Misplaced Pages

#602397

100-682: The Premio is the successor of the Corona which first appeared in 1957. The Corona EXiV , a four-door hardtop sedan that appeared in 1989, was replaced by the Progrès , which was also briefly available with the Premio until 2007. The Premio is exclusive to Toyopet Store dealerships, as a smaller companion to the Mark X . The Allion replaced the Carina , a model that first appeared in 1970. The Carina ED ,

200-570: A cab over van equipped for both commercial and commuting duties using the Corona engines, called the Toyota HiAce , offering more payload than the Corona was suited for. The coupé utility was produced by the former Central Motors between October 1964 and August 1968. In July 1965 the 2-door hardtop coupé body style was introduced. Top speed for the 1.2-litre Corona is 110 km/h (68 mph). In January 1967 this also became available as

300-517: A polyphase winding is used and the pole-pieces of the rotor are shaped (claw-pole). Automotive alternators are usually belt -driven at 2–3 times crankshaft speed, speeds that could cause a commutator to fly apart in a generator. The alternator runs at various RPM (which varies the frequency) since it is driven by the engine. This is not a problem because the alternating current is rectified to direct current . Alternator regulators are also simpler than those for generators. Generator regulators require

400-399: A voltage regulator which operates by modulating the small field current to produce a constant voltage at the battery terminals. Early designs (c.1960s–1970s) used a discrete device mounted elsewhere in the vehicle. Intermediate designs (c.1970s–1990s) incorporated the voltage regulator into the alternator housing. Modern designs do away with the voltage regulator altogether; voltage regulation

500-544: A "Toyota" rather than a "Toyopet" in the Japanese domestic market. All models featured MacPherson strut independent front suspension as well as a four-link trailing arm rear suspension arrangement with a Panhard rod , except for the wagon, which used leaf springs, like the Corolla and Cressida wagons. Disc brakes were fitted as standard equipment on the front of all models. Rear disc brakes were fitted as standard on

600-684: A "light van" in Japan. This was registered as a commercial vehicle for certain tax benefits and less restrictive emissions standards. When introduced, the Corona Van was available as a 1600 (TT137V) or an 1800 (RT137V), both using engines not installed in the rest of the range. The 2T-J in the 1600 Standard produces 93 PS (68 kW) at 6000 rpm while the DX and GL models' 1.8-litre 16R offered 95 PS (70 kW) at 5600 rpm but with considerably more torque. The 2T and 16R were both replaced by

700-420: A 1.5-litre OHV engine and four-speed manual and then the 6R 1.7-litre OHC engine. After the first facelift (new nose and tail, square instead of round instrument housings) for 1972, the 6R engine was again used. The 1972 facelift (another new grille) saw two models – 1.6-litre OHV with three-speed column-shift manual and bench front seat and 1.7-litre four-speed floor shift manual and high-back buckets. This version

800-435: A 3 phase alternator may be connected using either the delta or star ( wye ) connection regime set-up. Brushless versions of these type alternators are also common in larger machinery such as highway trucks and earthmoving machinery. With two oversized shaft bearings as the only wearing parts, these can provide extremely long and reliable service, even exceeding the engine overhaul intervals. Automotive alternators require

900-471: A battery nor did it encourage the use of one before it introduced an electric starter in 1919. The owner would have to install the battery themselves and charge it externally.) Starting in the 1919 model year, Ford upgraded the Model T to include an electric starter, which was standard for some models and optional for others. This starter installation also included a battery, charged by a conventional dynamo, and

1000-497: A claimed top speed of 200 km/h (125 mph). In 1972, a new set of performance coupes is introduced on the Corolla platform called the Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno . North American models had longer bumpers (hiding recoverable bumper shocks) to meet local 5 mph (8.0 km/h) impact standards; they gained standard radial tires in 1975. Side door impact upgrades were installed in all doors. This series also saw

1100-474: A cutout relay to isolate the output coils (the armature) from the battery at low speed; that isolation is provided by the alternator rectifier diodes. Also, most generator regulators include a current limiter; alternators are inherently current-limited. The claw pole design produces an AC waveform that is more efficiently rectified than a sine wave. Despite their names, both 'DC generators' (or 'dynamos') and 'alternators' initially produce alternating current. In

SECTION 10

#1732782986603

1200-459: A dense central band where the iron core and copper windings are tightly packed, and end bands where the windings are more exposed for better heat transfer. The closer core spacing from the rotor improves magnetic efficiency. The smaller, enclosed fans produce less noise, particularly at higher machine speeds. Alternators can also be water-cooled in cars. Larger vehicles may have field coil alternators similar to larger machines. The windings of

1300-627: A displacement of 1587 cc was equipped with a twin SU carburetor (Australian models with 12R engine had one double barrel Aisin downdraft carburetor), and was capable of 90 bhp (67 kW; 91 PS). Disc brakes were also introduced for the front wheels. Exports of this Corona proved popular in the US and Europe, with increased engine performance and durability improvements over previous versions. In September 1967 alone, Toyota produced 80,000 cars, with 30,000 being Coronas. In August 1967 Toyota installed

1400-428: A facelift. At the same time, "bi-beam" LED headlights and the collision avoidance system called " Toyota Safety Sense C" were introduced, adopting a styling influence from the larger, more prestigious S210 series Crown . On 1 December 2020, Toyota announced that the Premio and Allion would be discontinued from March 2021. This marked the end of the Corona lineage that was first introduced in 1957. The Allion nameplate

1500-460: A five-door van. In April 1967, the larger and more powerful 3P (1.35-litre) and 2R (1.5-litre) engines became available, replacing the lesser 2P in most markets. Power of these were 77 and 65 PS (57 and 48 kW) respectively. The Toyota automatic transmission, marketed as Toyoglide , was introduced on this version of the Corona. The 4R (12R in Australian versions) engine that had

1600-609: A four-door hardtop sedan that appeared in 1985, was replaced by the Brevis , which was briefly available with the Allion until 2007. The Allion is exclusive to Toyota Store dealerships, as a smaller companion to the Crown . Both cars are related to the Avensis , which is an imported five-door liftback from Europe , available at all Japanese dealership locations. The Camry , which is

1700-574: A four-door sedan and station wagon. The engine continued to use an OHV on base level vehicles, and SOHC on better equipped versions and most of the two-door coupés. The engines used in the Mark II were often shared with the Corona. Trim levels originally offered were the 1500 standard or DX, 1600 DX, and the 1600 SL (although the 1900 cc 8R engine was offered in North America and South Africa). The 1.5 offered 77 PS (57 kW), while

1800-412: A four-speed torque converter automatic transmission. The second generation Premio and Allion were introduced on 4 June 2007, with Toyota continuing to offer appearance modifications at local dealerships. These cars continued to fill the gap between the Corolla and Camry. G-BOOK was on the list of optional features. The Premio gained the inclusion of a LED in the rear light cluster. Other changes included

1900-586: A key role in Toyota's North American success. Having previously entered the North American passenger car market in 1957 as Toyopet , the company met little success, withdrawing in 1961. The company re-entered the North American market in June 1964, rebranded as Toyota , introducing its third-generation Corona with more modern technology and numerous standard features. Toyota advertised the car prominently, with

2000-444: A more elegant approach in comparison to the Allion, which has an emphasis towards younger buyers. The Premio and Allion share the same engines and interior. The Allion can be specced with front spoilers and rear mounted trunk wings, as well as ground effect body parts to enhance the vehicles appearance which are specially designed and sold by Toyota. The Allion also features rear tilting seats (similar to front seats). The Allion continues

2100-590: A production car by the Chrysler Corporation on the Valiant in 1960, several years ahead of Ford and General Motors . Some early automobiles, like the Ford Model T , used a different sort of charging system: an engine-driven magneto which generated low-voltage alternating current that was supplied to trembler coils , which provided the high voltage needed to generate ignition sparks. (This

SECTION 20

#1732782986603

2200-433: A rearward-sloping front end and a modestly restyled rear; North American cars received quad rectangular headlamps and a standard five-speed manual or an optional four-speed automatic. To meet an 85 per cent overall local parts content as a manufacturer, Toyota Australia chose to manufacture Corona sedans and wagons using 1.9-litre Holden Starfire engines . As installed by Toyota, the engine received some minor changes in

2300-416: A revised grille and bonnet, new headlight surrounds and a restyled dashboard. The taillights were also modified; while still rectangular, they were less busy in appearance. New Zealand assembly began with 1.6 OHV, three-speed manual column shift and bench front seat and 1.8-litre 16R OHC four-speed manual bucket front seat options. Later, the 18R 2.0-litre OHC engine replaced the 1.8 and was also offered with

2400-478: A separate platform, eventually dispensing with the "Corona" part of the name. The T80 series Corona was introduced February 1970 and was a complete redesign, and was developed on a separate platform from the Toyota Corona Mark II , which became a larger, more comfortable and powerful car, where the Corona remained focused on fuel economy. Body styles were further reduced to a two-door hardtop coupé,

2500-434: A single-occupant car that could accommodate three other passengers. A bench seat was not offered for front-seat passengers, and a console was blended into the dashboard, accommodating 4-speed or optional 5-speed. Due to its sporting nature, no automatic transmission was offered, and a limited slip differential was standard equipment. The interior only came in black, with reclining front bucket seats. The steering wheel matched

2600-451: A so-called 'DC generator', this AC current is generated in the rotating armature, and then converted to DC by the commutator and brushes. In an 'alternator', the AC current is generated in the stationary stator, and then is converted to DC by the rectifiers (diodes). Typical passenger vehicle and light truck alternators use Lundahl or 'claw-pole' field construction. This uses a shaped iron core on

2700-657: A three-speed automatic, the first auto Corona in New Zealand. A later update replaced the 2000 with an upgraded trim version badged 2000SE and wagon assembly commenced. Australian models had the 18R from the start, as did South African ones. Introduced in Japan in September 1978, the T130 series Corona adopted a boxier design over the outgoing T100/110/120 series. It maintained the standard front-engine / rear-wheel-drive layout of all Coronas that preceded it. The T130 series

2800-568: A two-litre engine at this time. Among the mechanical updates were electronic fuel injection installed on the 18R-E with a SOHC engine design that appeared in the two-door coupé. The 18R-B had twin SU Carburetors, with an electronically controlled automatic transmission, labeled ECT. Four-cylinder engine choices were pushrod 1.35 (van Standard only), 1.5, and 1.6-litre engines, and overhead-cam 1.7, 1.9, and 2.0-litre petrol units. Vans (wagons) were sold with 1.35 3P or 1.5-litre 2R engines for

2900-420: Is above 96%. Large AC generators used in power stations run at carefully controlled speeds and have no constraints on size or weight. They have very high efficiencies as high as 98%. Hybrid electric vehicles replace the separate alternator and starter motor with one or more combined motor/generator(s) that start the internal combustion engine, provide some or all of the mechanical power to the wheels, and charge

3000-707: Is also used as the long-wheelbase version of the E210 series Corolla for the Chinese market. Introduced at the Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2020, the Chinese-market Allion ( Chinese : 亚洲狮 ; pinyin : Yàzhōushī ; lit. 'Asian Lion', originally "傲澜" ( pinyin : Àolán ); the change was made because the latter name may sound offensive to Teochew dialect speakers)

3100-494: Is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota across eleven generations between 1957 and 2001. On launch, the Corona was Toyota's second-highest product in their range, just below the Crown . The Corona was marketed in the JDM at Toyota's Toyopet Store dealership channels, and the Corona was one of Toyota's first models exported to other global markets, followed by the smaller Toyota Corolla . The Corona played

Toyota Premio - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-665: Is limited by fan cooling loss, bearing loss, iron loss, copper loss, and the voltage drop in the diode bridges. Efficiency reduces dramatically at high speeds mainly due to fan resistance. At medium speeds efficiency of today's alternators is 70–80%. This betters very small high-performance permanent magnet alternators, such as those used for bicycle lighting systems, which achieve an efficiency around 60%. Larger permanent magnet electric machines (that can operate as motors or alternators) can achieve today much higher efficiencies. Pellegrino et al., for instance, propose not particularly expensive designs that show ample regions in which efficiency

3300-520: Is now a function of the engine control unit (ECU). The field current is much smaller than the output current of the alternator; for example, a 70 A alternator may need only 2-3 A of field current. The field current is supplied to the rotor windings by slip rings. The low current and relatively smooth slip rings ensure greater reliability and longer life than that obtained by a DC generator with its commutator and higher current being passed through its brushes. The field windings are supplied with power from

3400-462: The 2ZR-FE to the Valvematic 2ZR-FAE , improving fuel consumption to 18.6 km/L (44 mpg ‑US ; 53 mpg ‑imp ). In June 2010, fuel consumption for the 1.5-liter models was improved to 20 km/L (47 mpg ‑US ; 56 mpg ‑imp ) by improvements to engine and transmission control. Toyota revised the Premio and Allion again on 13 June 2016 with

3500-466: The 2000SL and the 2000SR with fuel injection. The 7R-engined RT82 was short-lived in Japan, only being available between February and September 1970, but in other markets it may have remained available until the introduction of the next Corona. In the United States, the 1970s were probably the Corona's high point, helped by the fuel crises of 1973 and 1979. Competition for sales continued from

3600-738: The Crown hardtop coupé in October 1968, the Corona Mark II GSS , the Celica GT, and the Carina GT in 1970 and the Toyota Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno in 1972, while a 2.0-litre DOHC engine continued to be offered in subsequent Corona GT coupés until 1983. On the front fenders, grilles were installed, and the inverted triangle found on the grille of the 2000GT is also installed on the 1600GT's grille. The Corona

3700-718: The Electronics Car . Based on the Corona Hardtop 1700SL, it showed many electronic innovations but was not put into production. 31 August 1973 saw the introduction of the Corona T100-Series, which continued to be built as a two-door or four-door sedans , a two-door hardtop coupé (T110 chassis codes) and as a four-door station wagon (marketed as a van for commercial use in Japan). Chassis codes 100–105 were reserved for sedans, with 106–109 for vans,

3800-574: The Japanese domestic market . A total of only 318 of these vehicles were sold in the US. In Australia the Tiara was produced in Port Melbourne , Victoria by Australian Motor Industries (AMI) starting from 1963. Two concept cars were shown at the 1963 Tokyo Motor Show – the Corona 1500S Convertible and the Corona 1900S Sporty Sedan . The Corona Sports Coupe was a concept car shown at

3900-574: The Nissan Bluebird , and from a new competitor from the Mazda RX-2 in 1971, with an introduction to the US in 1972. As with the prior generation models offered were limited to the four-door sedan and the hardtop coupe for most of the run, with the wagon added only for 1973, the final model year of the generation. These models were assembled in New Zealand (by Steel's) and Australia (Australian Motor Industries or AMI). NZ models initially had

4000-596: The Supra ). In spite of its air of sports and luxury, the Corona XX received the 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp) Starfire engine, albeit here only with a five-speed manual. Beginning in November 1979, Toyota Australia also imported the five-door Corona liftback fitted with Toyota's own, much more modern 2.0-litre 18R-C engine with 63 kW (86 PS; 84 hp). In 1981 the Australian Corona received

4100-463: The 1,198 cc 2P engine, with 55 PS (40 kW) at 5,000 rpm. This allowed for a maximum load of 500 kg (1,102 lb) for the two-seater versions and 300 kg (661 lb) for the five-seaters. Heavier loads were better accommodated by the Toyota Stout , while larger commercial grade trucks became available at Toyota Diesel Store locations. 1967 also saw the debut of

Toyota Premio - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-513: The 1,587 cc (96.8 cu in) DOHC 9R engine in the RT55 1600GT . This engine used the 4R engine block borrowed from the Corona 1600S with a Yamaha built DOHC head derived from the 2.0 L 3M engine in the exotic 2000GT that was introduced May 1967, and produced 110 PS (81 kW). The 1600GT was offered as a more affordable junior version of the larger, more exclusive 2000GT. In production for only 13 months, 2,222 examples of

4300-447: The 1.5-liter models was further improved to 18.6 km/L (44 mpg ‑US ; 53 mpg ‑imp ) by improvements to the engine, transmission and alternator control. The Premio and Allion were revised on 20 April 2010 with more aggressive and sharper looking headlights and twin LED tail lights with the interior remaining somewhat same. The 1.8-liter engine was changed from

4400-475: The 1.6 has 85 or 100 PS (63 or 74 kW) depending on the spec. A slight change occurred in January 1971, when the 2R and 7R engines (RT80/82/86V) were replaced by the more powerful 12R and 6R units (RT81/84/87V). At the same time, the larger 1.9-litre RT83 was added to the lineup. A plethora of transmissions were offered, with a three-speed manual as standard. A four-speed manual with a floor-mounted lever

4500-478: The 110–115 was for the hardtop coupé while 116–119 was for the wagon versions. The 120-series model codes were used for late-series facelifted models in the Japanese market fitted with the new emissions control TTC-C motors. The two-speed automatic was no longer offered. The facelift revised the bonnet and grille and enlarged the tail lights. The station wagon featured optional wood panel body claddings. Engines were 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0-litre SOHC units. In North America,

4600-473: The 1600GT were manufactured in Bellatrix Yellow, Pegasus White, Solar Red, and Thunder Silver metallic – all colours that were also offered on the 2000GT. The introduction of a two-door hardtop coupe reflected the growing prosperity of the Japanese economy . While the coupé offered some practical items like a spacious trunk and a rear seatback that folded down for additional items, it was offered as

4700-463: The 1963 Tokyo Motor Show – it shared little with the Corona except the suspension and the name. The load carrying variants, Coronaline van and pickup (technically a coupé utility ) were introduced in July and September 1960 with rigid axle semi-oval leaf spring rear suspension and 500 kg payload capacity, to fill commercial segment below the heavier capacity Toyota Stout . The third generation

4800-455: The 2.2-litre 20R engine with the Celica. Emission regulations passed in 1978 were applied across the range of models offered. The 1.8L engine was equipped with electronic fuel injection as well as the 2.0L engine. In Japan the venerable 2.0L 18R-G was offered in the range-topping 2000GT, developing 101 kW (135 hp) at 5800 rpm. The station wagon was, as usual at the time, marketed as

4900-518: The 2000GT and 2000SL, which were not available to all international markets. Other models were fitted with rear drum brakes . The Corona range received a thorough facelift in August 1980, with new rearwards sloping rectangular headlights which gave it a more modern appearance at the front. The T130 series was manufactured with a wide range of engine and transmission combinations. 1.6-litre 12R , 2T (and associated 12T ) and 2.0-litre 18R engines are

5000-452: The 2010 fuel consumption standards. The transmission was a Super CVT-i. The 2.0-liter engine option was discontinued in July 2020. Fuel consumption figures for the 1.5-liter models were improved to 18 km/L (42 mpg ‑US ; 51 mpg ‑imp ), and the 1.8-liter models were improved to 17 km/L (40 mpg ‑US ; 48 mpg ‑imp ), both types now fitted with CVT. From 2 October 2009, fuel consumption for

5100-564: The 20R 2.2-litre engine was used. The high-performance 2000GT Sedan and Hardtop Coupé with 18R-G twin cam engine were only offered in Japan. Yamaha supplied the alloy head for these high performance normally aspirated engines fitted with twin Mikuni-Solex 40 mm side-draft carburettors and a compression ratio of 9.7:1. Gearbox was the Porsche-type synchromesh 5-speed P51 coupled to a 4.1 F series limited slip differential, giving

SECTION 50

#1732782986603

5200-471: The Avensis is available only as a five-door liftback. The first generation Premio is an upscale, luxurious sedan in comparison to the Allion, which has a more youthful, sporting nature. Wood trim and chrome accents give the Premio an elegant look while the Allion is considered to be a sporty or executive type car. Appearance modification options made for the first generation Allion are not made or marketed for

5300-541: The Corona and based on the Toyota Celica platform, was introduced in 1970. It was available at a different dealership sales channel called Toyota Store . This generation of Corona was available at dealerships called Toyopet Store . The Corona pick-up was no longer manufactured due to the introduction of the Hilux in 1969. Along with the August 1972 facelift, the Corona received the 2.0-litre engine which appeared in

5400-486: The Corona one year after the debut of the Corona's traditional competitor, the Nissan Bluebird . In November 1966, Toyota introduced the Corolla , a smaller vehicle to address the market that needed a more fuel efficient vehicle, allowing the Corona to increase in size. 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) time was 15.1 seconds. Originally, commercial models (three-door van, coupé utility, and double-cab coupé utility) utilized

5500-597: The Corona was also known as the Tiara (in keeping with the crown naming convention) when exported by Toyota Motor Corporation . It was introduced at a critical time for the company in North America. Their first flagship car, the Toyopet Crown , was unsuccessful in the US market, and the Corona was added to offer a choice along with the Land Cruiser . At the time, there was little market for an off-road vehicle like

5600-520: The Corona was replaced for the 1983 model year by the similarly sized but front-wheel-drive Camry sedan and five-door hatchback. Since then, the Camry has grown a size larger than the Corona and its sportier Carina sister car. The Corona was originally fitted with the 2.2-litre 20R engine, but along with a facelift for 1981 this was switched to the 2367 cc 22R with 96 hp (72 kW; 97 PS) at 4800 rpm. The facelift version received

5700-405: The Corona's length of 162.4 in (4,125 mm) for the sedan, and the coupe, with a width of 1,610 mm (63.4 in) in comparison to 61 in (1,549 mm) for the sedan and coupe. The height of the Mark II is lower at 1,405 mm (55.3 in) over 1,420 mm (55.9 in) for the sedan, but higher at 1,374 mm (54.1 in) for the coupé. After 1972, this was spun off as

5800-598: The Japanese Governments passage of emission control regulations, Toyota introduced the Toyota TTC -V (Vortex) on the 80 PS (59 kW) 19R engine only, using an Exhaust gas recirculation implementation. In Japan, the 12R-U engine was designed to run on LPG for taxi usage, starting in October 1975. To meet new emissions regulations the 1.6-litre 12R engine was replaced by the more modern 2T-J in commercial models. The 18R-E engine with fuel injection that

5900-661: The Land Cruiser. The front mask of the T20 Corona is reminiscent of the 1955–1957 Ford Thunderbird , and shares its appearance with the entry-level offering, called the Toyota Publica . The Tiara was introduced to sell alongside the Crown , as a smaller companion. Introduced in March 1960, the car was powered by a 45 PS (33 kW) 1.0 L "P" series motor. With a three-speed manual transmission, top speed

6000-476: The Premio. The second generation cars share the interior appearances and optional equipment, with exterior visual differences. Three options packages are offered with the three different engines offered, coupled with the choice of front- or All-Trac four-wheel drive , thereby giving Japanese buyers options as to which annual road tax obligation they are willing to pay. The first generation Premio and Allion were launched on 25 December 2001. The Premio sedan has

6100-407: The Toyota tradition by being made in taxi usage, driving school and law enforcement versions. On 20 December 2004, the Premio received a modest restyle with the introduction of LED tail lights. The Allion also received an update at the same time. Both cars were offered with three engine sizes; 1.5-, 1.8- and 2.0-liter. The 2.0-liter model received a CVT ; the smaller engines were each fitted with

SECTION 60

#1732782986603

6200-572: The United States but very little in Japan, and this was the last Corona to be offered in this bodystyle. The Corona saw new competitors in both Japan, Europe and the United States from the Honda Accord in 1976, and the Subaru DL in 1974. The advantage the Honda and Subaru had over the Corona was that both vehicles were front-wheel-drive , while the Corona was rear-wheel-drive . In response to

6300-454: The battery via the ignition switch and regulator. A parallel circuit supplies the "charge" warning indicator and is earthed via the regulator (which is why the indicator is on when the ignition is on but the engine is not running). Once the engine is running and the alternator is generating power, a diode feeds the field current from the alternator main output equalizing the voltage across the warning indicator which goes off. The wire supplying

6400-581: The best Toyotas ever made, arguing that Toyota survived long enough to thrive in America because of the Corona. By 1968, the Corona name was used on a larger platform, marketed as the Corona Mark II . The Corona itself was marketed under a numerous nameplates worldwide, including in European markets as Carinas , and a variant of the Corona was offered in various markets as the Carina . The Corona

6500-488: The car reaching a fifteenth position on the 1967 sales charts. September 1968 saw the release of a larger model called the Corona Mark II. It was a slightly larger vehicle than the Corona with a higher level of equipment offered at the time, sharing some of the features of the larger Crown, but taking the top position at Toyopet Store locations. The Corona Mark II is longer, at 4,295 mm (169.1 in) over

6600-400: The compact alternator layout. This is electrically and magnetically similar, but has improved air cooling. Better cooling permits more power from a smaller machine. The casing has distinctive radial vent slots at each end and now encloses the fan. Two fans are used, one at each end, and the airflow is semi-radial, entering axially and leaving radially outwards. The stator windings now consist of

6700-457: The company's first television commercial featuring the Corona. The car was well received, winning the 1969 Road Test Import Car of the Year. The Corona helped boost U.S. sales of Toyota vehicles to more than 20,000 units in 1966 (a threefold increase), making the company the third-best-selling import brand in the United States by 1967. In 2014, editors at Car and Driver called the Corona one of

6800-571: The dynamo. This was encouraged by the increasing electrical power required for cars in this period, with increasing loads from larger headlamps, electric wipers, heated rear windows , and other accessories. The modern type of vehicle alternators were first used in military applications during World War II , to power radio equipment on specialist vehicles. After the war, other vehicles with high electrical demands — such as ambulances and radio taxis — could also be fitted with optional alternators. Alternators were first introduced as standard equipment on

6900-405: The engine flywheel. The first Model Ts used the magneto solely for the trembler coil ignition. Beginning with the 1915 model year, Ford added electric headlights, also powered by the magneto. The magneto circuit was strictly AC, with no battery included. (There was a switch on the ignition coils to use a battery instead, which could be helpful when starting in cold weather, but Ford neither provided

7000-439: The field current is often referred to as the "exciter" wire. The drawback of this arrangement is that if the warning lamp burns out or the "exciter" wire is disconnected, no current reaches the field windings and the alternator will not generate power. Some warning indicator circuits are equipped with a resistor in parallel with the lamp that permit excitation current to flow if the warning lamp burns out. The driver should check that

7100-474: The first year, but the 1.5 was replaced by the 1.6-litre 12R engine in January 1971. The 1.7-litre 6R engine was added to the lineup in September 1970, and became available in the van in September 1971. North America only received the Corona wagon in July 1972 (and only for the 1973 model year), as the two-litre RT89. A performance oriented in-house competitor called the Toyota Carina , close in size to

7200-449: The form of its own camshaft, manifold, and carburettor. In Toyota engine terminology it received 1X badging and was coupled with a four-speed or optional five-speed Borg-Warner 505. A three-speed automatic was also available. Period commenters universally criticized the antiquated Holden powerplant as rough, lacking power, and excessively thirsty. There was also a very well-equipped Corona XX, recognizable by its alloy wheels (shared with

7300-479: The largest car exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store locations, is slightly larger, and based on appearance packages, offers the same luxury or performance features found in the Premio or Allion. The name "Premio" is a play on words for "premium", while "Allion" is created based on the phrase "all-in-one". Mechanically, they are identical to the Avensis which is exported new internationally as well as sold in Japan. The Premio/Allion are only offered as 4-door sedans, while

7400-426: The lights were now powered by the battery. However, the flywheel magneto still powered the ignition, and since models without the starter had no battery, they continued to use magneto-powered lights. Alternators have several advantages over direct-current generators ( dynamos ). Alternators are: A set of rectifiers ( diode bridge ) is required to convert AC to DC . To provide direct current with low ripple ,

7500-619: The market two months later, was designed with parts from the previous-generation Crown and Master following a major restyle and enlargement of the Crown. The design of many of the body panels were cut down from the Master which had ceased production. Aside from the 4-door T10 sedan, the T16V 3-door van version was introduced in October 1958 as Toyopet Coronaline. Originally, the T10/16 Corona

7600-619: The most common. The LPG-powered 12R engine became available in the Japanese domestic market in February 1979 and, along with the LPG-powered 5R engined model, continued to be built until August 1982. The rest of the Corona range was taken out of production for the Japanese market in December 1981. Amongst other minor changes, the 1.8-litre 3T / 13T engine was added in 1981 to replace the 1.6-litre 2T/12T. The North American Corona shared

7700-551: The newer 12T-J engine in December 1979, reflecting newly tightened emissions standards for commercial vehicles in Japan. This model, the TT138V, produces 86 PS (63 kW) at 5600 rpm. Production of the T130 ended in 1982, to be replaced by the T140 series. The T130 was the last Corona to be marketed in the US. It was offered as a sedan, wagon, or liftback with either Base or LE (Luxury Edition) equipment. In North America,

7800-615: The one used in the 2000GT, but the outer rim was wood-grained plastic. It was Toyota's answer to the Isuzu Bellet GT , the Nissan Bluebird SSS and the Prince Skyline 2000GTB . While it used the Corona hardtop coupé body, it was not known as the Corona 1600GT, sharing a naming convention to the larger 2000GT. It inspired future generations of performance-oriented coupes and sports cars offered, to begin with

7900-424: The rotor to produce a multi-pole field from a single coil winding. The poles of the rotor look like fingers of two hands interlocked with each other. The coil is mounted axially inside this and field current is supplied by slip rings and carbon brushes. These alternators have their field and stator windings cooled by axial airflow, produced by an external fan attached to the drive belt pulley. Modern vehicles now use

8000-434: The same 2-litre 21R-C as used in the Celica. Alternator (automotive) An alternator is a type of electric generator used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running. Until the 1960s, automobiles used DC dynamo generators with commutators . As silicon-diode rectifiers became widely available and affordable, the alternator gradually replaced

8100-464: The same facelift as seen elsewhere, with a new rearward sloping front. Toyota's engineers also further modified the Holden engine in an effort to increase drivability and reliability, with new gaskets, valves, valve springs, and water pump. Outputs remained the same but the performance did increase marginally thanks to better engine response. The facelifted Corona XX now benefitted from an imported engine,

8200-547: The smart entry and start system, a rear-view monitor in color, and a hard disk navigation system compatible with the G-Book mX telematics service. Four-wheel drive was offered on vehicles equipped with the 1.8-liter 2ZR-FE engine. A 2.0-liter valvematic 3ZR-FAE engine was made available in January 2008, cutting the emission by 75 percent from the level required by the 2005 Japanese emission standards , and also achieving 20 percent better fuel economy than required by

8300-444: The standard (on some models) Electro Sensor Panel which monitored fluid and bulb status. As with earlier Coronas, some models had a shifter mounted on the steering column. Sales of the Corona continued to grow as a result of the 1973 oil crisis . The two-door hardtop continued, with trim levels 1600GL, 1800SR and the 2000SR, with the coupé proving popular in the US but more popular yet in Japan. The two-door sedan, meanwhile, sold well in

8400-444: The upgrade in dimensions of the Crown, Toyota needed to continue manufacturing a vehicle with similar size dimensions to the first Crown, primarily to be used for taxi usage. This vehicle was also the first Toyota's car with a monocoque chassis structure, and an independent front suspension using double wishbones. Due to the monocoque chassis, Toyota was able to produce a vehicle under 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). This generation of

8500-686: The voltage supplied by the alternator. Older automobiles with minimal lighting may have had an alternator capable of producing only 30 amperes . Typical passenger car and light truck alternators are rated around 50–70 A, though higher ratings are becoming more common, especially as there is more load on the vehicle's electrical system with air conditioning , electric power steering and other electrical systems. Very large alternators used on buses, heavy equipment or emergency vehicles may produce 300 A. Semi-trucks usually have alternators which output 140 A. Very large alternators may be water-cooled or oil-cooled. Efficiency of automotive alternators

8600-498: The warning indicator is on when the engine is stopped; otherwise, there might not be any indication of a failure of the belt which may also drive the cooling water pump . Some alternators will self-excite when the engine reaches a certain speed. In recent years, alternator regulators are linked to the vehicle's computer system and various factors including air temperature obtained from the intake air temperature sensor, battery temperature sensor and engine load are evaluated in adjusting

8700-469: Was a mere 110 km/h (68 mph). In March 1961, Toyota introduced a more powerful 1.5-litre "R" series motor, the same motor from the Crown, and an even larger 1.9-litre engine was added in 1964. Fortunately for Toyota, the problems with the Crown were not seen on the Tiara as the lighter body (180 kg or 400 lb less than the Crown) made the R series engine more sufficient. The Tiara station wagon

8800-447: Was also available, as were two- or three-speed "Toyoglide" automatic transmissions, with the three-speed available with a floor-mounted shifter. Later on a five-speed manual was also made available in the sportier versions. The Corona was redesigned in August 1971, with the low-mounted wraparound turn signals removed and a new grille. Another, milder yet restyle appeared in August 1972, including new grilles and hubcaps. The Hardtop gained

8900-417: Was available in a wide range of body styles across various markets including a four-door sedan , two-door hardtop coupe , four-door wagon and new five-door liftback , which featured a 40:60 split fold rear seat. The assignment of "T130" to all Corona body styles signified a new approach from having different series number identifiers for the various body styles. This was also the first Corona to be sold as

9000-469: Was badged 1700SE. Australian RT81s used the 1.6-litre OHV engine and four-speed manual. Local content was much higher than the NZ cars with local instruments and heater which meant, surprisingly for the climate, there were no centre air vents. The facelift AMI assembled model with the revised grille was released in November 1972, lasting to March 1974. A modified Corona was shown at the 1970 Tokyo Motor Show as

9100-431: Was capable of traveling at 105 km/h (65 mph), 15 km/h (9 mph) higher than the old S-engined model. The car also underwent another facelift, including a mesh grille and a new rear seat which allowed seating for five rather than the previous four. As regulations regarding taxis at the time required engines no larger than 910 cc (56 cu in), dealers restricted the power for taxi vehicles. Due to

9200-625: Was developed by the FAW Toyota joint venture. The wheelbase is stretched to 2,750 mm (108.3 in) or 50 mm (2.0 in) longer than the standard Corolla, while its body length is stretched to 4,720 mm (185.8 in). Larger dimensions meant the Allion slots between the Corolla and the Avalon which is called the "A+ class sedan" segment in China. Toyota Corona The Toyota Corona ( Japanese: トヨタ・コロナ , Toyota Korona )

9300-401: Was different from a true ignition magneto , which generates high voltage directly.) Since such a magneto system only depended on the engine's motion to generate current, it could even be used when starting a manually cranked engine, provided the crank was pulled sharply, so that the magneto would produce enough current for the coils to make good sparks. The Model T incorporated its magneto into

9400-470: Was fitted with the old sidevalve "S" engine, with 33 PS (24 kW). In April 1958 the Corona underwent a light facelift, with a new bonnet ornament and door handles. The tail light design of this generation is reminiscent of the 1949 Ford sedan. The 997 cc (60.8 cu in) OHV P series engine replaced the old S in October 1959, and offered substantially more power with 45 PS (33 kW) at 5,000 rpm. The P-engined Corona sedan

9500-409: Was introduced September 1964, one month before the 1964 Summer Olympics . It was available in sedan , two-door hardtop , three-door van, five-door station wagon (also as a van), two coupé utility variants and a five-door hatchback . The 40–43 series were reserved for sedans, while commercial vehicles (and wagons) were in the 46 and 47 series. Hardtops received 50–55 series model codes, while 56

9600-532: Was reserved for the five-door hatchback. The 1965 model marked a return of Toyota to the American market after withdrawing there temporarily in 1961. Toyota conducted a public demonstration of the new Corona's performance on the Meishin Expressway , where the new model was tested to 100,000 kilometres (62,137.1 mi), and was able to sustain speeds of 140 km/h (87 mph). Toyota released

9700-408: Was seemingly aimed at women, with many of the original brochures featuring only women in a dinner dress as well as playing golf. Nevertheless, it sold better than the Crown and had a lot fewer mechanical problems. The Tiara ended up being the only sedan sold by Toyota in the US until the reworked second-generation Crown appeared. By that time, the Tiara had been redesigned and given the Corona label from

9800-678: Was the first Toyota assembled in New Zealand, from February 1967 at Steel Brothers' Motor Assemblies in Christchurch. It was also built by Shinjin Motor in South Korea from 1966 until 1972. Shinjin Motor was a predecessor to Daewoo and soon switched to assembling General Motors products. The Corona was also assembled by Australian Motor Industries in Melbourne, with the 12R engine . South African assemblies commenced in 1966, with

9900-909: Was ultimately replaced in Japan by the Toyota Premio ; in Europe by the Toyota Avensis ; and in Asia, Pacific markets, and the Americas by the Toyota Camry . The nameplate corona derives from the Latin word for "crown", the sedan taking its place just below Toyota's similarly named flagship, the Toyota Crown . The first-generation Corona, introduced in May 1957 and became available on

10000-451: Was used in the 2000SL and 2000SR discontinued production due to emission issues. In November 1975, the 1800 saw the removal of the twin carburetors due to emission regulations, which meant the discontinuation of the 1800SR coupé. June 1976 saw the installation of a catalyst system included with the TTC-C system. January 1977 saw a minor appearance change to both the interior and exterior, with

#602397