing as many as forty boys and quite unlike the wood-frame houses in nearby Mimico. In the "cottages", the boys were supervised by a man and woman, usually husband and wife. However, despite

7645-429: The beginning of a long period of anti-Catholic laws and policies in the British Empire , most famously expressed through the Irish "Penal" Laws . In the case of the New World French there was also the fear that the new population was potentially more loyal to a foreign king, that of France, than to Britain. The first French colony to fall to the British was Acadia on the Atlantic coast in 1713 (invaded in 1710). Here

7784-520: The best students from each school division. The technology of schooling was different as well. Students often were seated on long benches, or "forms". The introduction of the individual desk was an advance as a means of preventing students from distracting each other. Urban schools were often early adopters of these new technologies. This meant that the Toronto Public School Board was a leader in adopting blackboards, which other school boards were slower to introduce. Teachers were also often expected to lodge in

7923-410: The board became part of a special committee of the Toronto Board of Education. A.C. McKay was an early champion of technical education. The Toronto Board of Education , officially the Board of Education for the City of Toronto, governed education in pre-amalgamation Toronto from 1904 to 1998. It was created from the merger of the existing boards of education in the city (The Toronto Public School Board,

8062-437: The board had 2,837 volumes. An 1862 motion for the introduction of gymnasiums was met with some resistance as they were considered an expensive addition outside the scope of the academic disciplines of schools. Ultimately, the Select Committee voted against the recommendation. Schooling for children living in poverty was a concern of many of the chief inspectors of the TPSB, including Inspector Hughes. He and others campaigned for

8201-436: The board is Rachel Chernos Lin and its vice-chair is Neethan Shan. Before the 1998 split of the French schools, the MTSB had two French seats in addition to twenty-three English seats. The director of education is Colleen Russell-Rawlins, who was appointed on August 5, 2021. The TDSB's Parent and Caregiver Engagement Policy and Procedure describes ways to "increase and improve effective parent/guardian/caregiver engagement in

8340-446: The board. This allowed Christie to supersede the authority of elected school trustees. The provincial government argued that the appointment was necessary, as the TDSB had not submitted a budget to the Ontario Minister of Education as legally required. Representatives of the TDSB claimed that they could not find the necessary operating expenses for the year, given provincial regulations which prohibited deficit spending. Christie balanced

8479-402: The central Council Chamber. Eventually this space proved inadequate and committee facilities and councillors' offices were relocated to an office tower at the southwest corner of Bay and Richmond Street (390 Bay Street ), across from City Hall; Metro Council continued to meet in the City Hall council chamber. Finally, in 1992, the Metro government moved out of Toronto City Hall altogether and into

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8618-420: The children of all faiths under one system. He became Chief Superintendent of Education for Upper Canada in 1844. However, Ryerson was not able to convince the Catholic minority and grudgingly agreed to clauses in his education reforms that allowed for minority-faith schools within the publicly funded system. The Catholic case was strengthened by the fact that the Protestant minority in Lower Canada had already won

8757-473: The city were ever entities founded as distinct historic urban settlements in their own right. The reorganized Metropolitan Toronto adopted a flag and decal using a symbol of six rings representing the six municipalities. Development in Metro Toronto generally unfurled outward smoothly from the City of Toronto into the surrounding municipalities with little leapfrogging , giving it a core-to-suburb continuum that ignored municipal boundaries, resulting in it having

8896-417: The city. More schools were built over the coming decades. Some of these original schools are listed in the order of their construction below: The six original schools have since been demolished with only the Park School having been replaced with a new school. As the student population grew, rented premises continued to be used to accommodate students, especially in the case of auxiliary schools where attendance

9035-415: The creation of local public school boards across the province including the Toronto Public School Board. The Toronto Public School Board (TPSB) was created in 1847 to oversee elementary education in Toronto . However, the date of creation of the board is also given as 1850 as this was when trustee elections under a ward system started. Legislation toward the creation of local, public school boards began with

9174-468: The disproportionate number of black students being suspended and being placed into non-academic educational streams. In spring 2019, after not changing in nearly a decade, the TDSB updated its dress code policy. The policy allows students to wear tops exposing shoulders, backs, stomachs, midriffs, necklines, and cleavage; and bottoms exposing legs, thighs, and hips. It was revised to promote self-expression, discourage "policing of student bodies", and decrease

9313-442: The effect that the condition of education in each colony (or territory) at the time it entered Confederation would be continued thereafter. Consequently, the provinces of British Columbia , New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , and Prince Edward Island have never had an education system that included "separate schools". Up until 1997 the Quebec education system was also separated, with Protestant and Catholic school boards. The system

9452-477: The election and the issue was not raised again in the subsequent election. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, the extent of separate school education is more limited, and Protestant separate schools are slightly more present. For example, in Alberta, about 40% of the land area of the province is included in separate school jurisdictions and there are two Protestant Separate School Districts, in the City of St. Albert ( St. Albert Protestant Separate School District ) and in

9591-432: The end the Harris government announced what they saw as a superior cost-saving plan. The six municipalities of Metro Toronto would be amalgamated into a single-tier city of Toronto. This was a major break from the past, which had seen the core simply annex suburbs. Similar amalgamations were planned for other parts of Ontario, such as Ottawa and Hamilton . The announcement touched off vociferous public objections to what

9730-425: The entire day, which includes recess and lunch. All staff and students are expected to conduct a self-assessment for COVID-19 symptoms before coming to school. Once they arrive at school, a second screening will be conducted. Masks are mandatory per the city by-law imposed in July. Virtual learning also remains an option for students. However, 80 of the elementary schools (mostly in northwest Toronto) are identified by

9869-438: The entire federation, administered by the central government. This was forcefully rejected by French Canadian delegates from Canada East, who demanded provincial control over education. The compromise was section 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867 which allows the federal government to intervene only to protect minority schools which are established after Confederation. Apart from that caveat, section 93 provides that education

10008-540: The era were almost entirely parochial schools controlled by the various churches. Only when government mandated standardization and public funding for education were introduced did this then become a political issue. By the time of Confederation in 1867, the majority of Catholics in Upper Canada were of Irish extraction as well as English speaking. In the 1840s Methodist minister and Reformist politician Egerton Ryerson championed "common schools" that would educate

10147-551: The establishment of the Home District Grammar School . Notably, it was not governed by an elected school board. Voting for the city's first elected school board took place in 1816 following the passage of the Common School Act . The board, as per the regulations of the act, had three members: Eli Playter, Thomas David Morrison , and Jesse Ketchum . The board governed the Common School at York which

10286-402: The formation of a Metropolitan government, governed by a Metropolitan Council, to provide strategic functions, while existing municipalities would retain all other services. He rejected full amalgamation, citing a need to preserve 'a government which is very close to the local residents.' The Frost government moved immediately and on February 25, 1953, introduced the bill ( An Act to provide for

10425-429: The four in municipal election) and one mayor or reeve from each of the 12 suburbs, and was presided over by the Metro chairman who did not have a seat. With the 1966 election, as the result of the reorganization of the 13 municipalities into the City of Toronto and five boroughs , representation on Metropolitan Toronto Council also changed and the body was expanded from 22 to 32 seats, with greater representation from

10564-485: The homely setting, the school was often a place of violence for the boys there including such treatment as being handcuffed to the bed, beaten, and placed on bread-and-water diets. These abuses were the focus of investigations by the province as well as reporting in the Toronto Daily Star . Although the school was operated locally, the school was increasingly populated by boys from across the province. The site

10703-478: The idea of ambitious new programs to lay the capital infrastructure for growth. In 1946, the province passed the Planning Act , which required each urban municipality to have its own Planning Board. A Toronto and Suburban Planning Board was founded, under the chairmanship of James P. Maher, and the vice-chairmanship of Fred Gardiner. The Board promoted specific projects, and also promoted a suburban 'green belt',

10842-428: The impact that dress codes have on disadvantaged people, such as female, racialized, gender-diverse, Indigenous, and socio-economically disadvantaged students. Some TDSB schools have uniforms, such as East York Collegiate Institute and Runnymede Collegiate Institute. While the legacy boards had a history of maintaining school buses, the TDSB has provided a set of student transportation to the following providers: As

10981-606: The job would be "bigger than anything he had tried before." The bill to form Metro was passed on April 2, 1953. The Gardiner appointment was announced on April 7. In Canada, the creation of municipalities falls under provincial jurisdiction. Thus it was provincial legislation, the Metropolitan Toronto Act , that created this level of government in 1953. When it took effect in 1954, the portion of York Township not yet annexed by Toronto, as well as all of Scarborough and Etobicoke Townships were incorporated as part of

11120-609: The knowledge, skills, and values they need to become responsible members of a democratic society." The TDSB is the largest school board in Canada and the 4th largest in North America. The record was previously held by the Metropolitan Separate School Board with over 100,000 students until 1998 what is now the Toronto Catholic District School Board. There are more than 255,000 students in nearly 600 schools within

11259-797: The late 1880s the board was only responsible for one school, but this changed with the annexation of Parkdale in 1889, leading the Parkdale High School to be renamed the Jameson Avenue Collegiate Institute , and the construction of Harbord Collegiate Institute in 1892. The addition of schools meant that the Toronto High School was renamed the Jarvis Collegiate Institute in 1890, though the school did not move to its current location until 1924. The Technical School Board

11398-681: The latter province in the 1890s prompted a national crisis known as the Manitoba Schools Question , and led to Pope Leo XIII 's papal encyclical Affari Vos . Separate school rights have often been criticized as contrary to the spirit of official multiculturalism , primarily, but not exclusively, because only adherents of the Protestant or Roman Catholic faith have these constitutional rights and only in some provinces and territories. In addition, where separate school systems exist, employees or prospective employees who are of

11537-575: The liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of

11676-416: The majority of the minority vote in favour of establishment, the establishment becomes a fact. If the majority of the minority vote against establishment, it does not proceed. The process is civil, democratic, and binding on the minority of the minority. A decision at the meeting against establishment precludes a number of the minority faith who may have favoured establishment from continuing for themselves. (At

11815-511: The media termed the " megacity " plan. In March 1997 a referendum in all six municipalities produced a vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation. However, municipal governments in Canada are creatures of the provincial governments, and referendums have little to no legal effect. The Harris government could thus legally ignore the results of the referendum, and did so in April when it tabled the City of Toronto Act . Both opposition parties held

11954-512: The minority faith have more employment opportunities. (All other things being equal, a member of the minority faith can be employed by either the public board or by the separate board, while anyone else can be excluded from employment by the separate system.) On November 5, 1999, the United Nations Human Rights Committee condemned Canada and Ontario for having violated the equality provisions (Article 26) of

12093-406: The minority faith locally. When the census confirms minority status, a meeting must be widely advertised. The purpose of meeting is to provide a venue at which all of the local members of the minority faith can debate the pros and cons of leaving the public school jurisdiction and creating a separate school district. At the end of the meeting, a vote may be held on the question of establishment. If

12232-488: The nine wards of the City of Toronto, the mayor of Scarborough and the four members of Scarborough's Board of Control, the mayor of Etobicoke and three of the four members of Etobicoke's Board of Control (the top three in terms of votes), the mayor of York and its two Controllers, the mayor of East York and one alderman, selected by East York council, the mayor of North York, all four members of North York's Board of Control, and one alderman selected by North York's council. After

12371-556: The north, and the Rouge River to the east. Prior to the formation of Metropolitan Toronto, the municipalities surrounding the central city of Toronto were all independent townships, towns and villages within York County . After 1912, the city no longer annexed suburbs from York Township. At times, the suburbs asked to be annexed into Toronto, but the city chose not to do so. In 1924, Ontario cabinet minister George S. Henry

12510-410: The number of the ward, name of municipality and the name of the local communities: At its inception in 1953, Metro was headquartered at a six-floor building at 67 Adelaide Street East (now home to Adelaide Resource Centre for Women). When the new Toronto City Hall opened in 1965, one of its twin towers was intended for Metro Toronto offices and the other for the City of Toronto; the two councils shared

12649-525: The passage of legislation to allow for the creation of industrial schools, similar to those created in England. In the meantime, a class for expelled students was created in a church mission run by the Anglican Grace Church . The space was provided for free by the church and the class was staffed by the TPSB, who provided Esther Frances How who would go on to be widely remembered for her work at

12788-497: The position). As usual in Ontario municipalities, these councils were non-partisan , although in later years some councillors (and candidates) did identify themselves explicitly as members of particular political parties. Metro councillors were elected by plurality . From the inception of Metro Toronto until amalgamation , there were six chairmen altogether: Metro Toronto wards established in 1988 were given names that contained

12927-534: The problem of dealing with a French Catholic community was solved through the simple but brutal method of expulsion. The Expulsion of the Acadians of 1755 saw some 12,000 Acadians killed and/or forcibly resettled to the Thirteen Colonies, Louisiana, France, England, etc. Some later returned, but their land and villages had been given away to Anglo-Protestant settlers. However, the trigger for expulsion

13066-497: The problems. In 1950, the City of Toronto Council voted to adopt an amalgamated city, while nearly all of the suburbs rejected the amalgamation. From 1950 until 1951, the Ontario Municipal Board held hearings on the proposal, under the chairmanship of Lorne Cumming. The Board worked until 1953, releasing its report on January 20, 1953. Cumming's report proposed a compromise solution: a two-tiered government, with

13205-528: The province initially, then to be elected by the Council itself after 1955. Premier Frost convinced Fred Gardiner, who still preferred amalgamation, over the metro scheme, to take the job. Gardiner was well known to Frost through the Conservative Party, was well-off, was felt to be beyond personal corruption. Gardiner accepted the position partly due to his friendship with Frost, and he demanded that he retain his corporate connections. He also felt that

13344-508: The province was not made free by law until 1871, the 1850 Common School Act allowed for individual boards to entirely fund their schools through public funds. The Toronto Public School Board voted to do so in 1851, making elementary schooling in the city free. Minutes from the first meetings of the Toronto Public School Board have been preserved by the Toronto District School Board Museum and Archives. When

13483-418: The province's or territory's local authorities election legislation. These trustees are legally accountable to their electorate and to the provincial or territorial government. No church has a constitutional , legal, or proprietary interest in a separate school. The constitutionally provided mandate of a separate school jurisdiction and of a separate school is to provide education in a school setting that

13622-600: The provincial government. However, they were not empowered to make these levies compulsory until the passage of the Common School Act in 1850 brought on in part by the closure of schools in Toronto in 1848 due to lack of funds. This act also allowed for the creation of separate schools boards in Ontario including racially segregated schools. In Toronto, the act allowed for the creation of a Catholic school board which would eventually become today's Toronto Catholic District School Board . While elementary schooling across

13761-416: The public school system except by leaving the minority faith. In Saskatchewan and Ontario, members of the minority faith may choose to be supporters of the public school system, notwithstanding their faith. Retention of separate school boards with public funding was a major issue of contention in the negotiations that led to Canadian confederation , chiefly as a result of ethnic and religious tension between

13900-414: The report. The school board claims a few have been carried out and others are in the works. When surveyed about a wide range of topics, the worst result was the school board's maintenance and construction division. Eighty percent of principals didn't believe the maintenance and construction division delivered good value for the money TDSB director Chris Spence " To use a football analogy, we are trying to move

14039-515: The right of religious minorities (whether Protestant or Roman Catholic) to establish separate schools. School boards funded by the province consist of 29 English Catholic and 8 French Catholic boards, as well as 35 non-denominational public school boards (31 English public, 4 French public). There is one Protestant separate school jurisdiction in Ontario, the Burkevale Protestant Separate School , operated by

14178-691: The right to a separate system. The institutionalization of separate schools in Canada West (Upper Canada before 1840) was secured by the Scott Act of 1863, but with the caveat that rural Catholic schools could only serve an area with a radius of 3 miles (4.8 km). In the Maritime provinces, similar issues were at play. In 1864, the government of Nova Scotia reformed its system of education, withdrawing support from all schools which were religious or which used any language other than English as

14317-493: The same time, any decision against establishment has no term: proponents can begin almost immediately to organize a subsequent effort.) In Alberta, wherever a separate school system exists, individuals who are of the minority faith that established the separate school system must be residents, electors, and ratepayers of the separate school system (the Schmidt decision ). There is no way by which they could opt to be supporters of

14456-518: The school board system, from parental involvement at local schools, the involvement of local organizations at the school level and formal advisory committees at the board level. There has also been an effort to include more student involvement in the Toronto District School Board. The "Super Council" is an organization which acts as a student council for the entire board. There has also been an attempt to place student input in

14595-614: The school increased with a reduction in the number of young women housed at the Industrial Refuge for Girls at the Andrew Mercer Reformatory for Women . A number of factors including poverty led girls to be place at the school rather than other institutions such as the Toronto Girls' Home. The Collegiate Institute Board was created in 1807 to oversee what we would now call secondary schools. Unlike

14734-750: The school. Although the Ontario Industrial Schools Act was passed in 1874, industrial schools were not built in Toronto until 1887, when the province provided funding to support the construction of such schools. The first two industrial schools in Toronto were the Victoria Industrial School for Boys and the Alexandra School for Girls. The schools were both part of the Industrial Schools Association of Toronto. Built in 1887,

14873-413: The school. In the Toronto Public School Board, provisions were made for a room for the teacher in the basements of the first six schools. At this time, secondary schools, or grammar schools, were not free. However, the Toronto Public School Board provided scholarships for the top achieving boys to attend these all-male institutions. A provincial grant incentivized the creation of school libraries, and in 1858

15012-433: The schooling for children of many members of so-called "mainstream" Protestant denominations. All of these schools received grants from the provincial government for their operation. Ownership of the schools ranged from parochial (owned and operated directly by a church) to ownership and operation by a separate not-for-profit society. The constitutional obligation on the province to maintain this system of confessional schools

15151-406: The schools was derived from the sale of crown lands, but the lands chosen to support education were undesirable and could not command a high enough price to sustain the common schools. In addition to undesirability, the acreage devoted to funding the common schools initially granted in 1816 was later reduced by half. These deficiencies began to be addressed by the School Act of 1844 and culminated in

15290-462: The seats on Metro Council were reapportioned according to population, the council was now dominated by the suburban majority; but it continued to address suburban and inner city issues in equal measure. In the 1995 provincial election , PCO leader Mike Harris campaigned on reducing the level of government in Ontario as part of his Common Sense Revolution platform, and promised to examine Metropolitan Toronto with an eye to eliminating it. However, in

15429-641: The separate school board considers reflective of Roman Catholic (or, rarely, Protestant ) theology, doctrine, and practices. This mandate can manifest itself in the Program of Studies and the curriculum , exercises and practices, and staffing. The limits of this mandate are determined by the application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms , and judicial decisions. The different experience in Ontario as compared to Alberta and Saskatchewan

15568-477: The structure of a single city. For example, most of the areas of the small inner boroughs of York and East York, were in effect, extensions of inner city Toronto and gradually transitioned into the more typical suburban areas of the outer municipalities (which also had such inner-city areas where they bordered Toronto). Given that none of the boroughs originated as distinct settlements, they did not have their own downtowns. To give themselves an identity distinct from

15707-401: The suburbs which now had 20 out of 32 seats on the body – up from 11 out of 22 with seats roughly allocated according to population. The distribution of seats was as follows. Toronto (12), North York (6), Scarborough (5), Etobicoke (4), York (3), East York (2). The new Metro Council was made up of the mayor of Toronto, two of the four members of the Toronto Board of Control, senior aldermen from

15846-540: The three territories ( Northwest Territories , Yukon and Nunavut ). In these Canadian jurisdictions, a separate school is one operated by a civil authority—a separate school board —with a mandate enshrined in the Canadian Constitution (for the three provinces) or in federal statutes (for the three territories). In these six jurisdictions a civil electorate , composed of the members of the minority faith , elects separate school trustees according to

15985-408: The yardstick. There is no quick fix. " The Toronto Star reported that in recent investigation showed little has changed since that review. A secondary school principal " raised questions about the $ 143 cost of installing a pencil sharpener and the $ 19,000 cost of installing a sign on the school's front lawn. " In 2007, again due to alleged mismanagement by the trustees, the board will try to submit

16124-479: Was Metro chairman from 1953 until the end of 1961. During his tenure, Metro built numerous infrastructure projects, including the opening of the first subway line , start of construction of the second subway line , water and sewage treatment facilities, rental housing for the aged and the Gardiner Expressway , named after Gardiner. Metro also amalgamated the various police forces into one in 1956. It

16263-626: Was a builder; his presence as the only trustee from more humble roots speaks to the composition of the Toronto Public School Board in this era. Joseph Workman was elected chair of the school board. In addition to serving on the board for five years, he was superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, now the Queen Street Mental Health Centre of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health . Workman

16402-423: Was a period of rapid development of the suburban municipalities of Metro. The population of Metropolitan Toronto increased from one million to 1.6   million by the time he left office. As a result of continued growth, the province reorganized Metro in 1967. The seven small towns and villages, which were no longer any denser than the surrounding areas, were merged into their surrounding municipalities. This left

16541-411: Was about the fear that Acadians would side with France during the " French and Indian War " (1754–1760/1763). When the much larger colony of Canada fell in 1763 ( Quebec City invaded in 1759, Montreal in 1760), deportation was seen as less practical. Instead British officials promised to allow French Canadians to keep their religion and customs: His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant

16680-487: Was added in each of the next two years. The right to have a publicly funded separate denominational school system continues to be guaranteed to Roman Catholics in Ontario by s. 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867 . The issue of extending public funding to other religious schools was raised by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in the 2007 Ontario general election ; however they lost

16819-475: Was appointed by the province; subsequent chairmen were elected by Metro Council itself. The Metro chairman was, for many years, an ex-officio member of the council without having to be elected to Metro Council by constituents as either a local mayor, controller , alderman or councillor. Beginning in 1988, the position of chairman was chosen by council members from amongst its own members (excluding mayors who could vote for Metro councillors but could no longer run for

16958-421: Was commonly referred to as " Metro Toronto " or " Metro ". Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current City of Toronto . The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution: Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to

17097-449: Was composed of the City of Toronto, the towns of New Toronto , Mimico , Weston and Leaside ; the villages of Long Branch , Swansea and Forest Hill and the townships of Etobicoke , York , North York , East York , and Scarborough . Metropolitan Toronto had planning authority over the surrounding townships such as Vaughan , Markham , and Pickering , although these areas did not have representation on Metro Council. Gardiner

17236-661: Was created to oversee a single school, the Toronto Technical School . Classes were first offered in 1892 in St. Lawrence Hall , but when enrolment exceeded expectations they were moved to Old Wycliffe Hall, now part of the University of Toronto campus. In 1901, classes were moved to the Stewart Building due to growing enrolment. Finally, the school moved to its current location in 1915 and is now known as

17375-588: Was developed by a committee assembled by Ontario Minister of Education Sean Conway . CÉFCUT was established on 1 December 1988, and it began operations in 1989. The passage of The Fewer School Boards Act of 1997, a bill passed by the Conservative Mike Harris government despite public opposition, which amalgamated boards of education across the province, reducing a number of boards to 72. The Act immediately followed legislation which amalgamated municipalities such as Bill 103 which made changes to

17514-460: Was elected in 1943, with a changed policy, intending to promote economic growth through government action. Also in 1943, the first master plan was adopted in Toronto. It recognized that future growth would take place in the vacant land of adjacent suburbs. Planning would have to take into account the whole metropolitan area. Forest Hill reeve Fred Gardiner , who was politically well-connected to newly elected PC premier George Drew , now promoted

17653-561: Was eliminated by the Constitution Amendment, 1998 (Newfoundland Act) , following a provincial referendum in 1997. The province then established a single non-denominational public school system. The question of separate schools has been most controversial in Ontario and Manitoba . In the former, the issue of separate schools aggravated tensions between anglophones and francophones , both Protestant and Catholic . The ending of public support for separate schools in

17792-442: Was later renamed to Conseil Scolaire de District du Centre-Sud-Ouest . TDSB headquarters was located at 155 College Street, the former offices of the Toronto Board of Education. TDSB head office moved from 155 College Street to 5050 Yonge Street, which was previously occupied by the North York Board of Education . The school board's organizational mission is "to enable all students to reach high levels of achievement and to acquire

17931-450: Was located at the former York Mills Public School site on Campbell Crescent (built 1956 and demolished 2004). Throughout its existence, the MTSB assisted local boards with maintenance assistance payments but the local school boards were exempted from paying property taxes. In 1967, Forest Hill and Swansea boards were abolished and merged with the TBE. The Lakeshore board was amalgamated with

18070-586: Was located on the same grounds as the Grammar School. However, this lasted only four years before the school and its associated school board were shut down in favour of the creation of the Central School which was placed under the control of an unelected board and marked an attempt to bring public schools under Anglican religious control. Control of this board in Toronto was then subsumed under a provincial board of education in 1824, itself merged into

18209-489: Was lower and the schools were more similar to county schools. The first elections for the school board were held on September 3, 1850. Two trustees were elected to represent each of the six wards in the city. This list includes many prominent families of Toronto. Positions on the board were unpaid and were dominated by members of wealthy families who could afford to spend time in meetings and advocating for board policies. J.D. Ridout and G.P. Ridout were sons of Thomas Ridout ,

18348-491: Was made under the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act ." Metro Toronto The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanize rapidly after World War II. It

18487-433: Was one of the prime supporters of the campaign to build publicly owned schools. George Anthony Barber , the board's first Local Superintendent, and the father of Canadian cricket . Rev. James Porter, the board's second Local Superintendent. He worked to increase attendance at Toronto's public schools and reported to Egerton Ryerson on the construction of a new school for the board, Elizabeth St School. Jesse Ketchum ,

18626-623: Was replaced by a linguistically based secular school system, after the passage of a constitutional amendment The province of Newfoundland and Labrador had a separate school system until 1997. At the time that the Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada on March 31, 1949, the Newfoundland schools were all organized on a confessional basis with separate denominational schools for Roman Catholics , Seventh-day Adventists , Salvationists , Pentecostals , and an integrated stream which oversaw

18765-420: Was the first to propose a 'metropolitan district' with its own council, separate from the city and the county, to administer shared services. He wrote a draft bill, but the government chose not to act on it. The Great Depression saw almost all of the towns and villages of the county become insolvent. When that happened, they were financially taken over by the province. In 1933, Henry, now the premier, appointed

18904-641: Was the junior alderman. Both aldermen sat on the Toronto City Council, but only the senior alderman sat on Metro Council. With the 1985 Toronto municipal election the Metro Councillor and City Councillor in the City of Toronto were elected separately though from the same ward. The Metro Councillors still sat on both the Toronto and Metro Council, however. The suburbs retained the status quo and still did not have direct elections to Metro. The Province of Ontario changed this arrangement with

19043-586: Was then divided by Constitutional Act of 1791 , with the Anglican Church becoming the established religion in Upper Canada (now Ontario) while Lower Canada remained legally secular but dominated by the Catholic church. Inevitably, some people ended up on the "wrong" side of this division, with a French Catholic minority in Upper Canada and an Anglo-Protestant minority in Lower Canada. Schools of

19182-685: Was used for the education of inmates under various names including the Mimico Correctional Centre and is now home to the Toronto South Detention Centre . Opened in 1892, the Alexandra School for Girls was located to the east of the then-bounds of the City of Toronto in Scarborough to the north of the intersection of present-day Blantyre Ave and Kingston Rd. The school was opened under the leadership of Superintendent Lucy W. Brooking. The population of

19321-473: Was withdrawn. The government then started its own inquiry into issues of the suburbs surrounding Toronto. Through consensus, it came to the conclusion that a metropolitan municipality was the best solution. The inquiry reported in September 1939, and its conclusions were put aside for the duration of World War II. Two factors changed in the 1940s. A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PCO) government

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