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40-526: After losing a legal battle with Slip-N-Slide Records , TVT Records filed for bankruptcy in 2008 and the company's assets were acquired by The Orchard and Reservoir Media . Content that had previously been transferred to Prudential Financial was acquired by Bicycle Music Company in 2010. The label's roster included Nine Inch Nails , Ja Rule , Lil Jon , Underworld , KMFDM , Gravity Kills , The KLF , The Baldwin Brothers , Sevendust , Nothingface ,

80-558: A lawsuit against the popular service. The service would only get bigger as the trial, meant to shut down Napster, also gave it a great deal of publicity . Soon millions of users, many of whom were college students, flocked to it. After a failed appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court , an injunction was issued on March 5, 2001, ordering Napster to prevent the trading of copyrighted music on its network. Lawrence Lessig claimed, however, that this decision made little sense from

120-451: A $ 9 million lawsuit to Slip-N-Slide Records when a Florida judge ruled that Slip-N-Slide had legal rights to distribute an unreleased album it owned by rapper Pitbull that he recorded for Slip-N-Slide in 2001. TVT, who signed Pitbull several years later, had sought to notice third parties (such as record stores or digital download entities) that the distribution and sale of this album would violate TVT's exclusive right to create new music by

160-734: A Macintosh client called Macster. Macster was later bought by Napster and designated the official Mac Napster client ("Napster for the Mac"), at which point the Macster name was discontinued. Even before the acquisition of Macster, the Macintosh community had a variety of independently developed Napster clients. The most notable was the open source client called MacStar, released by Squirrel Software in early 2000, and Rapster, released by Overcaster Family in Brazil. The release of MacStar's source code paved

200-669: A bankruptcy auction by Roxio which used them to re-brand the Pressplay music service as Napster 2.0 . In September 2008, Napster was purchased by US electronics retailer Best Buy for US $ 121 million. On December 1, 2011, pursuant to a deal with Best Buy , Napster merged with Rhapsody , with Best Buy receiving a minority stake in Rhapsody. On July 14, 2016, Rhapsody phased out the Rhapsody brand in favor of Napster and has since branded its service internationally as Napster and expanded toward other markets by providing music on-demand as

240-569: A centralized database that indexed a complete list of all songs being shared from connected clients. While effective, the service could not function without the central database, which was hosted by Napster and eventually forced to shut down. Following Napster's demise, alternative decentralized methods of P2P file-sharing emerged, including LimeWire , Gnutella , Freenet , FastTrack , and BitTorrent . Napster's assets were eventually acquired by Roxio , and it re-emerged as an online music store commonly known as Napster 2.0 . Best Buy later purchased

280-501: A division of Slip-n-Slide devoted to rock music and signed pop singer Qwote and R&B singer Shonie in 2008. In 2009, Slip-n-Slide signed Jagged Edge , an R&B group that had been previously signed to Def Jam . Previously, Slip-n-Slide focused on developing new artists from the South Florida area. Slip-n-Slide records is closely affiliated with fellow Miami based label Poe Boy Music Group . Napster Napster

320-575: A gold release in Germany and Sweden with The Connells , and scored platinum and gold records in Canada with Default . TeeVee Toons was founded in August 1984 by Steve Gottlieb , a graduate of Yale University and Harvard Law. Gottlieb launched the label from his New York City apartment with the release of Television's Greatest Hits , an album featuring theme songs from classic TV shows that became

360-483: A respectable seller. The San Francisco Chronicle called the album "the most fun you can have with your pants on", and the New York Times highlighted it as one of 1985's most notable business ideas. In 1986, TeeVee Toons was shortened to TVT Records. In 1988–89, TVT signed industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , and they released their debut studio album Pretty Hate Machine on October 20, 1989. But there

400-695: A subscription system, and thus traffic to Napster was reduced. A prototype solution was tested in 2002: the Napster 3.0 Alpha, using the ".nap" secure file format from PlayMedia Systems and audio fingerprinting technology licensed from Relatable. Napster 3.0 was, according to many former Napster employees, ready to deploy, but it had significant trouble obtaining licenses to distribute major-label music. On May 17, 2002, Napster announced that its assets would be acquired by German media firm Bertelsmann for $ 85 million to transform Napster into an online music subscription service. The two companies had been collaborating since

440-541: A third party. In a 2018 Rolling Stone article, Kirk Hammett of Metallica upheld the band's opinion that suing Napster was the "right" thing to do. Along with the accusations that Napster was hurting the sales of the record industry, some felt just the opposite, that file trading on Napster stimulated, rather than hurt, sales. Some evidence may have come in July 2000 when tracks from English rock band Radiohead 's album Kid A found their way to Napster three weeks before

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480-436: A war on copyright infringement." On July 11, 2001, Napster shut down its entire network to comply with the injunction. On September 24, 2001, the case was partially settled. Napster agreed to pay music creators and copyright owners a $ 26 million settlement for past, unauthorized uses of music, and as an advance against future licensing royalties of $ 10 million. To pay those fees, Napster attempted to convert its free service into

520-697: The Billboard 200 sales chart in its debut week. According to Richard Menta of MP3 Newswire , the effect of Napster in this instance was isolated from other elements that could be credited for driving sales, and the album's unexpected success suggested that Napster was a good promotional tool for music. Since 2000, many musical artists, particularly those not signed to major labels and without access to traditional mass media outlets such as radio and television, have said that Napster and successive Internet file-sharing networks have helped get their music heard, spread word of mouth, and may have improved their sales in

560-569: The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in a separate lawsuit from several major record labels (see below). In 2000, Madonna 's single " Music " was leaked out onto the web and Napster prior to its commercial release, causing widespread media coverage. Verified Napster use peaked with 26.4 million users worldwide in February 2001. In 2000, the American musical recording company A&M Records along with several other recording companies, through

600-645: The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), sued Napster ( A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. ) on grounds of contributory and vicarious copyright infringement under the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Napster was faced with the following allegations from the music industry: Napster lost the case in the District Court but then appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for

640-472: The "Mortal Kombat" soundtracks, the first seven volumes of Television's Greatest Hits , and a Wax Trax boxed set; certain publishing rights in compositions from KMFDM , Gil Scott-Heron and Nine Inch Nails, among others; and trademarks, including the Television's Greatest Hits logo, after TVT had defaulted on a loan to Prudential. In 2005, Prudential placed the catalogue up for sale. In 2007, TVT lost

680-680: The Napster advisory board. Gottlieb appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2001 on a panel that included Richard Parsons , then head of Time Warner ; Ken Berry, head of EMI ; and artists Alanis Morissette and Don Henley . CEO Gottlieb served on the Board of Directors of Musicmatch (sold to Yahoo! ). TVT was one of the founding members of the Association of Independent Music (A2IM), an organization devoted to protecting independent labels' interests. In 2002,

720-784: The Napster service had about 80 million registered users. Napster made it relatively easy for music enthusiasts to download copies of songs that were otherwise difficult to obtain, such as older songs, unreleased recordings, studio recordings, and songs from concert bootleg recordings. Napster paved the way for streaming media services and transformed music into a public good for a brief time. High-speed networks in college dormitories became overloaded, with as much as 61% of external network traffic consisting of MP3 file transfers. Many colleges blocked its use for this reason, even before concerns about liability for facilitating copyright violations on campus. The service and software program began as Windows -only. However, in 2000, Black Hole Media wrote

760-587: The Ninth Circuit. Although it was clear that Napster could have commercially significant non-infringing uses, the Ninth Circuit upheld the District Court's decision. Immediately after, the District Court commanded Napster to keep track of the activities of its network and to restrict access to infringing material when informed of that material's location. Napster wasn't able to comply and thus had to close down its service in July 2001. In 2002, Napster announced that it had filed for bankruptcy and sold its assets to

800-591: The Wellwater Conspiracy , The Brian Jonestown Massacre , The Holloways , The Cinematics , Buck-O-Nine , DJ Hurricane , Speech and Pitbull . The label had a triple platinum release with Nine Inch Nails's Pretty Hate Machine , two double platinum releases by Lil Jon, and platinum releases by Snoop Dogg and Tha Eastsidaz , Dashboard Confessional , Default and Ying Yang Twins , as well as gold releases by Sevendust , Gravity Kills , and The Black Crowes and Jimmy Page . Additionally, TVT achieved

840-508: The album's release. Unlike Madonna, Dr. Dre, or Metallica, Radiohead had never hit the top 20 in the US. Furthermore, Kid A was an album without any singles released, and received relatively little radio airplay . By the time of the album's release, the album was estimated to have been downloaded for free by millions of people worldwide, and in October 2000 Kid A captured the number one spot on

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880-401: The artist. The judge, however, ruled against TVT as Pitbull had made the recordings prior to signing with TVT, and awarded Slip-N-Slide the $ 9 million judgement as TVT had attempted to block the sale of the album. TVT filed for appeal but was unable to post the required bond, thus TVT filed for bankruptcy. On February 19, 2008, Gottlieb stated "This is not the end of TVT." In June 2008, however,

920-445: The catalogues of Nine Inch Nails , The Connells and Television's Greatest Hits , from Prudential. Slip-N-Slide Records Slip-N-Slide Records is an American record label, founded in 1994 by Ted Lucas. Ted Lucas founded the label in 1994. Slip-n-Slide signed local rapper Trick Daddy Dollars in its early years; he debuted in 1997 with the locally popular album Based on a True Story and broke into mainstream success

960-440: The claims of fraud and tortious interference, a jury awarded TVT a $ 132 million judgment. Universal appealed the ruling. On appeal, Cohen and Universal argued the existence of an agreement between the parties meant that their behavior was only a breach of contract and not a fraud or tort. The court agreed, reducing TVT's award to $ 126,000. In 2002, Prudential Financial acquired the rights to Pretty Hate Machine , The Connells ,

1000-559: The digital music label The Orchard was declared the winning bidder by a New York bankruptcy court, paying $ 6.05 million. The Orchard gained control of TVT's artist contracts, catalogue recordings, and its distribution infrastructure, thus ending the TVT Records label imprint. The music publishing assets were transferred to TVT Music Enterprises, and later purchased by Reservoir Media . On April 6, 2010, The Bicycle Music Company acquired 700 master recordings across 80 albums, including

1040-407: The early 2000s. During his early years under the label, he did guest performances on some releases; he released two albums under the label, Port of Miami in 2006 and Trilla in 2008. Ross left Slip-n-Slide in 2009. On June 26, 2001, Renee Perkins of District Heights, Maryland sued Slip-n-Slide for failing to edit the expletive "dick" from Trick Daddy's Thugs Are Us album. Perkins bought

1080-445: The edited version of the album for her 11-year-old son to play at a party. Years later, TVT Records was ordered in court to pay Slip-n-Slide $ 2.3 million in compensatory damages and $ 6.8 million in punitive damages for blocking the release of Welcome to the 305 , an unreleased album that rapper Pitbull recorded with Slip-n-Slide before he signed to TVT. This would be a major factor in the subsequent collapse of TVT. Lucas started

1120-410: The label got into a dispute with Lyor Cohen , then head of Island Def Jam . The dispute involved Cohen and Universal paying former TVT artist Ja Rule $ 8 million to not deliver an album paid for by TVT, and promised to TVT and instead deliver it to Universal . In the resulting litigation Universal was prohibited by the courts from releasing the album created with TVT's funding. In the ultimate trial over

1160-455: The long term. One such musician to publicly defend Napster as a promotional tool for independent artists was DJ Xealot, who became directly involved in the 2000 A&M Records Lawsuit. Chuck D from Public Enemy also came out and publicly supported Napster. Napster's facilitation of the transfer of copyrighted material raised the ire of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), which almost immediately—on December 6, 1999—filed

1200-431: The middle of 2000 when Bertelsmann became the first major label to drop its copyright lawsuit against Napster. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, on June 3 Napster filed for Chapter 11 protection under United States bankruptcy laws. On September 3, 2002, an American bankruptcy judge blocked the sale to Bertelsmann and forced Napster to liquidate its assets. Napster's brand and logos were acquired at

1240-577: The next year with his second album www.thug.com , having dropped "Dollars" from his stage name. The album included hit single " Nann Nigga ", featuring the new rapper Trina . He released some more albums under Slip-n-Slide and scored another top hit in 2004 with " Let's Go " featuring Twista and Lil Jon . His last Slip-n-Slide album was Back By Thug Demand in 2006. In 2008, Trick Daddy left Slip-n-Slide for his own label Dunk Ryders Records. Other rappers signed to Slip-n-Slide include Trina , Rick Ross , and Plies . Rick Ross signed to Slip-n-Slide in

TVT Records - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-524: The original service was shut down by court order, the Napster brand survived after the company's assets were liquidated and purchased by other companies through bankruptcy proceedings. Although there were already networks that facilitated the distribution of files across the Internet, such as IRC , Hotline , and Usenet , Napster specialized in MP3 files of music and had a user-friendly interface. At its peak,

1320-427: The perspective of copyright protection: "When Napster told the district court that it had developed a technology to block the transfer of 99.4 percent of identified infringing material, the district court told counsel for Napster 99.4 percent was not good enough. Napster had to push the infringements 'down to zero.' If 99.4 percent is not good enough," Lessig concluded, "then this is a war on file-sharing technologies, not

1360-512: The royalties made from future NIN releases. In 1996 Crain's named Gottlieb one of its Forty Under 40 Rising Stars to Watch, citing the 50% yearly growth of TVT. In 1999 TVT completed a securitization that enabled it to raise $ 23.5 million in growth capital . In 2000, TVT became the first label to put its entire catalog online available for downloading and free streaming by fans. In 2001, the label reached an amicable arrangement with Napster for use of TVT's artist copyrights, and TVT's CEO joined

1400-618: The service and merged it with its Rhapsody streaming service on December 1, 2011. In 2016, the original branding was restored when Rhapsody was renamed Napster. In 2022, the Napster streaming service was acquired by two Web3 companies, Hivemind and Algorand. Jon Vlassopulos was appointed as CEO. Napster was founded by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker . Initially, Napster was envisioned by Fanning as an independent peer-to-peer file sharing service. The service operated between June 1999 and July 2001. Its technology enabled people to easily share their MP3 files with other participants. Although

1440-544: The single " Head Like a Hole " that was longer in length than the original album, and started underpaying Reznor, along with pressuring him to make a follow-up record that sounded identical to Pretty Hate Machine . Scared that TVT would interfere with his creative control, Reznor, in secret, started recording what would become Broken in 1992. He met Jimmy Iovine , founder of Interscope Records , and finally, in 1992, Reznor and TVT reached an agreement where NIN would leave TVT and move to Interscope, but TVT would receive some of

1480-505: The way for third-party Napster clients across all computing platforms, giving users advertisement-free music distribution options. Heavy metal band Metallica discovered a demo of their song " I Disappear " had been circulating across the network before it was released. This led to it being played on several radio stations across the United States, which alerted Metallica to the fact that their entire back catalogue of studio material

1520-489: Was also available. On April 13, 2000, they filed a lawsuit against Napster . A month later, rapper and producer Dr. Dre , who shared a litigator and legal firm with Metallica, filed a similar lawsuit after Napster refused his written request to remove his works from its service. Separately, Metallica and Dr. Dre later delivered to Napster thousands of usernames of people who they believed were pirating their songs. In March 2001, Napster settled both suits, after being shut down by

1560-643: Was an American peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing application primarily associated with digital audio file distribution. Founded by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker , the platform originally launched on June 1, 1999. Audio shared on the service was typically encoded in the MP3 format. As the software became popular, the company encountered legal difficulties over copyright infringement . Napster ceased operations in 2001 after losing multiple lawsuits and filed for bankruptcy in June 2002. The P2P model employed by Napster involved

1600-412: Was tension between Gottlieb and NIN frontman Trent Reznor throughout the promotion. According to Reznor, Gottlieb called Nine Inch Nails' record an "abortion". He said to him: "You fucked up what could have been a good career." When Pretty Hate Machine sold 1,000,000 copies, Gottlieb reacted rudely, ordering the band to sell 4 million copies of the follow-up. While NIN was on tour, TVT released an EP for

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