81-414: Thomas Andrew Lehrer ( / ˈ l ɛər ər / ; born April 9, 1928) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, satirist , and mathematician, who later taught mathematics and musical theater. He recorded pithy and humorous songs that became popular in the 1950s and 1960s. His songs often parodied popular musical forms, though they usually had original melodies. An exception is " The Elements ", in which he set
162-479: A Dodge automobile industrial film distributed primarily to automobile dealers and shown at promotional events in 1967, set in a fictional American wild west town and titled The Dodge Rebellion Theatre presents Ballads For '67 . He attempted to adapt Sweeney Todd as a Broadway musical, working with Joe Raposo , to star Jerry Colonna . They started a few songs but, as Lehrer noted, "Nothing ever came of it, and of course twenty years later Stephen Sondheim beat me to
243-699: A New York Times review from 1959: Mr. Lehrer's muse is "not fettered by such inhibiting factors as taste". Lehrer toured Sweden, Norway and Denmark in 1967; his concert in Oslo was recorded for Danish television and subsequently released on DVD some 40 years later. He performed as a prominent international guest at the Studenterforeningen (student association) in Copenhagen, which was televised, and he commented on stage that he might be America's "revenge for Victor Borge ". He performed original songs in
324-674: A doctor of music degree honoris causa to Princess Margaret , and the public orator, Professor J. R. Sutherland, said it was "in the full knowledge that the Princess is a connoisseur of music and a performer of skill and distinction, her taste being catholic, ranging from Mozart to the calypso and from opera to the songs of Miss Beatrice Lillie and Tom Lehrer." This prompted significant interest in Lehrer's works and helped to secure distribution in Britain for his five-year-old debut album. It
405-629: A Chief Petty Officer) had the US Navy Eagle perched on a red rocker over three red chevrons, with the diamond trade badge inset between the stripes. Source: The Navy's use of the specialist grade was reorganized in 1948 to integrate them into the petty officer structure. The assigned letters and job titles changed several times in the rank's history. Some positions were reclassified as Emergency Service Ratings (ESRs) from 1948 to 1957 and Emergency Ratings (ERs) from 1957 to 1965. All personnel holding an Emergency Service rating were members of
486-409: A February 2008 phone call, Gene Weingarten of The Washington Post interviewed Lehrer off the record . When Weingarten asked if there was anything he could print for the record, Lehrer responded "Just tell the people that I am voting for Obama ." In 2012, rapper 2 Chainz sampled Lehrer's song " The Old Dope Peddler ", on his 2012 debut album, Based on a T.R.U. Story . In 2013, Lehrer said he
567-497: A four-year degree, and as of 2006 those with civilian-acquired job skills, will enter as a specialist (pay grade E-4). Typically, newly recruited officer candidates hold the rank of specialist when enlisted and during BCT ( basic combat training ) prior to their official enrollment into OCS ( Officer Candidate School ) where they will be administratively promoted to the pay grade of E-5 but are referred to as "officer candidate" (OC) as opposed to sergeant (SGT). Between 1941 and 1948,
648-471: A lyricist, as good as there's been in the last half of the 20th century." Singer and comedian Dillie Keane has acknowledged Lehrer's influence on her work. Dr. Demento praised Lehrer as "the best musical satirist of the twentieth century." Other artists who cite Lehrer as an influence include "Weird Al" Yankovic , whose work generally addresses more popular and less technical or political subjects, and educator and scientist H. Paul Shuch , who tours under
729-600: A mere 109 shows and wrote 37 songs over 20 years. Nevertheless, he developed a significant following in the United States and abroad. Lehrer's music became a staple of the Doctor Demento Show when it began national syndication in 1977. In 1980, Cameron Mackintosh produced Tomfoolery , a revue of Lehrer's songs that was a hit on the London stage. Lehrer was not initially involved with the show, but he
810-676: A new verse 3 to "The Elements". Many of Lehrer's songs are performed by others in That Was The Week That Was (Radiola LP, 1981). The sheet music of many songs is published in The Tom Lehrer Song Book (Crown Publishers Inc., 1954; Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 54-12068) and Too Many Songs by Tom Lehrer: With Not Enough Drawings by Ronald Searle (Pantheon, 1981, ISBN 0-394-74930-8 ; Methuen, 1999, ISBN 978-0-413-74230-8 ). A second song book, Tom Lehrer's Second Song Book ,
891-510: A reworking of Noël Coward 's "That is the End of the News" (with some new lyrics) and a comic explanation of how Britain might adapt to the coming of decimal currency . The record deal with Reprise Records for That Was The Year That Was also gave Reprise distribution rights for his earlier recordings, because Lehrer wanted to wind up his own record imprint. The Reprise issue of Songs by Tom Lehrer
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#1732781105552972-576: A satirical composer and writer in his years of lecturing at Harvard University and later at other universities. Lehrer attended the Horace Mann School in Riverdale, New York , part of the Bronx . He also attended Camp Androscoggin , both as a camper and a counselor. Lehrer was considered a child prodigy and entered Harvard College , where one of his professors was Irving Kaplansky , at
1053-562: A series of concert tours and recorded a second album in 1959. He released the second album in two versions: the songs were the same, but More of Tom Lehrer was a studio recording and An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer was recorded live in concert. In 2013, Lehrer recalled the studio session for "Poisoning Pigeons in the Park", which referred to the practice of controlling pigeons in Boston with strychnine -treated corn: The copyist arrived at
1134-544: A song about George W. Bush . I couldn't figure out what sort of song I would write. That's the problem: I don't want to satirize George Bush and his puppeteers, I want to vaporize them." Earlier, he had said: "Political satire became obsolete when Henry Kissinger was awarded the Nobel peace prize." In 2000, the boxed CD set The Remains of Tom Lehrer was released by Rhino Entertainment . It included live and studio versions of his first two albums, That Was The Year That Was ,
1215-479: A specialist did not outrank another man of his respective non-specialist rank. Officially, specialists wore the single chevron of a private first class because no special insignia was authorized to indicate their rank. Unofficially, a specialist could be authorized, at his commander's discretion, to wear one to six additional rockers (one rocker for sixth class, and a maximum of six rockers for first class) under their rank chevron to denote specialty level. Such insignia
1296-616: A total of 33 concerts to great acclaim and controversy. While in New Zealand, he penned lyrics critical of the All Blacks' upcoming tour of Apartheid-era South Africa and Prime Minister Walter Nash 's stance on it. Lehrer's tours occurred during a time in which he was, he said, "banned, censored, mentioned in several houses of parliament and threatened with arrest". In particular, "Be Prepared" drew advance resistance in Brisbane from
1377-633: Is a military rank in some countries' armed forces. Two branches of the United States Armed Forces use the rank. It is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the United States Army , above private (PVT), private (PV2), and private first class and is equivalent in pay grade to corporal ; in the United States Space Force , four grades of specialist comprise the four junior enlisted ranks below
1458-458: Is an incomplete list of writers, cartoonists and others known for involvement in satire – humorous social criticism . They are grouped by era and listed by year of birth. Included is a list of modern satires. In alphabetical order (many birth dates not known): In modern culture, much satire is often the work of several individuals collectively, as in magazines and television. Hence the following list. Specialist (rank) Specialist
1539-732: Is granted far more often than corporal (also E-4). Those specialists who are graduates of the Basic Leader Course (BLC) and who have been recommended for promotion become corporals before further promotion. This change in Army culture applied to the Active Army and the National Guard as of 1 July 2021, and to the Army Reserve; the Army Reserve change was scheduled to take place on 1 October 2021. The rank of corporal
1620-469: Is inspired to say something nasty to a friend, or perhaps to strike a loved one, it will all have been worth the while." In 2003, Lehrer commented that his particular brand of political satire is more difficult in the modern world: "The real issues I don't think most people touch. The Clinton jokes are all about Monica Lewinsky and all that stuff and not about the important things, like the fact that he wouldn't ban land mines ... I'm not tempted to write
1701-448: Is out of print, ISBN 978-0517502167 . The American Mathematical Society database lists him as co-author of two papers: Two of Lehrer's songs were reprinted, with his permission, in Mad magazine : ... Public Domain ... This website will be shut down at some date in the not too distant future, so if you want to download anything, don't wait too long... Satirist This
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#17327811055521782-407: Is perfect for the songs", along with further compliments to pianist Leif Asp for unexpected additional flourishes. In 1971, Argentinian singer Nacha Guevara sang Spanish versions of several Lehrer songs for the show/live album Este es el año que es . Composer Randy Newman said of Lehrer, "He's one of the great American songwriters without a doubt, right up there with everybody, the top guys. As
1863-533: Is reserved for personnel who have passed the BLC. Specialists were informally called "specs" (pronunciation IPA: /ˈspɛk/ ) plus the numerical grade of their rank. Thus, a specialist 4 was called "spec 4". As of July 2016 the rank of Specialist is the most common rank in the U.S. Army, being held by 115,033 of the Army's 473,844 soldiers. New recruits enlisting into the United States Army who have earned
1944-535: The Criterion Theatre in London, where he sang "I Got It from Agnes". There were "Tomfoolery" performances in San Francisco about 1982 and in 2018–19. In 1993, he wrote "That's Mathematics" for the closing credits to a Mathematical Sciences Research Institute video celebrating the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem . On June 7 and 8, 1998, Lehrer performed in public for the first time in 25 years at
2025-751: The Hungry i nightclub in San Francisco , and this became the album That Was The Year That Was (1965). In 1966, BBC TV host David Frost returned to the UK with the BBC program The Frost Report ; alongside Julie Felix , Lehrer provided musical satire on the weekly subject. The show was transmitted live, and he pre-recorded all his segments at one performance. Lehrer was not featured in every edition, but his songs featured in an appropriate part of each show. At least two of his songs were not included on any of his LPs:
2106-658: The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory . Lehrer was drafted into the U.S. Army from 1955 to 1957, working at the National Security Agency (NSA). Lehrer has stated that he invented the Jello shot during this time, as a means of circumventing a naval base's ban on alcoholic beverages. Despite holding a master's degree in an era when American conscripts often lacked a high school diploma, Lehrer served as an enlisted soldier , achieving
2187-504: The Lyceum Theatre, London as part of the show Hey, Mr. Producer! celebrating the career of Cameron Mackintosh, who had produced Tomfoolery . The June 8 show was his only performance before Queen Elizabeth II . Lehrer sang "Poisoning Pigeons in the Park" and an updated version of the nuclear proliferation song "Who's Next?". In 2000, Lehrer commented that he doubted his songs had any real effect on those not already critical of
2268-576: The Ministry of Defence's pay structure. In 2018, new specialist ranks were introduced to the Danish Home Guard . These new ranks were created to remove the need for leadership training at the lower ranks, as the selected functions no longer require actual leadership. Specialist ( Chinese : 上等兵 shàngděngbīng , "upper-rank soldier") is a rank in the Republic of China Army next to
2349-689: The Second Vatican Council (" The Vatican Rag "), race relations ("National Brotherhood Week"), air and water pollution ("Pollution"), American militarism ("Send the Marines"), and nuclear proliferation ("Who's Next?" and "MLF Lullaby"). He also wrote a song satirizing rocket scientist Wernher von Braun , who worked for Nazi Germany before working for the United States. Lehrer did not appear on TW3; vocalist Nancy Ames performed his songs (to Lehrer's chagrin), and lines were often cut from his songs. Lehrer later performed nine of these songs at
2430-633: The Upstairs at The Gatehouse theatre in Highgate, London . Performers influenced by Lehrer's style include American political satirist Mark Russell , Canadian comedian and songwriter Randy Vancourt , and the British duo Kit and The Widow. Composer/cabarettist Leonard Lehrman extended three of Lehrer's songs, writing a new verse 4 to "Clementine", a new verse 2 to "Hanukkah in Santa Monica", and
2511-405: The chemical elements to the tune of Gilbert and Sullivan 's " Major-General's Song ". In author and Boston University professor Isaac Asimov 's second autobiographical volume, In Joy Still Felt , Asimov recounted seeing Lehrer perform in a Boston nightclub on October 9, 1954. Lehrer sang a song about Jim getting it from Louise, and Sally from Jim, "...and after a while you gathered the 'it'
Tom Lehrer - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-447: The public domain . In November 2022, he formally relinquished the copyright and performing/recording rights on his songs, making all music and lyrics composed by him free for anyone to use, and established a website from which all of his recordings and printable copies of all of his songs could be downloaded. His statement releasing all his works into the public domain concludes with this note: "This website will be shut down at some date in
2673-459: The Army added the rank of command sergeant major, the specialist ranks at E-8 and E-9 were abolished", because they were notional rather than actual. "In 1978 the specialist rank at E-7 was discontinued and in 1985, the specialist ranks at E-5 and E-6 were discontinued." These specialist ranks were created to reward personnel with higher degrees of experience and technical knowledge. Appointment to either specialist or non-commissioned officer status
2754-553: The Army reversing this stance in late 1943, after which technicians no longer held non-commissioned officer status. Beginning 4 September 1942, technicians wore a block "T" insignia under their chevrons for easier identification. Technicians were considered superior in rank to all NCOs and Enlisted of a lower paygrade, but inferior in rank to an NCO of equal or senior paygrade. For example, a Technician Third Grade outranked Sergeants (Grade 4) and below, but were outranked by Staff Sergeants (Grade 3) and above. Technicians were addressed
2835-471: The German musician-comedian Felix Janosa released an album with the title "Tauben vergiften: Die bösen Lieder von Tom Lehrer" ("Poisoning pigeons: The Evil Songs of Tom Lehrer"), with German versions of some of his best-known songs. In 2024, Francis Beckett wrote a play Tom Lehrer Is Teaching Math and Doesn’t Want to Talk to You , which features Lehrer's music and was performed with Lehrer's tacit approval at
2916-527: The Naval Reserve subject to activation only in time of war or national emergency. Their specialty letters had a prefix of "ES" added and were different than that of those in regular service. A pruning and absorption or discontinuing of specialty ratings commenced between 1957 and 1964 and nearly all of the remaining specialties were discontinued in 1965. The sole remaining specialty was ESK (ES Specialty (K) – "Telecommunications Censorship Technician"). It
2997-484: The United States Navy maintained an enlisted rate of Specialist in the petty officer pay grade structure. This was to absorb directly appointed civilian experts needed in the rapidly expanding Navy. A seaman would typically be known as a specialist followed by a letter indicating what field the specialty was held. For instance, a Specialist (C) served as a "classification interviewer", while a Specialist (T)
3078-536: The Week That Was . The popularity of these songs has far outlasted their topical subjects and references. Lehrer quoted a friend's explanation: "Always predict the worst and you'll be hailed as a prophet." In the early 1970s, Lehrer largely retired from public performance to devote his time to teaching mathematics and musical theater history at the University of California, Santa Cruz . Thomas Andrew Lehrer
3159-458: The adoption of the new abbreviation (and, to a lesser extent, the absence of "-4" in the non-abbreviated rank) by individual soldiers who viewed the computer-produced documents as the final word on the proper term. The rank of specialist (E-4) is the typical rank to which privates first class are promoted after two years of service, although PFCs may be waived into the rank of specialist after 18 months' time in service and 6 months' time in grade. It
3240-544: The age of 15 after graduating from Loomis School . As a mathematics undergraduate student at Harvard College, he began to write comic songs to entertain his friends, including " Fight Fiercely, Harvard " (1945). Those songs were later named collectively The Physical Revue , a joking reference to a leading scientific journal, the Physical Review . Lehrer graduated Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Harvard University , magna cum laude , in 1946. At Harvard, he
3321-571: The area, and in 2003 said he still "hangs out" around the University of California, Santa Cruz. Lehrer was mainly influenced by musical theater . According to Gerald Nachman 's book Seriously Funny , the Broadway musical Let's Face It! made an early and lasting impression on him. Lehrer's style consists of parodying various forms of popular song . For example, his appreciation of list songs led him to write " The Elements ", which lists
Tom Lehrer - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-421: The booklet accompanying his CD boxed set, The Remains of Tom Lehrer (2000), Lehrer replied: “If an idea came to me, I’d write, and if it didn’t I wouldn’t—and, gradually, the second option prevailed over the first. Occasionally people ask ‘If you enjoyed it’—and I did—’why don’t you do it again?’ I reply, ‘I enjoyed high school but I certainly wouldn’t want to do that again.’” Though Lehrer
3483-472: The commissioner of police. He performed several songs in Australia that were still unreleased, including "The Masochism Tango". In the early 1960s, he was employed as the resident songwriter for the U.S. edition of That Was The Week That Was (TW3), a satirical television show. A greater proportion of his output became overtly political, or at least topical, on subjects such as education (" New Math "),
3564-530: The country, as far away as San Francisco, after the San Francisco Chronicle wrote an article on the record. Interest in his recordings spread by word of mouth. People played their records for friends, who then also wanted a copy. Lehrer recalled, "Lacking exposure in the media, my songs spread slowly. Like herpes , rather than ebola ." The album included the macabre "I Hold Your Hand in Mine",
3645-547: The eagle respectively. In 1956 the Army Green uniform was adopted. The specialist insignia was redesigned in 1958 to be larger, broader, and more rounded. The enlisted stripes were changed in 1961 from yellow on a blue backing to Goldenlite Yellow on a green backing. In 1958 the DoD added two pay grades to give enlisted soldiers more opportunities to progress through a full career with additional opportunities for promotion. Thus
3726-580: The establishment: "I don't think this kind of thing has an impact on the unconverted, frankly. It's not even preaching to the converted; it's titillating the converted ... I'm fond of quoting Peter Cook , who talked about the satirical Berlin Kabaretts of the 1930s, which did so much to stop the rise of Hitler and prevent the Second World War." Lehrer has said, jokingly, of his musical career: "If, after hearing my songs, just one human being
3807-411: The faculty of the University of California, Santa Cruz , teaching an introductory course entitled The Nature of Mathematics to liberal arts majors—"math for tenors", according to Lehrer. He also taught a class in musical theater . He occasionally performed songs in his lectures. In 2001, Lehrer taught his last mathematics class, on the topic of infinity , and retired from academia. He has remained in
3888-497: The last minute with the parts and passed them out to the band... And there was no title on it, and there was no lyrics. And so they ran through it, "What a pleasant little waltz".... And the engineer said, " 'Poisoning Pigeons in the Park,' take one," and the piano player said, "What?" and literally fell off the stool. Lehrer had a breakthrough in the United Kingdom on December 4, 1957, when the University of London awarded
3969-513: The local subject-matter rendered the song useless for general distribution. Lehrer subsequently granted Asimov permission to print the lyrics to "The Subway Song" in his book. "I haven't gone to nightclubs often," said Asimov, "but of all the times I have gone, it was on this occasion that I had by far the best time." Lehrer was encouraged by the success of his performances, so he paid $ 15 (equivalent to $ 171 in 2023) for some studio time in 1953 to record Songs by Tom Lehrer . The initial pressing
4050-525: The meaning of several songs, the politics of the time, and Greenblatt's own experiences with Lehrer's music, while playing some of Lehrer's songs. In the March 16, 2006, issue of New York magazine , Donald Fagen of Steely Dan named Tom Lehrer among the writers who had influenced him and his songwriting partner Walter Becker . "We also liked comic songwriting, like Tom Lehrer. He was a piano player and songwriter who wrote these grim, funny songs." In 2010,
4131-412: The mildly risqué "Be Prepared", and " Lobachevsky " regarding plagiarizing mathematicians. It became a cult success by word of mouth, despite being self-published and without promotion. The limited distribution of the album led to a knock off album by Jack "Enjal" (a pseudonym of Jack Nagel) being released in 1958 without Lehrer's approval, where some of the lyrics were mistranscribed. Lehrer embarked on
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#17327811055524212-409: The names of the chemical elements to the tune of the " Major-General's Song " from Gilbert and Sullivan 's Pirates of Penzance . Lehrer's early performances dealt with non-topical subjects and black humor in songs such as " Poisoning Pigeons in the Park ". In the 1960s, he produced songs about timely social and political issues, particularly for the U.S. version of the television show That Was
4293-637: The not too distant future, so if you want to download anything, don't wait too long." In 1967, Swedish actor Lars Ekborg , known outside Sweden for his part in Ingmar Bergman ’s Summer with Monika , made an album called I Tom Lehrers vackra värld ("In the beautiful world of Tom Lehrer"), with 12 of Lehrer's songs interpreted in Swedish. Lehrer wrote in a letter to the producer Per-Anders Boquist that, "Not knowing any Swedish, I am obviously not equipped to judge, but it sounds to me as though Mr. Ekborg
4374-516: The position of implicitly using nuclear weapons work as a cover story for something more sensitive. In 1960, Lehrer returned to full-time math studies at Harvard. From 1962, he taught mathematics in the political science department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1965 he gave up on his mathematics dissertation on modes in statistics, after working on it intermittently for 15 years. In 1972, Lehrer joined
4455-416: The punch." In the 1970s, Lehrer concentrated on teaching mathematics and musical theater, although he also wrote ten songs for the educational children's television show The Electric Company . His last public performance for many years took place in 1972, on a fundraising tour for Democratic US presidential candidate George McGovern . When asked why he had abandoned his musical career in an interview for
4536-452: The rank of Specialist Third Class , which he described as being a " corporal without portfolio ". These experiences became fodder for songs, such as "The Wild West is Where I Want to Be" and "It Makes a Fellow Proud to Be a Soldier". In 2020 Lehrer publicly revealed that he had been assigned to the NSA; since the mere fact of the NSA's existence was classified at the time, Lehrer found himself in
4617-486: The rank of corporal , and has the NATO equivalent code of OR-3. In 1920, the Army rank and pay system received a major overhaul. All enlisted and non-commissioned ranks were reduced from 128 different insignias and several pay grades to only seven rank insignias and seven pay grades, which were numbered in seniority from seventh grade (lowest) to first grade (highest). The second grade had two rank titles: first sergeant, which
4698-523: The rank of sergeant . In the Royal Danish Navy and Royal Danish Air Force , the rank of specialist is branch-specific; "Naval specialist" and "Air force specialist" ( Danish : Marinespecialist, Flyverspecialist ) respectively. The ranks are placed below corporal and above private first class ( Overkonstabel ). They are rated OR-3 within NATO and the rank has the grade of M112 within
4779-421: The recognition was changed to six specialist ranks, and the pay grade was tied into the rank designation: specialist four (E-4), specialist five (E-5), specialist six (E-6), specialist seven (E-7), specialist eight (E-8), and specialist nine (E-9). The "Super Grades" of Spec./8 and Spec./9 were respectively given one and two Goldenlite chevrons below the eagle. CSM Daniel K. Elder goes on to explain, "In 1968 when
4860-490: The same as the corresponding non-commissioned officer at the same pay grade: a technician fifth grade was addressed as corporal, a technician fourth grade as sergeant, and a technician third grade as staff sergeant. The technician ranks were discontinued in 1948. On 1 July 1955, four grades of specialist were established: Specialist third class (E-4 or SP3), specialist second class (E-5 or SP2), specialist first class (E-6 or SP1), and master specialist (E-7 or MSP). The insignia
4941-410: The songs that he wrote for The Electric Company , some previously unreleased material, and a small hardbound lyrics book with an introduction by Dr. Demento . In 2010, Shout! Factory launched a reissue campaign, making Lehrer's out-of-print albums available digitally. The CD/DVD combo The Tom Lehrer Collection was also issued, including his best-known songs, with a DVD featuring an Oslo concert. In
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#17327811055525022-683: The stage name Dr. SETI, and calls himself "a cross between Carl Sagan and Tom Lehrer: He sings like Sagan and lectures like Lehrer." Yankovic saw Daniel Radcliffe (who called Lehrer his "hero") perform "The Elements" on The Graham Norton Show in his native United Kingdom, which led to Radcliffe starring in Weird: The Al Yankovic Story . From January 16 to February 25, 2006, the play Letters from Lehrer , written and performed by Canadian Richard Greenblatt , ran at CanStage in Toronto. It followed Lehrer's musical career,
5103-462: Was venereal disease . Suddenly, as the combinations grew more grotesque, you realized he was satirizing every known perversion without using a single naughty phrase. It was clearly unsingable outside a nightclub." (The song was likely " I Got It From Agnes ".) Asimov also recalled a song that dealt with the Boston subway system, making use of the stations leading into town from Harvard, observing that
5184-535: Was "a hero of the anti-nuclear, civil rights left" and covered its political concerns in many of his songs and, even though he shared the New Left 's opposition to the Vietnam War , and advocated for civil rights, he disliked the aesthetics of the counterculture of the 1960s and stopped performing as the movement gained momentum. Lehrer's musical career was relatively brief. He once mentioned that he performed
5265-427: Was "very proud" to have his song sampled "literally sixty years after I recorded it". Lehrer went on to describe his official response to the request to use his song: "As sole copyright owner of 'The Old Dope Peddler', I grant you motherfuckers permission to do this. Please give my regards to Mr. Chainz, or may I call him 2?" In October 2020, Lehrer transferred the music and lyrics for all songs he had ever written into
5346-476: Was 400 copies. Radio stations would not air his songs because of his controversial subjects, so he sold the album on campus at Harvard for $ 3, equivalent to $ 34 in 2023, while "several stores near the Harvard campus sold it for $ 3.50, taking only a minimal markup as a kind of community service. Newsstands on campus sold it for the same price." After one summer, he started to receive mail orders from all parts of
5427-801: Was a "navy teacher", among several other specialist designations. The concept was proposed in late 1941 and was approved by the Secretary of the Navy sometime in November or December of that year. The Navy started with four specialties in February 1942, expanding to twenty-two specialties and their associated sub-specialties by the war's end in 1945. The Coast Guard added an additional five exclusive specialties in 1943 (D, CW, PR, PS and TR); four were awarded double letters to avoid duplication. The WAVES added Specialist (U) for "Utility"—a general purpose title that
5508-475: Was a rating (not a rank) for men of the sixth and seventh grades designated "private first class, specialist", or "private, specialist," that was graded in six classes (the lowest being sixth class and the highest being first class). They were considered the equal of a private first class or private in authority, but drew additional pay in relationship to the specialist level possessed on top of their base pay. The classes only indicated competency, not authority, and
5589-400: Was a specialist, while a mess steward held the rank of sergeant (E-5 through E-7). Specialist grades paralleled the corresponding grades of non-commissioned officer (E-4 through E-7) only in terms of pay. The specialist grades, although they outranked the enlisted grades (E-1 to E-3), were outranked by all non-commissioned officers (E-4 to E-9) and lacked the authority conferred on an NCO. This
5670-572: Was a stereo re-recording. This version was not issued on CD, as Lehrer was unhappy with this version. The live recording included bonus tracks "L-Y" and "Silent E", two of the ten songs that he wrote for the PBS children's educational series The Electric Company . Lehrer later commented that worldwide sales of the recordings under Reprise surpassed 1.8 million units in 1996. That same year, That Was The Year That Was went gold. The album liner notes promote his songs with self-deprecating humor, such as quoting
5751-445: Was abolished in 1944 and merged with the similar Specialist (X), for "Specialist (Not Elsewhere Classified)". The trade badge was an embroidered diamond-shaped border inset with the specialty letter and set between the US Navy Eagle and the rank chevrons. Specialists 3rd, 2nd, and 1st Class (Grades 4, 3, and 2; equivalent to Petty Officers 3rd, 2nd and 1st Class) had 1 to 3 downward red chevrons. A Chief Specialist (Grade 1; equivalent to
5832-508: Was born on April 9, 1928, to a secular Jewish family and grew up on Manhattan 's Upper East Side . He is the son of Morris James Lehrer (1897–1986) and Anna Lehrer (née Waller; 1905–1978) and older brother of Barry Waller Lehrer (1930–2007). He began studying classical piano at the age of seven, but was more interested in the popular music of the age. Eventually, his mother also sent him to a popular-music piano teacher. At this early age, he began writing show tunes , which eventually helped him as
5913-436: Was commercially available through catalogs or the base Post Exchange (PX) and could also be ordered with inset trade badges. On 8 January 1942, the rank of technician was introduced to replace the private/specialist rank, which was discontinued by 30 June 1942. Initially, this gave technical specialists more authority by grading them as non-commissioned officers . However, confusion and lowered morale among senior NCOs led to
5994-523: Was determined by military occupational specialty (MOS). Different military occupational specialties had various transition points. For example, in the band career field (excluding special bands at D.C. and West Point), a bandsman could not achieve non-commissioned officer status until pay grade E-6 was attained. In some military occupational specialties, a soldier was appointed either a specialist or non-commissioned officer depending on which particular position or "slot" that he filled in his organization. A cook
6075-532: Was pleased with it; he eventually gave the stage production his full support and updated several of his lyrics for the show. Tomfoolery contained 27 songs and led to more than 200 productions, including an Off-Broadway production at the Village Gate which ran for 120 performances in 1981. Lehrer made a rare TV appearance on BBC 's Parkinson show in conjunction with the Tomfoolery premiere in 1980 at
6156-512: Was renamed "Information Security Specialist" in 1972 and disestablished in 1974. On 1 February 2021, the United States Space Force established the rank of specialist for paygrades E-1 to E-4. Specifically, the rank of specialist 1 replaced airman basic (E-1), the rank of specialist 2 replaced airman (E-2), the rank of specialist 3 replaced airman first class (E-3), and the rank of specialist 4 replaced senior airman (E-4). Specialist 4 ranks below sergeant . Verbal address for all four grades
6237-715: Was the major differentiation between a specialist and a "hard striper". Only the lowest specialist grade remains, with the rank of specialist 4 known simply as "specialist". While the official abbreviation was changed from "SP4" to "SPC" upon the elimination of the SP5 and SP6 ranks, the SIDPERS database was authorized to continue using SP4 until the change could be made at little or no additional expense in conjunction with other system upgrades. The continued use of SP4 on automatically produced documents (transfer orders, leave and earnings statements, unit manning reports, inter alia ) hampered
6318-460: Was the roommate of the Canadian theologian Robert Crouse . He received his MA degree the next year and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa . He later taught mathematics and other classes at MIT , Harvard, Wellesley , and the University of California, Santa Cruz . Lehrer remained in Harvard's doctoral program for several years, taking time out for his musical career and to work as a researcher at
6399-478: Was there that his music achieved real sales popularity, as a result of the proliferation of university newspapers referring to the material, and inadvertently due to the BBC , which in 1958 banned from broadcast 10 of the 12 songs on the album. By the end of the 1950s, Lehrer had sold 370,000 records. In 1960, Lehrer essentially retired from touring in the U.S. The same year, he toured Australia and New Zealand, performing
6480-469: Was three stripes, two rockers, and a lozenge (diamond) in the middle; and technical sergeant, which was three stripes and two rockers. By World War II, the rank of first sergeant had been elevated to first grade and a third rocker was added, with the lozenge in the center to distinguish it from master sergeant. The wearing of specialist badges inset in rank insignia was abolished, and a generic system of chevrons and arcs replaced them. From 1920 to 1942, there
6561-482: Was yellow on a dark blue background, with the General Service Army Eagle set in the center. It was the same smaller 2-inch wide size as women's NCO stripes. To differentiate specialists from NCOs, the stripes were the same shape as NCO stripes—but were inverted to distinguish them. The senior specialist ranks of SP2 (E5), SP1 (E6), and MSP (E7) were indicated by one, two, or three yellow arcs over
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