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33-398: The first-generation ToyoAce was a one-ton truck of a semi-cab over design. It has a four-cylinder sidevalve inline-four " type S " engine of 1.0 L (995 cc) and 30 PS (22 kW). It was originally sold as the "Toyopet Light Truck", a not very inspired name which was changed for "ToyoAce" after a public contest in 1956. The spartan interior featured hammock-style seats, as in

66-817: A Citroën 2CV . The "K" in the model code was shared, as was the chassis, with the Toyopet SK/RK Truck, a line which was later to become the Toyota Stout . The first Toyoace initially sold slowly, due to a price much higher than the three-wheeled trucks with which it was competing. After a large drop in price, however, the ToyoAce went on to change the Japanese market for light trucks in favor of four-wheeled vehicles. There were also panel van, light van, double cab and other body styles developed. These received chassis numbers from SK17 to SK19. In 1958 power of

99-446: A sidevalve engine or valve-in-block engine , is an internal combustion engine with its poppet valves contained within the engine block , instead of in the cylinder head , as in an overhead valve engine . Flatheads were widely used internationally by automobile manufacturers from the late 1890s until the mid-1960s but were replaced by more efficient overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines . They are currently experiencing

132-575: A T-head four-cylinder in-line motorcycle engine in the 1920s. Toyota QuickDelivery The Toyota QuickDelivery is a step van that shares a platform with the Dyna , the ToyoAce , and the HiAce . The QuickDelivery was introduced in 1982, and allows passengers to walk from the drivers seat to the rear of the vehicle standing upright. The powertrain comes as a rear wheel drive or four wheel drive . It

165-422: A complicated valvetrain allows a compact engine that is cheap to manufacture, since the cylinder head may be little more than a simple metal casting. These advantages explain why side valve engines were used for passenger cars for many years, while OHV designs came to be specified only for high-performance applications such as aircraft , luxury cars , sports cars , and some motorcycles . At top dead centre,

198-524: A delivery van that allowed passengers to walk upright within the vehicle was introduced, called the Toyota QuickDelivery which is popular with delivery services and industries where working from inside the vehicle and mobility are an asset. Model codes include RY20, LY20, LY30, JY30 and Y40. A long-wheelbase version was also available. Introduced in August 1985, the fifth-generation ToyoAce

231-456: A displacement of 3.0 liters and a Toyota 3B engine with a displacement of 3.4 liters were available. Due to new emission regulations in 1994, the engines had to be adapted accordingly. At the same time, the interior was also revised and refreshed with new style elements. For the first time in 1999, the name has now been abbreviated as QD. For the QD200, Toyota uses a 4B engine (diesel engine) with

264-512: A revival in low-revving aero-engines such as the D-Motor . The valve gear comprises a camshaft sited low in the cylinder block which operates the poppet valves via tappets and short pushrods (or sometimes with no pushrods at all). The flathead system obviates the need for further valvetrain components such as lengthy pushrods, rocker arms, overhead valves or overhead camshafts . The sidevalves are typically adjacent, sited on one side of

297-453: A sidevalve engine are poor gas flow, poor combustion chamber shape, and low compression ratio, all of which result in a low-revving engine with low power output and low efficiency. Because sidevalve engines do not burn the fuel efficiently, they suffer from high hydrocarbon emissions. Sidevalve engines can only be used for engines operating on the Otto principle . The combustion chamber shape

330-463: A special "just low" version appeared, with small twin rear wheels for a lower cargo surface. Starting with this generation, the ToyoAce was used as the basis of a commercial van to accommodate passengers for commuting, called the Toyota HiAce , which was sold at Toyota Japanese dealerships called Toyopet Store , thereby affording Toyota the ability to sell the ToyoAce as a smaller companion to

363-569: Is capable of a 2-ton payload starting with the second generation produced from 1986 to 1999. Later a revised version appeared badged the Urban Supporter . All QuickDelivery vans were manufactured at the Honsha plant, Araco Corporation (now Toyota Boshoku Corporation). It was requested by Yamato Transport for local, final-mile home deliveries, who demanded a car with a high ceiling that does not require us to bend down even when working in

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396-510: Is true for V-type flathead engines but less of an issue for inline engines which typically have the intake and exhaust ports on the same side of the engine block.) Although a sidevalve engine can safely operate at high speed, its volumetric efficiency swiftly deteriorates, so that high power outputs are not feasible at speed. High volumetric efficiency was less important for early cars because their engines rarely sustained extended high speeds, but designers seeking higher power outputs had to abandon

429-431: Is unsuitable for Diesel engines , which require a high compression ratio for ignition to occur. In a sidevalve engine, intake and exhaust gases follow a circuitous route, with low volumetric efficiency, or "poor breathing", not least because the exhaust gases interfere with the incoming charge. Because the exhaust follows a lengthy path to leave the engine, there is a tendency for the engine to overheat . (Note: this

462-1003: The Ford flathead V8 engine and the Ford Sidevalve engine . Cadillac produced V-16 flathead engines for their Series 90 luxury cars from 1938–1940. Packard produced flathead inline 8-cylinder engines until 1954. Also in the British Morris Eight , and Morris Minor series I. After WWII , flathead designs began to be superseded by OHV (overhead valve) designs. Flatheads were no longer common in cars , but they continued in more rudimentary vehicles such as off-road military Jeeps . In US custom car and hot rod circles, restored examples of early Ford flathead V8s are still seen. The simplicity, lightness, compactness and reliability might seem ideal for an aero-engine , but because of their low efficiency, early flathead engines were deemed unsuitable. Two notable exceptions were

495-631: The Toyota Coaster . Model codes include PY10, RY10/12/14, and JY16. The fourth-generation ToyoAce was built between March 1979 and August 1985. This was the last ToyoAce to be of a separate design from the larger Dyna. While the overall size and cargo area was similar to those of the Y10-series, the wheelbase was 345 mm (13.6 in) shorter to allow for a narrower turning circle. The new ToyoAce also met new more stringent emissions and noise standards introduced for 1979. The 1.6-litre 12R

528-828: The American Aeronca E-107 opposed twin aero engine of 1930 and the Continental A40 flat four of 1931, which became one of the most popular light aircraft engines of the 1930s. Two modern flatheads are the Belgian D-Motor flat-fours and flat-sixes . These are extremely oversquare and compact aero-engines with direct drive to a propeller. Flathead designs have been used on a number of early pre-war motorcycles, in particular US V-twins such as Harley-Davidson and Indian , some British singles, BMW flat twins and Russian copies thereof. The Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company produced

561-515: The Dyna and the ToyoAce from now on is the badging, and that they are sold through separate sales channels. The range expanded again, now also including a wide-bodied rebadging of the Hino Ranger FB. The lighter portion of the range remained on the market until 2001, two years after the heavier versions had been replaced. In May 1999 the heavier diesel versions (1.75-3.5 tons) were replaced by

594-485: The S engine was increased to 33 PS (24 kW). The former Central Motors produced the ToyoAce van from June 1956 to July 1960. The semi-cab over layout was retained for the second-generation Toyopet ToyoAce, initially sold as the SK20. The new SK20 was also sold as a panel van (SK20V) and as a double-cab truck (SK20P). The sidevalve 1 liter engine's power remained 33 PS (24 kW), as for its predecessor. It

627-466: The car. The 100 model series began in the second quarter of 1982. The truck allowed a maximum load of 1.25 tons. The First Generation Quick Delivery was only available with permanent all-wheel drive. The vehicle was powered by a 3-liter Hino engine . The Quick Delivery 200 was released in January 1986. With the new version, a total load of up to two tons could now be transported. A Toyota B engine with

660-551: The combustion chamber, thus increasing torque, especially at low rpm. Better mixing of the fuel/air charge improves combustion and helps to prevent knocking. An advance in flathead technology resulted from experimentation in the 1920s by Sir Harry Ricardo , who improved their efficiency after studying the gas-flow characteristics of sidevalve engines. The difficulty in designing a high-compression-ratio flathead means that most tend to be spark-ignition designs, and flathead diesels are virtually unknown. The sidevalve arrangement

693-416: The cylinder(s), though some flatheads employ the less common "crossflow" "T-head" variant. In a T-head engine, the exhaust gases leave on the opposite side of the cylinder from the intake valve. The sidevalve engine's combustion chamber is not above the piston (as in an OHV (overhead valve) engine) but to the side, above the valves. The spark plug may be sited over the piston (as in an OHV engine) or above

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726-420: The front-engined SKB, the engine in the second-generation ToyoAce was moved, to underneath and behind the seats. This allowed seating for three rather than two. The cabin also tilted for engine access. The split windshield was replaced with a single unit, still flat. This ToyoAce had a long life, remaining on the market until 1971. The third-generation ToyoAce received Y-series chassis codes to avoid confusion. It

759-468: The new seventh-generation ToyoAce. A four-ton model was new to the ToyoAce lineup. In June 2001, the lighter models were also replaced by the seventh-generation model. In June 2011 the eighth-generation ToyoAce appeared, now featuring hybrid drive systems in several models. The ToyoAce got a minor change at the front and received a collision avoidance system and a lane-departure alert system. Flathead engine A flathead engine , also known as

792-434: The piston gets very close to the flat portion of the cylinder head above, and the resultant squish turbulence produces excellent fuel/air mixing. A feature of the sidevalve design (particularly beneficial for an aero-engine) is that if a valve should seize in its guide and remain partially open, the piston would not be damaged, and the engine would continue operating safely on its other cylinders. The main disadvantages of

825-559: The sidevalve. A compromise used by the Willys Jeep , Rover , Land Rover , and Rolls-Royce in the 1950s was the "F-head" (or "intake-over-exhaust" valving), which has one sidevalve and one overhead valve per cylinder. The flathead's elongated combustion chamber is prone to preignition (or "knocking") if compression ratio is increased, but improvements such as laser ignition or microwave enhanced ignition might help prevent knocking. Turbulence grooves may increase swirl inside

858-594: The valves; but aircraft designs with two plugs per cylinder may use either or both positions. "Pop-up pistons" may be used with compatible heads to increase compression ratio and improve the combustion chamber's shape to prevent knocking . "Pop-up" pistons are so called because, at top dead centre , they protrude above the top of the cylinder block. The advantages of a sidevalve engine include: simplicity, reliability, low part count, low cost, low weight, compactness, responsive low-speed power, low mechanical engine noise, and insensitivity to low-octane fuel. The absence of

891-550: Was based on the fifth-generation Dyna , which had been launched a year earlier. The ToyoAce models were generally for lighter duty and are offered with smaller engines, down to the 1,626 cc 1Y petrol unit. Models in the 1.5 ton range (called G15) had Y-series chassis codes (Y50/60), while the heavier duty 2–3.5 ton versions have the U-series codes of the Dyna (U80/90, marketed as the ToyoAce G25 and G35). The one-tonner

924-459: Was discontinued, with the HiAce truck taking its position in the market. There was now also the option of an LPG-powered two-litre engine, and the expanded diesel range now went up to a four-litre six. The sixth-generation (introduced in May 1995) was merged fully with the Dyna, still with Y-series chassis numbers for the lighter models and U-series for the heavier versions. The only difference between

957-539: Was especially common in the United States and used for motor vehicle engines, even for engines with high specific power output. Sidevalve designs are still common for many small single-cylinder or twin-cylinder engines, such as lawnmowers , rotavators , two-wheel tractors and other basic farm machinery . Multicylinder flathead engines were used for cars such as the Ford Model T and Ford Model A ,

990-475: Was introduced in August 1971 and had a much more modern design, and was available in several new body styles. There were 3P type and 12R gasoline engines (1.35 or 1.6 litres, 83 PS or 61 kW from the 12R) as well as the 2.5-litre 2J diesel engine with 70 PS (51 kW). The diesel was introduced in July 1972. Payloads now ranged between 850 and 2,000 kg (1,870 and 4,410 lb). In August 1977

1023-515: Was introduced in March 1959, but already by October that year it underwent a facelift and received a new engine, the 1.0-liter 45 PS (33 kW) P type . This was the PK20 series. Australian versions were badged as a Toyota 25. Later yet, 1.25 and 1.5 ton versions were added, with more powerful 1.2 (2P) and 1.5-litre (R) engines. This picture is a PK3# with two single lights, the upgrade added in 1966

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1056-442: Was retained, although power was down somewhat to 80 PS (59 kW). The 2J diesel also remained, but was complemented by the all new L type , a 2.2-liter SOHC unit with 72 PS (53 kW). There was also a bigger 2-litre 5R petrol engine available, but diesels were now beginning to become more important in this sector. The amount of diesel versions increased from seven to 25, as opposed to twenty petrol models. In 1982,

1089-500: Was the PK4# series which was fitted with the R engine. After the initial S-engined series, there were only PK models even though they were being powered both by the P and R series engines. This was to set it apart from the Stout which used the "RK"-series chassis numbers. In a May 1967 facelift, the car received quad headlights and a 3P-engined (1.35 L, "PK32") version was added. Unlike

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