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31-610: The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District ) is Bayisingtu ( Chinese : 白音泰赉 ; pinyin : Báiyīntàilài ; lit. 'having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is Jirem . The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian . Human settlement in Tongliao and the surrounding Khorchin area dates from at least 1000 BC. The Donghu people,

62-450: A city or municipality; city proper is just one manner. The term is a combination of "city" in the sense of "an incorporated administrative district", and "proper" in the sense of "strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea" or "strictly accurate". In encyclopedias , the term "city proper" is often used as an example to illustrate the meaning of the word "proper" in the sense of "tightly defined". Especially when translated from

93-529: A four-season, monsoon -influenced, continental steppe climate ( Köppen BSk ), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.0 °C (8.6 °F) in January to 24.2 °C (75.6 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 7.11 °C (44.8 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in

124-601: A technical term in demography , the statistical study of human populations . Under the title "World Urbanization Prospects", the United Nations issues every two years estimates and projections of the urban and rural populations of all countries of the world. The book defines the population of a city proper as "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city." The book continues to say that "city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of

155-531: A tribe who spoke a proto- Mongolian language , settled in today's Tongliao area, north of Yan during the Warring States period . their culture was associated with the Upper Xiajiadian culture , characterized by the practice of agriculture and animal husbandry supplemented by handicrafts and bronze art. Later, the Tongliao area was controlled by Xiongnu , Xianbei , and Khitan tribes. After

186-526: A whole, they are legally distinct, thus giving Wellington a statistical population of 215,000 rather than the de facto 439,200 (measured as its metro area) or 497,200 (including the Kapiti Coast). This makes Wellington technically the third-largest city in New Zealand , rather than the second. London may also be considered as a confusing case. The City of London could arguably be considered

217-693: Is a 1,200-kilometer-long (750 mi) volcanic mountain range in the Inner Mongolia region of Northeast China . It was originally called the Xianbei Mountains, which later became the name of the northern branch of the Donghu , the Xianbei . The range extends 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) from north to south. It is the watershed between the Nen and Songhua river systems to the east, and

248-493: Is a city or a region, and also why similar treatment is not given to Manchester as distinct from Greater Manchester or Birmingham as distinct from the West Midlands metropolitan area. Greater Khingan The Greater Khingan Range or Da Hinggan Range ( simplified Chinese : 大兴安岭 ; traditional Chinese : 大興安嶺 ; pinyin : Dà Xīng'ān Lǐng ; IPA : [tâ ɕíŋ.án.lìŋ] )

279-521: Is no Metropolitan Government. The Municipality of Lagos was disbanded in 1976 and divided into several Local Government Areas . As a result, the most populous city in Africa, and one of the most populous and fastest growing cities in the world can be missing from lists of cities proper. A similar situation exists in Australia, where large cities are divided into much smaller Local Government Areas , with

310-418: Is the de facto population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited at urban density levels without regard to administrative boundaries’. Urban agglomerations are thus determined by density: the agglomeration ends where the density of settlement drops below some critical threshold. A still more comprehensive concept is the metropolitan area." In short, there is no "right" manner to define

341-461: Is there. Every summer, the Naadam festival is held at Tongliao's Zhurihe Ranch. City proper A city proper is the geographical area contained within city limits . The term proper is not exclusive to cities ; it can describe the geographical area within the boundaries of any given locality. The United Nations defines the term as "... the single political jurisdiction which contains

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372-492: Is used, Chongqing is sometimes listed as the world's largest city and, in other cases, does not even appear in the top rung of urban population rankings". On the other side of the extreme is Metropolitan Lagos . This city has a population of nearly 8 million according to the latest census, which is debated. Official data by the Lagos State estimate the population of Metropolitan Lagos at more than 14 million. However, there

403-568: The Amur and its tributaries to the northwest. Its slopes are a relatively rich grazing area. The Khitan people lived on the eastern slopes before establishing the Liao Dynasty in the tenth century. Oroqen , a Tungusic people , live along the Greater and Lesser Khingan range in northeastern China and belong to the oldest autochthonous populations of the region. On the western slopes lived

434-854: The Republican period , the Jirem League and the surrounding Khorchin area was controlled by the Fengtian and Liaoning provinces. In 1918, Tongliao County was first established under the administration of the Jirem League and Fengtian province. After the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded Manchuria in 1931, a Japanese-controlled puppet state Manchukuo was established in Xinjing , 280 kilometers away from today's Tongliao urban area. The Manchukuo government set up Xing'an Province and soon divided it into four parts, in order to govern

465-632: The "Urban Settlement" working paper, in 1986, to cope with growing administrative demands at the local level, China essentially reclassified counties as cities in order to allow local city governments to control the surrounding areas". The authors state that "the Chinese city of Chongqing is another case in point. Even though the municipal district of Chongqing has a total population of more than 30 million inhabitants, fewer than 6 million actually live in Chongqing city proper. Depending on which classification

496-475: The "city proper" of London but has a population of only about 8600 (though the areas immediately surrounding the City of London boundaries have the same urban character as those within, and such urban character continues for some distance beyond the "Square Mile" boundary). Some lists instead state that the population of London is that of Greater London which is about 9 million. It is disputable whether Greater London

527-462: The English or back, "city proper" sometimes takes on different meanings in different parts of the world. Some languages have no equivalent. The United Nations Demographic Yearbook is compiled using questionnaires dispatched annually to more than 230 national statistical offices. These questionnaires ask for the country-specific definition of urban areas, rural areas and city proper. In its glossary,

558-578: The Hulunbuir, Jirem and Ju Ud leagues. After 1969, the Jirem League was put under the administration of Jilin province administration for 10 years until 1979. In 1999, the Jirem League became defunct and changed its name to Tongliao city, which was set up a prefecture-level city. In 1924, Oomoto leader Onisaburo Deguchi , Aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba , and Lu Zhankui were arrested by Chinese authorities in Tongliao. Lu and his men were executed by firing squad, but Deguchi and Ueshiba were released into

589-707: The Mongolian Khanate had established the Yuan Dynasty in Chinese territory, Tongliao was put under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province , whose provincial capital was in today's Liaoning Province . In the early Qing period, Khorchin , Dörbod , Jalaid and Gorlos tribes met in Jirem to establish an alliance, and the Jirem League was founded in 1636 to administer Khorchin territory. The Jirem League had jurisdiction over six Khorchin banners , two Gorlos banners, one Dorbod banner and one Jalaid banner. During

620-683: The Yearbook defines "city proper" as "a locality defined according to legal/political boundaries and an administratively recognized urban status that is usually characterized by some form of local government". In its data however, the United Nations Demographic Yearbook affords the individual countries considerable leeway over the definition of "city proper". The table titled "Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants" provides several country-specific definitions for "city proper" that diverge from

651-497: The city and extend to harbor cities such as Tianjin, Dalian, and Qinhuangdao. The city is served by Tongliao Airport . The Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities ( 内蒙古民族大学 )and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry (merged into the Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities) are among the educational institutions of Tongliao. Additionally Tongliao Mongolian Middle School ( 通辽蒙古族中学 )

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682-571: The city of Altamira, Brazil (population 84,000) is bigger than Greece . The City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder (population 32,000) covers more area than Hungary , Portugal , Austria , or Ireland . While these examples cause limited debate, cities in China are a source of continuing contention. The Chinese city of Hulunbuir in Inner Mongolia was recognized as the largest city in the world by area until 2018 (see image caption above). According to

713-584: The city. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 57% in July to 78% in January, sunshine is abundant year-round, with 3,054 hours of bright sunshine annually. Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2010 census. Tongliao railway station is a railway hub in both Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. Tongliao-Beijing Railway conveniently connects the city with Beijing. Jining–Tongliao railway connects Inner Mongolia. There are also railways connecting Tongliao with Shenyang and Daqing. State Highway 111, State Highway 303, State Highway 304 and State Highway 204 run through

744-725: The customer of the Japanese consul. Tongliao spans latitude 42°15' – 45°41' and longitude 119°15' – 123°43', and borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands. Tongliao has a total area of 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi), accounting for 5.4% of Inner Mongolia's total. Tongliao's topography primarily consists of plains, though

775-451: The difficulties inherent in defining and measuring the size of urban versus rural populations. It says: "The city proper is determined by legal and administrative criteria, and typically comprises only those geographical areas that are part of a legally defined, and often historically-established administrative unit. However, many urban areas have grown far beyond the limits of the city proper, necessitating other measures. An urban agglomeration

806-472: The exception of Queensland . Wellington is also regarded as a confusing case; unlike Auckland , which is governed by a single city council, Wellington is subdivided and governed by at least four. These are Wellington City , Porirua , Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt , with the Kapiti Coast often included. While all of these areas are contiguous and are considered to be integral parts of Wellington as

837-407: The historical city centre." City proper is one of the three basic concepts used to define urban areas and populations. The other two are urban agglomeration , and the metropolitan area . In some countries, city limits that act as the demarcation for the city proper are drawn very wide, in some very narrow. This can be cause for recurring controversy. In its strict sense, city proper is used as

868-556: The northern stretch of the prefecture extends into the eastern foothills of the southern Greater Khingan . The central and eastern parts of the prefecture are marked by the plains of the Xiliao , Xinkai River ( 新开河 ), and Jiaolai rivers ( 教来河 ), collectively forming the Sanhe Plain ( 三河平原 ; 'three rivers' plain'). The highest point in the prefecture is Tunte'er Peak ( 吞特尔峰 ), at 1,444.2 m (4,738 ft). Tongliao has

899-444: The population working or studying in the city lives." In demography , city proper is one of the three basic concepts used to define urban areas and populations. The other two are urban agglomeration , and the metropolitan area . In addition, there are Census Statistical Areas and permutations thereof. A United Nations University working paper titled "Urban Settlement" reviews the most commonly used data sources, and highlights

930-511: The provided definition: These definitions are those given for the purpose of the United Nations Demographic Yearbook. One should not assume that these necessarily are the prevailing definitions in their respective countries. In some countries, city limits that act as the demarcation for the city proper are drawn very wide, or very narrow. This can be a recurring cause for controversy. " List of largest cities by area " lists several little known cities that are larger than many countries. By area,

961-556: The western part of former Heilongjiang , Jilin and Fengtian provinces. These Xing'an provinces roughly overlap today's eastern part of Inner Mongolia , including today's Hulunbuir League, Xingan League, Chifeng and Tongliao. After the dissolution of the Manchukuo state, the Jirem League was governed by Liaoning and Liaobei provinces until Ulanhu established Inner Mongolia in Ulanhot , governing eastern Mongolian areas including

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