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25-572: The Theatines arrived in Venice in 1527 after the Sack of Rome . The church dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Tolentino was begun in 1590 by Vincenzo Scamozzi . The relationship between Scamozzi and his patrons was stormy, and the church was finally completed only in 1714. It is a large church with a huge freestanding Corinthian portico , the only one in Venice, designed by Andrea Tirali . The Tolentini

50-608: A hand in attempts at revival, calling upon the services of Cardinal José de Calasanz Félix Santiago Vives y Tutó. The papal Motu Proprio Auspicato , of 15 December 1909, decreed the union of the Congregation of the Regular Theatine Clergy with the youthful Spanish Congregation of the Holy Family founded at Barcelona by Josep Manyanet y Vives , but the two groups were separated again in 1916. In 1910,

75-469: Is a parish church of the Vicariate of San Polo-Santa Croce-Dorsoduro. The church contains the tomb of Doge Giovanni I Corner , Francesco Corner , Giovanni II Corner , and Paolo Renier . The baroque organ was constructed by Pietro Nacchini in 1754. Annexed to the church was the monastery, now site of the architecture university of Ca’ Foscari. In 1966 Carlo Scarpa worked on creating an entrance for

100-473: The Congregation of Clerics Regular ( Latin : Ordo Clericorum Regularium ; abbreviated CR ), is a Catholic order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men founded by Archbishop Gian Pietro Carafa on 14 September 1524. The order was founded by Saint Cajetan (Gaetano dei Conti di Thiene), Paolo Consiglieri, Bonifacio da Colle, and Giovanni Pietro Carafa (afterwards Pope Paul IV ). Carafa

125-547: The Gospel , and reformed lax morals . They were exclusive, aristocratic, and formidably austere. They wore the simple black cassock of the local clergy and maintained a modest lifestyle. The prohibition on both owning property and soliciting alms tended to limit applicants from members of the aristocracy, and so they remained relatively few in number. In 1546 they were briefly joined with the Somaschi Fathers , but as

150-629: The Somascans and officially as the Order of Clerics Regular of Somasca ( Latin : Ordo Clericorum Regularium a Somascha ), are a Catholic order of Clerics Regular of Pontifical Right for men. It was founded in Italy in the 16th century by Jerome Emiliani and named after the motherhouse at Somasca . As of 2024 , 517 Somascans served around the world. They provide staff for boys' homes, serve in 95 parishes, and engage in other ministries. In 1532,

175-564: The Republic of Venice in 1535. Jerome Emiliani died on 8 February 1537, (and was canonized in 1767). After the death of Jerome the community was about to disband, but was kept together by Angelo Marco Gambarana, who had been chosen superior. It was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540, and confirmed by Pius IV in 1563. In 1568 the community was constituted a religious order, according to the Rule of St. Augustine , with solemn vows, by Pius V with

200-561: The Somascans' Web site, member are either priests or brothers living in communities, pursuing holiness by prayer and ministry to the poor, living in humility and kindness, loving poverty and work, praying to Jesus and Mary. They perform different ministries in the Church, such as the care of orphans, the disadvantaged and the poor; the treatment of at-risk youth; the rehabilitation of drug addicts; education; pastoral care and spiritual guidance;

225-912: The Theatines were amalgamated with the Congregation of Saint Alphonsus Liguori , which had been founded in Mallorca in 1867. As of 2020, the Theatines had 161 members, of whom 124 are priests. The Theatines are present in Argentina , Brazil , Colombia , Mexico , the Netherlands , Spain, and the United States of America , where they maintain a mission at Durango, Colorado . The Order has numbered among its members: It has also furnished one pope, Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Carafa), 250 bishops , archbishops , and papal legates, and several cardinals . Among noted nineteenth-century Theatines

250-628: The care of orphans by supporting and staffing seminaries (just then mandated by the Council of Trent), by educating youth, and by ministering to people in parishes. Its expansion, however, was abruptly stopped by laws obstructing religious life issued by Napoleon in 1810 and by the Italian government in 1861. It was then persecuted until the beginning of the 20th century, when it resumed its expansion. The Somascans number about 500 religious. Members take vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. According to

275-623: The church. In France, through the efforts of Cardinal Mazarin , they built the Church of St. Anne la Royale opposite the Louvre in 1644. In Spain, under Philip II , the Theatine Cardinal Paolo Burali d'Arezzo , filled various embassies at the command of the viceroy of Naples . In Portugal , John IV , in 1648, gave the Theatines a splendid house and college for the education of noble youth. In England, under Henry VIII , Thomas Goldwell , Bishop of St. Asaph , entered

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300-430: The end of the 18th century show there were missions established in a number of other countries. By 1700 the Theatines numbered 1400. By the end of the eighteenth century, decline had set in, exacerbated by political upheavals. General suppression of religious orders affected the Theatines more significantly because the order historically acquired no possessions and so had no institutional infrastructure. Pope Pius X had

325-442: The great Revolution it had 119 houses in its four provinces: Rome, Lombardy, Venice, and France. According to Vidimus Dominum the spirituality of St. Jerome consists in the desire to bring the Church "to the state of holiness" of the early Christian communities, serving Christ especially in poor, abandoned children and, showing them the tender "fatherhood and motherhood" of God. The Order extended its charitable ministries beyond

350-640: The institute. The high altar is by Baldassare Longhena . In 1627, Johann Liss painted a large altarpiece, the Inspiration of Saint Jerome to the left of chancel. In 1629 Bernardo Strozzi painted St Lawrence Giving Alms for the chancel. The funereal monument of the Patriarch of Venice , Giovan Francesco Morosini (d.1678) in the chancel, was completed by the Genovese sculptor Filippo Parodi . Theatines The Theatines , officially named

375-455: The name of Somascan Regular Clerics. At this time the first Constitutions were issued to define a common lifestyle for all its members, both lay and clergy. In 1547, the Somascans were briefly united with the Theatines , but as the care of orphans was different from the purpose of the latter community, they separated in 1554. In 1569 the first six members made their profession, and Gambarana

400-607: The object of the respective orders differed, they separated in 1555. In 1527 their house in Rome was sacked by the army of Charles V , and the Roman community sought refuge in Venice. They founded many churches, among them the Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome, a gift of Costanza Piccolomini D'Aragona, Duchess of Amalfi . This church is a masterpiece of Carlo Maderno and contains several paintings by Domenichino . The Theatines still operate

425-748: The order of Theatines. In Bavaria, the Theatine Church St. Kajetan was built from 1663 to 1690, founded by Elector Ferdinand Maria . The Theatines were the first to found papal missions in: Golconda (in present-day India), Ava (Burma), Peru, Mingrelia (Georgia), founded by Andrea Borromeo , the East Indies , (the history of which was written by the Theatine Bartolomeo Ferro - "Missioni Teatine nelle Indie Orientali" ), Arabia, and Armenia. In 1626 Theatines went to Persia . Theatine manuscripts dating from 1530 until

450-425: The papal altar of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, in the presence of Mgr. Giovanni Battista Bonziano, Bishop of Caserta , a special papal delegate. Carafa was chosen the first General. The chief object of the order was to recall the clergy to an edifying life and the laity to the practice of virtue . They founded oratories (among them the celebrated Divino Amore ) and hospitals, devoted themselves to preaching

475-629: The pastoral care of minorities; foreign missions; and youth formation. They work in group homes, treatment and rehabilitation centers, retreat houses, schools, youth centers, and parishes. The Somascans operate in: In the Phiippines, the Somascans established the St. Jerome Emiliani School in Dinalupihan in 2017. The Somascans arrived in Nigeria in 2010. There they work with children living on

500-573: The priests Alessandro Besuzio and Agostino Bariso joined the charitable labors of Jerome Emiliani, a converted former soldier from Venice. Emiliani founded the religious order called the "Company of the Servants of the Poor" in 1534, calling together his collaborators and companions for a general assembly. This handful of laymen and priests adopted an organized structure for the movement of religious and social reform started by Jerome in 1529 in Venice . In

525-592: The rule of this congregation, Emiliani stated the principal work of the community was the care of orphans, poor and sick. Jerome placed the motherhouse at Somascha, a secluded hamlet between Milan and Bergamo . Devoted to the guardian angels, Emiliani entrusted the congregation to the protection of the Virgin, the Holy Spirit and the Archangel Raphael. The group was recognized by the papal nuncio to

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550-530: Was Bishop of Chieti ; Chieti (Theate) is a city of the Abruzzi in Central Italy, from which the congregation adopted its specific name, to distinguish it from other congregations ( Barnabites , Somaschi , Caracciolini , etc.) modelled upon it. The Theatines combined the pursuit of evangelical perfection traditional among religious orders with apostolic service generally expected of diocesan clergy. It

575-729: Was Carafa who wrote the constitutions of the order. Cajetan consecrated his order to the Cross , which he adopted as its emblem, and the foundation took place on the feast of the Finding of the Holy Cross, 3 May 1524. It was approved on 24 June of that year, by Pope Clement VII in the Brief Exponi Nobis . On 14 September, the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Cajetan and his companions made solemn profession before

600-453: Was made first superior general . Great favour was shown to the order by Archbishop of Milan Charles Borromeo , who gave it the church of St. Mayeul at Pavia , from which church the order takes its official name "Clerici regulares S. Majoli Papiae congregationis Somaschae". Later the education of youth was put into the programme of the order, and the colleges at Rome and Pavia became renowned. It spread into Austria and Switzerland, and before

625-609: Was the Sicilian Father Gioacchino Ventura dei baroni di Raulica , a philosopher, littérateur , and orator. One of his most celebrated works is his funeral oration on the death of Daniel O'Connell . The astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi (1746-1826), professor of mathematics and astronomy in Palermo, Sicily, discoverer of the first asteroid, Ceres, in 1801, became a Theatine at the age of 19. Somaschi Fathers The Somaschi Fathers , also known as

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