86-562: Tóin an tSeanbhaile (Traditionally: Tóin a'tSean-bhaile , colloquial English: the Valley/Tonatanvally ) is a small village located on the north east point of Achill Island , Ireland . It lies within the Mayo Gaeltacht . Tóin an tSeanbhaile is one of the flattest places on Achill Island, a shallow plain encircled by low hills which is bordered mostly by the sea, with Ridge Point to the north, and Sruhill Lough to
172-401: A Crannóg near the centre of the modern village. A cillín , a burial ground for the unbaptised, mainly children, is also found on Caraun point, and which gives it its Irish name Rinn na Leanbh . John Goodacre sold the 1,900 acres (7.7 km) of land around Tóin an tSeanbhaile which had been bought by his father, Frederick Lambart, 8th Earl of Cavan in the early 1870s. Lambart built
258-464: A ' rundale ' system was used for farming. This meant that the land around a village was rented from a landlord. This land was then shared by all the villagers to graze their cattle and sheep. Each family would then have two or three small pieces of land scattered about the village, which they used to grow crops. For many years people lived in the village and then in 1845 famine struck in Achill as it did in
344-478: A boat overturned in Clew Bay, drowning thirty-two young people. They had been going to meet the steamer SS Elm which would take them to Britain for potato picking. The Kirkintilloch Fire in 1937 almost fulfilled the second part of the prophecy when the bodies of ten victims were carried by rail to Achill. While it was not literally the last train, the railway closed just two weeks later. These people had died in
430-458: A census of Great Britain included the following justifications: Regular national censuses have taken place every ten years since 1801, most recently in 2021; other partial censuses have been made on some of the intervening fifth anniversaries. The first four censuses (1801–1831) were mainly statistical: that is, mainly headcounts, with virtually no personal information. A small number of older records exist in local record offices as by-products of
516-618: A chain letter that started in New Zealand , 390,000 people entered their religion as " Jedi Knight ", with some areas registering up to 2.6% of people as Jedi. Thus, "Jedi" was the fourth-largest reported religion in the country. (See: Jedi census phenomenon ) . The 2011 national census took place on 27 March 2011. Several identity and status questions were included for the first time in the census, including questions relating to civil partnerships . The first set of data to be released from this census (basic counts of population by age and sex)
602-461: A close relationship with Achill Island, including the landscape painter Paul Henry . Within the emerging Irish Free State, Paul Henry's landscapes from Achill and other areas reinforced a vision of Ireland of communities living in harmony with the land. He lived in Achill for almost a decade with his wife, artist Grace Henry and, while using similar subject-matter, the pair developed very different styles. This relationship of artists with Achill
688-543: A fine of up to £1,000 for those who refuse to complete their census forms. In some censuses, significant numbers of people intentionally did not participate for political reasons. In 1911, the Women's Freedom League , a suffragette organisation campaigning for female suffrage in the United Kingdom, organised a boycott of the census. They encouraged women to go to all-night parties or to stay at friends' houses to avoid
774-467: A fire in a bothy in Kirkintilloch . This term referred to the temporary accommodation provided for those who went to Scotland to pick potatoes, a migratory pattern that had been established in the early nineteenth century. Kildamhnait on the south-east coast of Achill is named after St. Damhnait, or Dymphna , who founded a church there in the 7th century. There is also a holy well just outside
860-563: A good growth of common reed, branched bur-reed and bulrush. Birds commonly sighted on the shore include cormorants , shags , snipe , lapwing , oystercatcher , common tern , Arctic tern , Sandwich tern , common gull , kittiwake , black-headed gull , great black-backed gull , lesser black-backed gull , herring gull . Further inshore, species commonly sighted include whooper swan , wigeon , teal , mallard , coot , lapwing , curlew , little grebe , grey heron , red-breasted merganser and light-bellied brent goose . From time to time
946-522: A half including considerable sectarian unrest. In 1851, Edward Nangle confirmed the purchase of the land which made the Achill Mission the largest landowner on the island. The Achill Mission began to decline slowly after Nangle was moved from Achill and it closed in the 1880s. When Edward Nangle died in 1883 there were opposing views on his legacy. In 1894, the Westport – Newport railway line
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#17328012615541032-524: A hunting lodge on this land. In 1888, his wife (Caroline, the Countess of Cavan) sold the land to Mrs Agnes MacDonnell. Mrs MacDonnell and the estate became national and international news in October 1894, when Mrs MacDonnell was savagely attacked by her employee James Lynchehaun (c. 1864–1937) and left for dead after he set fire to her home at Valley House. His arrests and subsequent escapes were reported in
1118-405: A hyperoceanic blanket bog habitat. Tóin an tSeanbhaile is one of the oldest settlements on Achill island, as evidenced by its name ( Tóin an tSeanbhaile 'the end of the old village'), with a number of prehistoric archaeological sites, including a Cairn to the south of the village near Bun an Churraigh, a Midden , Ringfort and Enclosure on Caraun Point (where the first settlement existed),
1204-627: A local vessel type, the Achill Yawl, have been run since the 19th century. In 2016, the population was 2,594, with 5.2% claiming they spoke Irish on a daily basis outside the education system. The island's population has declined from around 6,000 before the Great Famine of the mid-19th century. The table below reports data on Achill Island's population taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and
1290-552: A marginal flush that is extensive in parts. The flush contains bog mosses Sphagnum recurvum and S. cuspidatum , carnation sedge ( Carex panicea ), marsh pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ), oblong-leaved sundew ( Drosera intermedia ), yellow iris ( Iris pseudacorus ) and many-stalked spike-rush ( Eleocharis multicaulis ). The slopes of the low-rising hills to the west of the site support a mosaic of blanket bog and dry heath. Species noted include ling heather, devil's-bit scabious ( Succisa pratensis ), hard fern ( Blechnum spicant ) and
1376-402: A number of attempts at setting up small industrial units on the island have been made, its economy is largely dependent on tourism . Subventions from Achill people working abroad allowed a number of families to remain living in Achill throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. In the past, fishing was a significant activity but this aspect of the economy has since reduced. At one stage, the island
1462-502: A population of 253, which has declined today to an estimated population of 113. Tóin an tSeanbhaile has a broad diversity of wildlife. Marine mammals ( whales , porpoises ) and basking shark are commonly sighted off Ridge point, and the area is well known for its diversity of mosses and liverworts . Common birdsfoot trefoil, ladys bedstraw, various small sedges and sand sedge are found on the Machair near Loch Dubh, and Loch na mBreac has
1548-415: A ruling family of Achill. Grace O' Malley , or Granuaile, the most famous of the O'Malleys, was born on Clare Island around 1530. Her father was the chieftain of the barony of Murrisk . The O'Malleys were a powerful seafaring family, who traded widely. Grace became a fearless leader and gained fame as a sea captain and pirate. She is reputed to have met Queen Elizabeth I in 1593. She died around 1603 and
1634-900: Is Moytoge Head, which with its rounded appearance drops dramatically down to the ocean. An old British observation post, built during World War I to prevent the Germans from landing arms for the Irish Republican Army , still stands on Moytoge. During the Emergency (WWII) , this post was rebuilt by the Irish Defence Forces as a lookout post for the Coast Watching Service wing of the Defence Forces. It operated from 1939 to 1945. The mountain of Slievemore , (672 m) rises dramatically in
1720-488: Is also present. There are hollows colonised by bog asphodel ( Narthecium ossifragum ) and moss Campylopus atrovirens and the bog moss Sphagnum contortum also occurs. A report on the area by the National Parks and Wildlife service further details The lake in the south-east corner of the site supports pipewort ( Eriocaulon aquaticum ), bogbean ( Menyanthes trifoliata ) and bulbous rush ( Juncus bulbosus ) and
1806-622: Is buried in the O'Malley family tomb on Clare Island. The Achill Mission, also known as 'the Colony' at Dugort , was founded in 1831 by the Anglican ( Church of Ireland ) Rev Edward Nangle . The mission included schools, cottages, an orphanage, an infirmary and a guesthouse. The Colony gave rise to mixed assessments, particularly during the Great Famine when charges of " souperism " were leveled against Nangle. The provision of food across
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#17328012615541892-568: Is buried with six of the Nangle children on the slopes of Slievemore in North Achill. In 1848, at the height of the Great Famine, the Achill Mission published a prospectus seeking to raise funds for the acquisition of significant additional lands from Sir Richard O'Donnell. The document gives an overview, from the Mission's perspective, of its activities in Achill over the previous decade and
1978-511: Is now a hostel and bar. Close to Dugort, at the base of Slievemore mountain lies the Deserted Village. There are approximately 80 ruined houses in the village. The houses were built of unmortared stone. Each house consisted of just one room. In the area surrounding the Deserted Village, including on the mountain slopes, there is evidence of ' lazy beds ' in which crops like potatoes were grown. In Achill, as in other areas of Ireland,
2064-538: Is of international importance in the conservation of mosses and liverworts , with some scarce and rare species, Catoscopium nigritum and Fossombronia incurva , and is in fact the only location in Ireland that the liverwort Leiocolea gillmannii has been recorded at. Much of the southern townland was designated a Natural Heritage Area by Minister for the Environment, Dick Roche, in 2007 due to its importance as
2150-511: Is served by the Bus Éireann 440 once a day in each direction. Achill Island Achill Island ( / ˈ æ k əl / ; Irish : Acaill, Oileán Acla ) is an island off the west coast of Ireland in the historical barony of Burrishoole , County Mayo . It is the largest of the Irish isles and has an area of approximately 148 km (57 sq mi). Achill had a population of 2,345 in
2236-573: The County Galway /Mayo border to Achill Head. The hereditary chieftains of Umhall were the O'Malleys, recorded in the area in 814 AD when they successfully repelled an incursion by Viking attackers in Clew Bay . The Anglo-Norman invasion of Connacht in 1235 AD saw the territory of Umhall taken over by the Butlers and later by the de Burgos. The Butler Lordship of Burrishoole continued into
2322-616: The Gaeltacht (traditional Irish -speaking region) of Ireland, although the vast majority of the island's population speaks English as their daily language. The island is within a civil parish , also called Achill, that includes Achillbeg , Inishbiggle and the Corraun Peninsula . It is believed that at the end of the Neolithic Period (around 4000 BC), Achill had a population of 500–1,000 people. The island
2408-493: The Mayo Association Football League . There is a 9-hole links golf course on the island. Outdoor activities can be done through Achill Outdoor Education Centre. Achill Island's rugged landscape and the surrounding ocean offers multiple locations for outdoor adventure activities, like surfing, kite-surfing and sea kayaking. Fishing and watersports are also common. Sailing regattas featuring
2494-598: The Office for National Statistics (ONS). A number of datasets are also made available. Public access to individual census returns in England and Wales is normally restricted under the terms of the 100-year rule ( Lord Chancellor 's Instrument no.12, issued in 1966 under S.5 (1) of the Public Records Act 1958 ). Some argue that ministers and civil servants in England and Wales made no attempts to strictly enforce
2580-758: The Second World War , there was no census in 1941. However, following the passage into law on 5 September 1939 of the National Registration Act 1939 , a population count was carried out on 29 September 1939. The resulting National Register was later used to develop the National Health Service Central Register. Censuses were taken on 26 April 1931 in Great Britain, but the returns for England and Wales were destroyed in an accidental fire during
2666-552: The census of Ireland. Census in the United Kingdom Coincident full censuses have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the United Kingdom every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during the Second World War ), Ireland in 1921/Northern Ireland in 1931, and Scotland in 2021. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics , the results of
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2752-717: The 100-year census closure policy until 2005, five years after the Freedom of Information Act 2000 was passed, which, they argue, effectively abolished the 100-year rule. However, personal information provided in confidence is likely to be exempted if disclosure could result in successful prosecution for breach of confidence. In exceptional circumstances, the Registrar General for England and Wales does release specific information from 70-, 80-, or 90-year-old closed censuses. National censuses in Scotland have been taken on
2838-544: The 1824 Ordnance Survey , and some maps today give different names for the same place. Achill Irish has been described as having an Ulster Irish superstratum on top of a northern Connacht Irish substratum. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, seasonal migration of farm workers to East Lothian to pick potatoes took place; these groups of 'tattie howkers' were known as Achill workers, although not all were from Achill, and were organised for potato merchants by gaffers or gangers. Groups travelled from farm to farm to harvest
2924-545: The 1960s. A plaque to the boxer Johnny Kilbane is situated on Achillbeg and was erected to celebrate 100 years since his first championship win. Caisleán Ghráinne , also known as Kildownet Castle, is a small tower house built in the early 1400s. It is located in Cloughmore, on the south of Achill Island. It is noted for its associations with Grace O'Malley , along with the larger Rockfleet Castle in Newport. While
3010-443: The 2022 census. The island, which has been connected to the mainland by a bridge since 1887, is served by Michael Davitt Bridge , between the villages of Achill Sound and Polranny . Other centres of population include the villages of Keel , Dooagh , Dooega , Dooniver , and Dugort . There are a number of peat bogs on the island. Roughly half of the island, including the villages of Achill Sound and Bun an Churraigh , are in
3096-495: The 21st century there were two secondary schools in Achill: Mc Hale College and Scoil Damhnait. These two schools amalgamated, in 2011, to form Coláiste Pobail Acla . For primary education, there are eight national schools . These including Bullsmouth NS, Valley NS, Bunnacurry NS, Dookinella NS, Dooagh NS, Saula NS, Achill Sound NS and Tonragee NS. Achill railway station , still on the mainland and not on
3182-595: The 7th century AD, Dál Riata (parts of what is now Scotland and Northern Ireland) conducted a census, called the "Tradition of the Men of Alba " ( Scottish Gaelic : Senchus fer n-Alban ). The first census in England was the Domesday Book , compiled in 1086 under William the Conqueror for tax purposes. Distinct from earlier, less inclusive censuses (e.g. for religious purposes), national decennial censuses of
3268-547: The Achill Mission schools - which also provided 'scriptural' religious instruction - was particularly controversial. For almost forty years, Nangle edited a newspaper called the Achill Missionary Herald and Western Witness , which was printed in Achill. He expanded his mission into Mweelin, Kilgeever, West Achill where a school, church, rectory, cottages and a training school were built. Edward's wife, Eliza, suffered poor health in Achill and died in 1852; she
3354-583: The British authorities to have him extradited to face charges arising from the attack and the burning of the Valley House. Agnes McDonnell suffered terrible injuries from the attack but survived and lived for another 23 years, dying in 1923. Lynchehaun is said to have returned to Achill on two occasions, once in disguise as an American tourist, and eventually died in Girvan, Scotland, in 1937. The Valley House
3440-547: The Gallagher family in 1942. It currently operates as a bar and hostel. In later years, the story of Mrs MacDonnell and Lynchehaun became the subject of fiction, with a book, The Playboy and the Yellow Lady , was published in 1986. The Veiled Woman of Achill published in 2012 A 1998 film, Love and Rage , starring Daniel Craig as Lynchehaun, and Greta Scacchi as Agnes MacDonnell, was made. The 1911 census showed
3526-544: The Second World War. On 24 April 1966, the UK trialled an alternative method of enumeration – long form/short form. Every household was given a short form to complete, while a sample of the population was given a long form to collect more detailed information. The short form was used for the population count and to collect basic information such as usual address, sex, age and relationships to other household members. This
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3612-619: The U.S. at the start of the 20th century. The ruins of this monastery are still to be seen in Bunnacurry today. The historic Valley House is located in Tonatanvally , "The Valley", near Dugort , in the northeast of Achill Island. The present building sits on the site of a hunting lodge built by the Earl of Cavan in the 19th century. Its notoriety arises from an incident in 1894 in which the then owner, an Englishwoman, Mrs Agnes McDonnell,
3698-547: The Valley House in 1895, Lynchehaun would falsely claim his actions were carried out on behalf of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and motivated by politics. He escaped from custody after serving seven years and fled to the United States seeking political asylum (although Michael Davitt refused to shake his hand, calling Lynchehaun a "murderer"), where he successfully defeated legal attempts by
3784-464: The building of new, more spacious (though still small by modern standards) homes outside of the traditional villages. The cliffs of Croaghaun on the western end of the island are the third highest sea cliffs in Europe but are inaccessible by road. Near the westernmost point of Achill, Achill Head, is Keem Bay . Keel Beach is visited by tourists and used as a surfing location. South of Keem beach
3870-526: The burning of her home, Valley House, Tonatanvally, North Achill. The home was rebuilt and MacDonnell died there in 1923, while Lynchehaun escaped to the US after serving 7 years and successfully resisted extradition but spent his last years in Scotland, where he died. Carney's great-grandniece, Patricia Byrne, wrote her own account of Mrs MacDonnell and Lynchehaun, entitled The Veiled Woman of Achill . Carney also wrote accounts of his lengthy fundraising trips across
3956-495: The census and some heads of households refused to report the women at the address. In 1991, many people again avoided the census, which was conducted during the time of the poll tax debate, in case the government used it to enforce the tax. It was estimated that up to one million people were not counted by the 1991 census due to such evasion. Under section 8 of the Census Act 1920 , whoever refuses or neglects to comply with
4042-728: The census in Scotland was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Following agreement to the recommendations in January 2015, the UK Statistics Authority formally closed the Beyond 2011 Programme. It has been replaced by the Census Transformation Programme which has the purpose of taking forward and implementing the vision and recommended approaches. Industry or service with which the worker
4128-581: The census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to regional and local service providers by the UK government. The most recent UK census took place in England, Wales and Northern Ireland on 21 March 2021. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic , the census in Scotland was delayed to 20 March 2022. Tax assessments (known in the later Empire as the indiction ) were made in Britain in Roman times , but detailed records have not survived. In
4214-456: The census, makes a false declaration, makes, signs, or delivers a false document, or causes the same, or refuses to answer, or gives false answers, shall be liable on summary conviction and face a maximum fine of £1,000. Exceptions exist for refusing or neglecting to respond to questions about religion, as stipulated by the Census (Amendment) Act 2000 . Traditionally, outputs are released in
4300-407: The crop and were allocated basic accommodation. On 15 September 1937, ten young migrant potato pickers from Achill died in a fire at Kirkintilloch in Scotland. Achill was connected to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge , a bridge connecting the of Achill Sound and Polranny , in 1887. Carrickkildavnet Castle is a 15th-century tower house associated with the O'Malley Clan, who were once
4386-496: The deadline. There were concerns the data collected would be statistically invalid. Irish censuses from before 1901 have not generally survived to the present day, due to a combination of official incompetence (the 1881 and 1891 returns were pulped before they could be transcribed into books), non-retention (1861 and 1871), and a fire during the Irish Civil War in 1922. The 1901 and 1911 censuses for Ireland (all of which
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#17328012615544472-444: The documentation of archaeological resources related to Achill's rich maritime heritage. Maritime archaeologists recorded a 19th-century fishing station, an ice house, boat house ruins, a number of anchors which had been salvaged from the sea, 19th-century and more recent currach pens, a number of traditional vernacular watercraft including a possibly 100-year-old Achill yawl, and the remains of four historic shipwrecks. A number of
4558-449: The form of tables of counts at various levels of geography. However, microdata , known Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) are UK data-sets consisting of samples of individual records from national censuses. These very large datasets resemble survey data and are used for a range of applications by social scientists and policymakers. The first SAR was released in 1991. In 2001, the SAR system
4644-566: The general population started in 1801, championed by the statistician John Rickman . The censuses were initially conducted partly to ascertain the number of men able to fight in the Napoleonic Wars , and partly over population concerns stemming from the 1798 work An Essay on the Principle of Population by Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus . Rickman's twelve reasons – set out in 1798 and repeated in parliamentary debates – for conducting
4730-633: The graveyard. The present church was built in the 1700s and the graveyard contains memorials to the victims of two of Achill's greatest tragedies, the Kirchintilloch Fire (1937) and the Clew Bay Drowning (1894). In 1852, John MacHale , Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam, purchased land in Bunnacurry , on which a Franciscan Monastery was established, which, for many years, provided an education for local children. The building of
4816-407: The island include: Bunnacurry Church ( Saint Josephs ), The Valley Church (only open for certain events), Pollagh Church, Dooega Church and Achill Sound Church. There is a Church of Ireland church (St. Thomas's church) at Dugort . The House of Prayer , a controversial "religious retreat" on the island, was established in 1993. For almost two centuries, a number of artists have had
4902-460: The island lazy beds prominently in works by Geraldine O'Reilly and Alanna O'Kelly ; also included was an 1873 painting, 'Cottage, Achill Island' by Alexander Williams - one of the first artists to open up the island to a wider audience. Hedge schools existed in most villages of Achill in various periods of history. A university was started by the missions to Achill in Mweelin. At the turn of
4988-558: The island, was opened by the Midland Great Western Railway on 13 May 1895, the terminus of its line from Westport via Newport and Mulranny . The station, and the line, were closed by the Great Southern Railways on 1 October 1937. The Great Western Greenway , created during 2010 and 2011, follows the line's route and has proved to be very successful in attracting visitors to Achill and
5074-432: The late 14th century when Thomas le Botiller was recorded as being in possession of Akkyll and Owyll. In the 17th and 18th centuries, there was migration to Achill from other parts of Ireland, including from Ulster , due to the political and religious turmoil of the time. For a period, there were two different dialects of Irish being spoken on Achill. This led to several townlands being recorded as having two names during
5160-410: The legal framework for conducting all censuses in Great Britain (Scotland, England, and Wales). The primary legislation for Northern Ireland was introduced in 1969 . Before this legislation, it was necessary to have a separate act of parliament for each census. Britain was also responsible for initiating and co-ordinating censuses in many of its overseas colonies . Because of the disruption caused by
5246-416: The lichens Cladonia uncialis and C. portentosa . Although a small village, Tóin an tSeanbhaile has a number of amenities, including a primary school (S.N Thóin a'tSeanbhaile, built 1914), soccer pitch (Fr. O'Brien Park, home ground of Achill Rovers , a Roman Catholic church, a pier and blue flag beaches, a pitch and putt course, as well as a bar and hostel. The village has one postbox, one bus stop and
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#17328012615545332-526: The media, and became part of the popular culture of the era, with references to the attack in J.M. Synge 's The Playboy of the Western World and James Joyce 's Ulysses (1922). The house was subsequently rebuilt by MacDonnell (who died in 1923, forced to wear a veil when in public due to her facial disfigurement) and completed in 1902. The estate was purchased from the MacDonnell family by
5418-600: The monastery was marked by a conflict between the Protestants of the mission colony and the workers building the monastery. The dispute is known in the island folklore as the Battle of the Stones . A monk who lived at the monastery for almost thirty years was Paul Carney. He wrote a biography of James Lynchehaun who was convicted for the 1894 attack on an Englishwoman named Agnes MacDonnell, which left her face disfigured, and
5504-454: The north of the island. On its slops is an abandoned village , the "Deserted Village". West of this ruined village is an old Martello tower , again built by the British to warn of any possible French invasion during the Napoleonic Wars . The area also has an approximately 5000-year-old Neolithic tomb . Achillbeg ( Acaill Beag , Little Achill ) is a small island just off Achill's southern tip. Its inhabitants were resettled on Achill in
5590-552: The notes made by enumerators in the production of those earlier censuses; these might list all persons or just the heads of households. The 1841 Census was the first to intentionally record names of all individuals in a household or institution. The first simultaneous census of the British Empire , covering the United Kingdom, India and the Crown Settlements, took place in 1881. The Census Act 1920 provides
5676-401: The oldest inhabited cottages in the area date from the activities of the Congested Districts Board for Ireland —a body set up around the turn of the 20th century in Ireland to improve the welfare of the inhabitants of small villages and towns. Many of the homes in Achill at the time were very small and tightly packed together in villages. The Congested Districts Board for Ireland (CDB) subsidised
5762-424: The outside north wall, entrance way and inside of the Round House were completely excavated. From 2004 to 2006, the Achill Island Maritime Archaeology Project directed by Chuck Meide was sponsored by the College of William and Mary , the Institute of Maritime History, the Achill Folklife Centre (now the Achill Archaeology Centre), and the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) . This project focused on
5848-439: The public after their 100th anniversaries. Unlike the censuses for England and Wales, there was a statutory bar on early release of the 1911 census details. The census that had been due in 2021 was delayed until March 2022, with the COVID-19 pandemic cited as the reason. This was the first time since 1941 that the census count had been delayed. The return rate of the 2022 census was lower than expected, leading to plans to extend
5934-411: The rare corn crake has nested inland also. The blanket bog to the south has a large biodiversity of flora, including black bog-rush , purple moor-grass , cross-leaved heath , ling heather , white beak-sedge , common cottongrass , deergrass , round-leaved sundew , lousewort , bog mosses ( Sphagnum spp.), lichens ( Cladonia spp.), Racomitrium lanuginosum , liverwort Pleurozia purpurea
6020-433: The remains of a similar deserted village can be found. This village was deserted in 1855 when the tenants were evicted by the local landlord so the land could be used for cattle grazing; the tenants were forced to rent holdings in Currane, Dooega and Slievemore. Others emigrated to America. In 2009, a summer field school excavated Round House 2 on Slievemore Mountain under the direction of archaeologist Stuart Rathbone. Only
6106-440: The rest of Ireland. Most of the families moved to the nearby village of Dooagh, which is beside the sea, while others emigrated. Living beside the sea meant that fish and shellfish could be used for food. The village was completely abandoned and is now known as the 'Deserted Village'. While abandoned, the families that moved to Dooagh (and their descendants) continued to use the village as a 'booley village'. This means that during
6192-437: The same dates as those in England and Wales, but with differing legislation, governorship and archiving arrangements. The 2001 census was the first to be taken under full domestic control, while all preceding censuses since 1861 had been under the control of the Registrar General for Scotland . The 19th-century Scottish censuses were all released after 50–80 years of closure, while the 1901 and 1911 censuses were made available to
6278-500: The same time. No census took place in Northern Ireland in 1931, but one took place there in 1937. In 2001, the census form was completed by 94 per cent of the population in England and Wales, with a further 4 per cent identified by the census enumerators, though the results still represented 100 per cent of the population through the use of cross-matching with a follow-up survey. The Census Act 1920 (as amended) legislates
6364-440: The south. To the southeast lies the village of Dún Ibhir (Dooniver), to the west lies Dúmha Goirt (Dugort) and to the south lies Bun an Churraigh (Bunacurry). The bedrock of the area consists mainly of Schist and Gneiss , with lowland blanket bog to the south, and machair and rocky seashore to the north and west. The area has a number of lakes, Lough Gall ( Loch Geall , 'the bright lake'), Loch na mBreac ('the lake of
6450-479: The summer season, the younger members of the family, teenage boys and girls, would take the livestock to the area and tend flocks or herds on the hillside and stay in the houses of the Deserted Village. They would then return to Dooagh in the autumn. This custom continued until the 1940s. Boolying was also carried out in other areas of Achill, including Annagh on Croaghaun mountain and in Curraun. At Ailt, Kildownet,
6536-476: The surrounding areas. The R319 road is the main road onto the island. Bus Éireann 's route 450 operates several times daily to Westport and Louisburgh from the island. Bus Éireann also provides transport for the area's secondary school children. Achill has a Gaelic football club which competes in the junior championship and division 1E of the Mayo League. There are also Achill Rovers which play in
6622-569: The trout'), Lough Doo ( Loch Dubh , 'the black lake') and Sruhill Lough ('a tidal lake'). These lakes have healthy stocks of brown trout , some sea trout , and Lough Gall is also artificially stocked with rainbow trout . A machair exists near Lough Doo, which has been designated a Special Area of Conservation by the National Parks and Wildlife Service , under the European Habitats Directive. The site itself
6708-433: Was extended to Achill Sound. The railway station is now a hostel. The train provided a great service to Achill, but it also is said to have fulfilled an ancient prophecy. Brian Rua O' Cearbhain had prophesied that 'carts on iron wheels' would carry bodies into Achill on their first and last journey. In 1894, the first train on the Achill railway carried the bodies of victims of the Clew Bay Drowning. This tragedy occurred when
6794-480: Was extended, and it is anticipated that there will be SAR files from the 2011 census. The 1851 census included a question about religion on a separate response sheet, whose completion was not compulsory. However, the 2001 census was the first in which the government asked about religion on the main census form. New legislation was enacted through the Census (Amendment) Act 2000 to allow the question to be asked, and to make its response optional. Perhaps encouraged by
6880-560: Was known for its shark fishing, and basking shark in particular was fished for its valuable shark liver oil . During the 1960s and 1970s, there was growth in tourism. The largest employers on Achill include its two hotels. The island has several bars, cafes and restaurants. The island's Atlantic location means that seafood, including lobster , mussels , salmon , trout and winkles , are common. Lamb and beef are also popular. Most people on Achill are either Roman Catholic or Anglican ( Church of Ireland ). Catholic churches on
6966-586: Was made available in July 2012, with the remainder of the tables following thereafter. The 2021 National census took place on 21 March 2021. On behalf of the Government, the UK Statistics Authority initiated a research programme, called Beyond 2011 , to investigate a range of alternative options to conducting a UK-wide census in 2021. There was not one census covering the whole UK in 2021 as
7052-692: Was mostly forest until the Neolithic people began crop cultivation . Settlement increased during the Iron Age , and the dispersal of small promontory forts around the coast indicate the warlike nature of the times. Megalithic tombs and forts can be seen at Slievemore, along the Atlantic Drive and on Achillbeg . Achill Island lies in the historical barony of Burrishoole , in the territory of ancient Umhall (Umhall Uactarach and Umhall Ioctarach), that originally encompassed an area extending from
7138-755: Was particularly intense in the early decades of the twentieth century when Eva O'Flaherty (1874–1963) became a focal point for artistic networking on the island. A network of over 200 artists linked to Achill is charted in "Achill Painters - An Island History" and includes painters such as the Belgian Marie Howet , the American Robert Henri , the modernist painter Mainie Jellett and contemporary artist Camille Souter . The 2018 Coming Home Art & The Great Hunger exhibition, in partnership with The Great Hunger Museum of Quinnipiac University, USA, featured Achill's Deserted Village and
7224-405: Was savagely beaten and the house set alight by a local man, James Lynchehaun. Lynchehaun had been employed by McDonnell as her land agent, but the two fell out and he was sacked and told to quit his accommodation on her estate. A lengthy legal battle ensued, with Lynchehaun refusing to leave. At the time, in the 1890s, the issue of land ownership in Ireland was politically charged. After the events at
7310-400: Was the first and only time that a five-yearly census was carried out in the UK. The 1971 and 1981 census in Northern Ireland were boycotted by some Irish Republicans , with the 1981 census happening at the same time as the 1981 hunger strike . The British government undertakes the census for policy and planning purposes, and publishes the results in printed reports and on the website of
7396-691: Was then part of the UK) have been available for inspection since 1960 – they were made available earlier than the other British records, since Irish law is different on this matter. No census was taken in 1921 due to the disruption of the Irish War of Independence . The first census taken in the Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland ) was in April 1926; the first Northern Ireland census occurred at
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