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27-578: Toda is located in the flat lowlands of far southeastern Saitama Prefecture, separated from Tokyo by the Arakawa River . The Sasame River also flows through the city before joining the Arakawa. Toda has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Toda is 14.8 °C. The average annual rainfall

54-542: A mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 26 members. Toda contributes two members to the Saitama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Saitama 15th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Much of the residential and commercial development in Toda is due to its proximity to the city of Tokyo and

81-418: A building that uses water falls under one of two categories; fixture or appliance. As the consumption points above perform their function, most produce waste/sewage components that will require removal by the waste/sewage side of the system. The minimum is an air gap. See cross connection control & backflow prevention for an overview of backflow prevention methods and devices currently in use, both through

108-532: A high dissolved gas content that is heated or depressurized, which reduces how much dissolved gas the water can hold. The harmless cloudiness of the water disappears quickly as the gas is released from the water. Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities , commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes . Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems are what supply drinking water to populations around

135-631: A significant number of transportation/logistics and printing-based enterprises in Toda. Large companies that have their headquarters in Toda-shi include Okazen Transportation (Haulage/Logistics), Khobho (IT services), Chiyoda (Food Manufacturing). Other large companies that have significant operations in Toda are Yamato Transportation, Meiji Dairy, Jomo, Mainichi Newspaper, Chunichi Newspaper, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Sanyo Electric, Japan Restaurant Enterprise, and Hayakawa Publishing. Toda has 12 public elementary schools and six public middle schools operated by

162-596: Is piped water, a term used by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation by WHO and UNICEF to describe the situation for access to drinking water in developing countries . Piped water is not necessarily of drinking water quality but does count as an " improved water source " in the logic of Sustainable Development Goal 6 . Other improved water sources include boreholes, protected dug wells or springs, rainwater, and bottled or water delivered by tanker. Everything in

189-525: Is water supplied through a tap , a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap water usually has the quality of drinking water . Tap water is commonly used for drinking , cooking , washing , and toilet flushing . Indoor tap water is distributed through indoor plumbing , which has been around since antiquity but was available to very few people until the second half of the 19th century when it began to spread in popularity in what are now developed countries . Tap water became common in many regions during

216-584: Is 1482 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.2 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Toda has increased rapidly from the 1960s to the present day. The villages of Niizo, Kamitoda and Shimotoda were created within Kitaadachi District, Saitama with the establishment of

243-643: Is a 173-kilometre (107 mi) long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo . Its average flow in 2002 was 30 m /s. It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture , and empties into Tokyo Bay . It has a total catchment area of 2,940 km (1,140 sq mi). The river is one of Tokyo's major sources of tap water , and together with the Tone River , accounts for around 80% of Tokyo's water supply as of 2018. The Okubo water purification plant takes water from

270-413: Is important that the clean water not be contaminated by the wastewater (disposal) side of the process system. Historically, this contamination of drinking water has been one of the largest killers of humans. Most of the mandates for enforcing drinking water quality standards are not for the distribution system, but for the treatment plant. Even though the water distribution system is supposed to deliver

297-498: Is too small to cause any health problems directly. The chlorine concentration recommended by World Health Organization is between 0.0002 and 0.0005 g/L. Contaminant levels found in tap water vary between households and plumbing systems . While the majority of US households have access to high-quality tap water, demand for bottled water increases. In 2002, the Gallup Public Opinion Poll revealed that

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324-514: The 20th century, and is now lacking mainly among people in poverty , especially in developing countries . Governmental agencies commonly regulate tap water quality . Calling a water supply "tap water" distinguishes it from the other main types of fresh water which may be available; these include water from rainwater -collecting cisterns , water from village pumps or town pumps, water from wells , or water carried from streams, rivers, or lakes (whose potability may vary). A synonym for tap water

351-536: The city government, and two public high schools operated by the Saitama Prefectural Board of Education. An arrangement of the Toda City song has been used as the departure melody for trains departing from the up platform (platform 1) of the three Saikyo Line stations in Toda since 1 August 2007. [REDACTED] JR East – Saikyo Line There are various bus services in the city. Most of

378-518: The eastern United States. This means that officials and volunteers from both river areas collaborate with each other. This river is also depicted in many anime such as Toaru Kagaku no Railgun and Arakawa Under the Bridge , which is set on the riverbank. The Arakawa plays a small but significant background role in the game Yakuza 4 . Main character Masayoshi Tanimura spends the game trying to discover who murdered his father, Taigi, whose body

405-479: The efficient commuter rail links available. This has enabled Toda to act as a bedroom community of Tokyo and is thus an apt location of residence for those who wish to work in the Tokyo Metropolis. There has been a continuous increase in population since the construction of the three Saikyo Line stations in the 1980s and this has had a positive effect on the economy and development of the city. There are

432-512: The following plastic and metal materials: Other materials, if the pipes made from them have been let into circulation and the widespread use in the construction of the water supply systems. For many centuries, water pipes were made of lead, because of its ease of processing and durability. The use of lead pipes was a cause of health problems due to ignorance of the dangers of lead on the human body, which causes miscarriages and high death rates of newborns. Lead pipes, which were installed mostly in

459-455: The globe. Aspects of service quality include continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure. The institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged differently in different countries and regions (urban versus rural). It usually includes issues surrounding policy and regulation, service provision and standardization . Bottled water may have reduced amounts of copper, lead, and other metal contaminants since it does not run through

486-701: The late 1800s in the US, are still common today, much of which are located in the Northeast and the Midwest. Their impact is relatively small due to the fouling of pipes and stone cessation of the evolution of lead in the water; however, lead pipes are still detrimental. Most of the lead pipes that exist today are being removed and replaced with the more common material, copper or some type of plastic. Modern plumbing delivers clean, safe, and potable water to each service point in water distribution system , including taps. It

513-508: The modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The villages merged on June 1, 1941, to form the town of Toda. The town annexed the village of Misasa on July 20, 1957. The rowing competition of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics took place in Toda near to where the present day Toda-Koen Station is located. The rowing area which is adjacent to the Arakawa River is still in use today. Toda was elevated to city status on October 1, 1966. Toda has

540-479: The plumbing pipes where tap water is exposed to metal corrosion; however, this varies by the household and plumbing system. In much of the developed world, chlorine often is added as a disinfectant to tap water. If the water contains organic matter, this may produce other byproducts in the water such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids , which has shown to increase the risk of cancer. The level of residual chlorine found at around 0.0002 g per litre, which

567-511: The possible health risk associated with tap water consumption is one of the main reasons that cause American consumers to prefer bottled water over tap water. The trust level towards tap water depends on various criteria, including the existing governmental regulations towards the water quality and their appliance. In 1993, the cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , led to a massive hospitalization of more than 400,000 residents and

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594-531: The river. Attempts to control flooding of the Arakawa River have been made since the area that is now Tokyo became the de facto capital of Japan during the Edo period . Following a major flood in 1910 that damaged a large part of central Tokyo, a 22-kilometre (14 mi) long drainage canal was constructed between 1911 and 1924. In 1996 an agreement was signed to make it a "sister river" of the Potomac River in

621-560: The routes are run by Kokusai Kogyo bus company. In addition there is a distinctive low cost mini-bus service known as Toco. This stands for Toda Community bus. The Toco service serves routes within the city limits unlike the regular Kokusai Kogyo bus routes which usually bring commuters to and from train stations on the Saikyo and Keihin-Tohoku train lines. Arakawa River (Kanto) The Arakawa River or Ara River ( Japanese : 荒川 , Hepburn : Arakawa , "kawa" (川) already means "river")

648-481: The treated water to the consumers' taps without water quality degradation, complicated physical, chemical, and biological factors within the system can cause contamination of tap water. Tap water can sometimes appear cloudy and is often mistaken for mineral impurities in the water. It is usually caused by air bubbles coming out of solution due to change in temperature or pressure. Because cold water holds more air than warm water, small bubbles will appear in water. It has

675-490: The use of mechanical and physical principles. Fixtures are devices that use water without an additional source of power. Potable water supply systems are composed of pipes , fittings , and valves . Water flow through a tap can be reduced by inexpensive small plastic flow reducers. These restrict flow between 15 and 50%, aiding water conservation and reducing the burden on both water supply and treatment facilities. The installation of water pipes can be done using

702-646: Was considered the largest in US history. Severe violations of tap water standards influence the decrease in public trust. The difference in water quality between bottled and tap water is debatable. In 1999, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) released controversial findings from a 4-year study on bottled water. The study claimed that one-third of the tested waters were contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals , bacteria , and arsenic . At least one sample exceeded state guidelines for contamination levels in bottled water. In

729-519: Was dumped in the Arakawa after he was killed. 36°08′10″N 139°22′06″E  /  36.13611°N 139.36833°E  / 36.13611; 139.36833 This Saitama Prefecture location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tap water Tap water (also known as running water , piped water or municipal water )

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