Tony Rome is a 1967 American neo-noir mystery crime thriller film directed by Gordon Douglas and starring Frank Sinatra in the title role, alongside Jill St. John , Sue Lyon and Gena Rowlands . It was adapted from Marvin H. Albert 's novel Miami Mayhem .
106-469: The story follows the adventures of Miami private investigator Tony Rome (Sinatra) in his quest to locate a missing diamond pin that belongs to a wealthy heiress. A sequel, Lady in Cement , was made in 1968, again featuring Sinatra as Tony Rome, and co-starring Raquel Welch and Dan Blocker . Appearing in both films was Richard Conte as Miami police lieutenant Dave Santini. Both films are examples of
212-416: A firearm . Equipment can vary greatly, but generally involves a wide variety of surveillance equipment and recording devices. While PIs may investigate criminal matters, they typically do not hold any law enforcement authority by virtue of the position, regardless of licensure. Private investigators’ authority is usually identical to other citizens’ (off-duty or retired law enforcement officers serving as
318-572: A private eye ), a private detective , or inquiry agent is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys in civil and criminal cases. In 1833, Eugène François Vidocq , a French soldier , criminal, and privateer , founded the first known private detective agency, "Le Bureau des Renseignements Universels pour le commerce et l'Industrie" ("The Office of Universal Information For Commerce and Industry") and hired ex-convicts. Much of what private investigators did in
424-582: A DVD box set by 20th Century Fox in 2005. Douglas also directed Sinatra in Young at Heart (1954) and Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964). Randy Newman is co-credited on a soundtrack song. Tony Rome was met with mixed reviews upon release. Many film critics felt that Sinatra was paying homage to his late friend Humphrey Bogart , since he was part of the original " Rat Pack " and had dated (and nearly married) Bogart's widow, Lauren Bacall . Though one recent writer sees Sinatra as having created his own version of
530-625: A Musical for her performances in Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She also acted in the play Goodbye Charlie (1959), the farce Cactus Flower (1965), and Wonderful Town (1977). She made her West End debut in The Applause (1970) followed by Sweet Bird of Youth (1985). Lauren Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924, in the Bronx , New York City,
636-536: A New Yorker? The world doesn't owe you a damn thing. Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat , and proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions. Bacall and Bogart were among about 80 Hollywood personalities to send a telegram protesting the House Un-American Activities Committee 's investigations of Americans suspected of adhering to communism . The telegram said that investigating individuals' political beliefs violated
742-462: A PI may retain their police powers at all times, depending on the jurisdiction). They are expected to keep detailed notes and to be prepared to testify in court regarding any of their observations on behalf of their clients, irregular hours may also be required when performing surveillance work. Great care is required to remain within the scope of the law; otherwise, the private investigator may face criminal charges. However, there are also cases around
848-558: A Private Investigator License in New York, an investigator needs 3 years of verifiable experience, and to pass a NY State Department of State Division of licensing Services exam. In 1893 a federal law was passed explicitly barring the government from employing the Pinkerton Detective Agency or a similar agency. Current Vietnamese law stipulates that investigation is the authority of state agencies. According to
954-621: A Walk Through a Cemetery" with husband Jason Robards , Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About" with Balsam. In 1976, Bacall costarred in The Shootist with John Wayne , with whom she had worked in Blood Alley (1955). Bacall was featured in Robert Altman 's comedy Health (1980), which underwent a troubled process of release after the change of the top management at 20th Century-Fox and saw
1060-441: A detective working in one state to continue work in another for a limited time without getting a separate license, but not all states participate in these agreements. In 1877, Colorado became the first state in the union to institute licensing requirements for private investigators, as stated in the 1877 Legislative Manual. In 1977, when El Paso County challenged a local security company's right to conduct investigations without
1166-522: A diamond pin that she had been wearing the night before has gone missing. Diana and her stepmother Rita hire Rome to find the lost pin. Rome is chloroformed and beaten by a pair of thugs, and Turpin is found murdered in Rome's office. Lt. Dave Santini of the Miami police investigates the crime scene and demands information from Rome, who is an old friend. Rome gets help from a divorcee, Ann Archer. An attempt
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#17327768681031272-631: A landmark melodrama. Appearing with Rock Hudson , Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack , Bacall plays a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall wrote in her autobiography that she did not think much of her role, but reviews were favorable. Variety wrote: "Bacall registers strongly as a sensible girl swept into the madness of the oil family." While supporting Bogart as he suffered from terminal esophageal cancer , Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in Designing Woman (1957) to solid reviews. The comedy
1378-422: A late-1960s neo-noir trend that revived and updated the hard-boiled detective and police dramas of the 1940s. Other films in this genre include The Detective (1968), which also starred Sinatra, as well as Point Blank (1967), Bullitt (1968), Madigan (1968) and Marlowe (1969). Tony Rome is an ex-cop turned private investigator who lives on a powerboat in Miami, Florida, called ‘Straight Pass’. This
1484-692: A liberal is the best thing on Earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind." On August 12, 2014, Bacall died after suffering a stroke at her apartment in The Dakota , the Upper West Side building near Central Park in Manhattan . She was confirmed dead at New York–Presbyterian Hospital , at the age of 89. Bacall was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California . At
1590-877: A license, the Colorado Supreme Court declared the licensing law too vague because it didn't adequately define a "detective business" and struck it down. Following this, several private investigators formed Professional Private Investigators Association of Colorado (PPIAC) in order to try to get the licensing laws reinstated, but the bills died in the General Assembly. On June 10, 2011, Governor John Hickenlooper signed into law Colorado House Bill 1195, which reinstated licenses for private investigators on voluntary basis effective July 1, 2012. A license applicant would have to be of 21 years of age or older, hold United States citizenship and have at least 4,000 hours of work experience as an investigator or part of
1696-498: A licensed private investigator, you must be 18 years of age or older in Ontario (in other Provinces and territories of Canada the eligible age to work may be higher); have a clean criminal record or obtain a waiver; and submit a correctly completed application for a license. You are required to complete 50-hours of basic training with an accredited source such as a university, college, or through private agencies licensed to administer
1802-535: A local, state or federal law enforcement agency; or 2,000 hours with post-secondary education. On June 6, 2014, Hickenlooper signed into law Senate Bill 133, which effective June 1, 2015, made licensure mandatory. This split the licenses into two categories: Class I, requiring the applicant to be 21 years of age or older, hold United States citizenship and pass the Colorado Jurisprudence Exam. Class II requires in addition to Class I requirements
1908-530: A lot of pressure as a sharp-eyed, knows-what-she-wants girl." Bacall appeared in John Huston 's melodramatic suspense film Key Largo (1948) with Bogart, Edward G. Robinson and Lionel Barrymore . In the film, according to film critic Jessica Kiang, "Bacall brings an edge of ambivalence and independence to the role that makes her character much more interesting than was written." Bacall rejected scripts that she did not find interesting, and thereby earned
2014-504: A lower and deeper voice instead of her normally high-pitched, nasal voice. As part of her training, Bacall was required to shout verses of Shakespeare for hours every day. Her voice was characterized as a "smoky, sexual growl" by most critics and a "throaty purr". Bacall stood 5 feet 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (1.74 meters), unusually tall for actresses of the era, and a half inch taller than Humphrey Bogart . During her screen tests for To Have and Have Not (1944), Bacall
2120-554: A marriage in Las Vegas , Nevada , due to similar documentation issues. On July 4, 1961, the couple drove to Ensenada , Mexico , where they wed. The couple divorced in 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism. Bacall had a romantic relationship with her Woman of the Year costar Harry Guardino in the early 1980s. Bacall had two children with Bogart and one with Robards. Son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949)
2226-466: A mental institution where Bacall's character works as a therapist. It was her second collaboration with Charles Boyer , and the film also stars Richard Widmark and Lillian Gish . A New York Times critic wrote: "In the only two really sympathetic roles, Mr. Widmark is excellent and Miss Bacall shrewdly underplays." Many film scholars consider Written on the Wind (1956), directed by Douglas Sirk ,
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#17327768681032332-509: A minimum of 4,000 hours of work experience as an investigator or part of a local, state or federal law enforcement agency. In 2019, following a review, the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies ' Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform suggested licensure requirement elimination, predicting "little to no consumer harm". In June 2020, Governor Jared Polis vetoed House Bill 1207 to keep licensure requirements, causing
2438-801: A novel by Frederick Forsyth . The following year, Bacall played the lead in the independent film A Star for Two (1991) with Anthony Quinn , Lila Kedrova and Jean-Pierre Aumont , and played a supporting role in All I Want for Christmas (1991). In 1993, Bacall was very active in television, pairing again with her lifelong friend Gregory Peck and his daughter Cecilia Peck in Arthur Penn 's television movie The Portrait , and costarring with an all-star European cast in A Foreign Field . She appeared in Robert Altman 's Prêt-à-Porter (1994), an ensemble film set in Paris during fashion week. In 1995, she
2544-618: A photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine, written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Committee. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the Hollywood Ten , and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover ." Bacall campaigned for Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson in
2650-562: A private investigator is around one million VND per day. For cases involving infidelity surveillance or searching for missing children, clients may pay tens of millions of VND per contract. Additionally, some internet service providers have shown signs of participating in this service. In general, Vietnam needs a clear legal framework for the private detective profession. In reality, many private detectives operate illegally, leading to calls for proper regulation of this profession. The PI genre in fiction dates to Edgar Allan Poe , who created
2756-610: A private militia. During the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, industrialists would hire Pinkerton agents as undercover operatives to infiltrate and disrupt union activity or serve as armed guards for factories. In the aftermath of the Homestead Riot of 1892, several states passed so-called "anti-Pinkerton" laws restricting the importation of private security guards during union strikes. The federal Anti-Pinkerton Act of 1893 continues to prohibit an "individual employed by
2862-552: A reputation of being difficult. However, she further solidified her star status in the 1950s by appearing as the leading lady in a string of films that won favorable reviews. Bacall was cast with Gary Cooper in Bright Leaf (1950) and as a two-faced femme fatale in Young Man with a Horn (1950), a jazz musical co-starring Kirk Douglas , Doris Day and Hoagy Carmichael . From 1951 to 1952, Bacall costarred with Bogart in
2968-423: A role. Certain types of undercover investigators, depending on their employer, will investigate allegations of abuse of workman's compensation. Those claiming to be injured are often investigated and recorded with a hidden camera/recorder. This is then presented in court or to the client who paid for the investigation. Many jurisdictions require PIs to be licensed. Depending on local laws, they may or may not carry
3074-567: A romantic getaway on his boat, but she decides to go back to her husband. Deanna Lund plays a lesbian stripper but, embarrassed by the role, she asked for her name to be removed from the credits. She also appears in the film's poster. Sinatra had originally been considered for the lead role as the tough private eye in Harper (1966), but lost out to Paul Newman . Filming took place on location in Miami, Florida , with some scenes being shot during
3180-419: A seven-year contract with a weekly salary of $ 100 and personally began to manage her career. He changed her first name to Lauren, and she chose Bacall, a variant of her mother's maiden name, as her screen surname . Slim Hawks also took Bacall under her wing, dressing Bacall stylishly and guiding her in matters of elegance, manners and taste. At Hawks's suggestion, Bacall was trained by a voice coach to speak with
3286-583: A seven-year hiatus from films to perform on stage in Woman of the Year (1981) with costar Harry Guardino , for which she won her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and other shows such as a 1985 adaptation of Tennessee Williams 's Sweet Bird of Youth under the direction of Harold Pinter . She returned to film in 1988 with supporting roles in Danny Huston 's Mr. North and Michael Winner 's Appointment with Death . She also starred in
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3392-562: A variety of work not often associated with the industry in the mind of the public. For example, many are involved in process serving , the personal delivery of summons, subpoenas , and other legal documents to parties in a legal case. The tracing of absconding debtors can also form a large part of a PI's work load. Many agencies specialize in a particular field of expertise. For example, some PI agencies deal only in tracing. A handful of firms specialize in technical surveillance counter-measures , sometimes called electronic counter measures, which
3498-439: A very limited release in theaters. The following year, she appeared in the thriller The Fan (1981). The film received mixed reviews, especially following the recent murder of John Lennon and the similarities of the plot to the real event, but Bacall's performance gained a favorable reception. Variety magazine wrote that Bacall and director Edward Bianchi "make the audience care what happens" to her character. Bacall took
3604-674: A wealthy family allowed Bacall to attend school at the Highland Manor Boarding School for Girls in Tarrytown, New York , a private boarding school founded by philanthropist Eugene Heitler Lehman, and Julia Richman High School in Manhattan. In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she dated classmate Kirk Douglas . She worked as a theatre usher at
3710-687: Is a news producer, documentary film maker, and author who is named after Bogart's character in To Have and Have Not . Their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart (born August 23, 1952) is named after the actor Leslie Howard . A nurse and yoga instructor, she is married to Erich Schiffmann . In his 1995 memoir, Stephen Bogart wrote, "My mother was a lapsed Jew, and my father was a lapsed Episcopalian", and that he and his sister were raised Episcopalian "because my mother felt that would make life easier for Leslie and me during those post-World War II years". Sam Robards (born December 16, 1961), Bacall's son with Robards,
3816-502: Is a person who conducts investigations of suspected or confirmed criminal activity while impersonating a disinterested third party. Undercover investigators often infiltrate a suspected insurgent group, posing as a person interested in purchasing illegal goods or services with the ultimate aim of obtaining information about their assigned target. Many undercover investigators carry hidden cameras and recorders strapped to their bodies to help them document their investigations. The period of
3922-434: Is a reference to the fact that Tony also has a gambling problem. He is asked by his former partner, Ralph Turpin, to take home a young woman who had been left unconscious in a hotel room. The woman, Diana ( née Kosterman) Pines, is the daughter of rich construction magnate Rudolph Kosterman, who subsequently hires Rome to find out why his daughter is acting so irrationally. After regaining consciousness, Diana discovers that
4028-643: Is an actor. Bacall wrote two autobiographies, Lauren Bacall by Myself (1978) and Now (1994). In 2006, the first volume of Lauren Bacall by Myself was reprinted as By Myself and Then Some with an extra chapter. In a 1996 interview, Bacall, reflecting on her life, told the interviewer Jeremy Isaacs that she had been lucky: I had one great marriage, I have three great children and four grandchildren. I am still alive. I still can function. I still can work ... You just learn to cope with whatever you have to cope with. I spent my childhood in New York, riding on subways and buses. And you know what you learn if you're
4134-404: Is made on Kosterman's life, and a jeweler is found murdered. Rome discovers that Diana has been selling her stepmother's jewels and giving the money to Lorna, her biological mother, but also that the pin (mailed to Rome by Turpin after trying to fence it) was a fake. Tracking down an unknown man with a gimp leg he calls Catleg, Tony determines that Rita was being blackmailed and had previously sold
4240-563: Is often credited with discovering Bacall for Harper's Bazaar , it was in fact Nicolas de Gunzburg who introduced Bacall to Vreeland. He had first met Bacall at a New York club called Tony's, where de Gunzburg suggested that Bacall visit his Harper's Bazaar office the next day. He then turned her over to Vreeland, who arranged for Louise Dahl-Wolfe to shoot Bacall in Kodachrome for the March 1943 cover. The Harper's Bazaar cover caught
4346-436: Is really about. Miss Bacall is on hand virtually the whole time, and she's vibrant whether no-nonsense or tipsy, domineering or moony, dry or wet. If Woman of the Year is tired around the edges, it is always smart enough to keep its live wire center stage." She went on to win her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical . The few films in which Bacall appeared during this period were all-star vehicles such as Sex and
Tony Rome - Misplaced Pages Continue
4452-418: Is the case with Virginia , West Virginia, and California ). In many states, companies offering investigation services must hold an agency license, and all of their investigators or detectives must hold individual licenses or registrations; furthermore, certain states such as Washington have separate classes of licensing for roles such as trainers of private investigators. A few reciprocity agreements allow
4558-721: Is the locating and dealing with unwanted forms of electronic surveillance (for example, a bugged boardroom for industrial espionage purposes). This niche service is typically conducted by those with backgrounds in intelligence/counterintelligence, executive protection, and a small number from law enforcement entities whose duties included the covert installation of eavesdropping devices as a tool in organized crime, terrorism and narco-trafficking investigations. Other PIs, also known as corporate investigators, specialize in corporate matters, including antifraud work, loss prevention, internal investigations of employee misconduct (such as Equal Employment Opportunities violations and sexual harassment),
4664-468: The 1952 presidential election , accompanying him on motorcades along with Bogart, and flying east to help in the final laps of Stevenson's campaign in New York and Chicago. She campaigned for Robert F. Kennedy in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate and was part of a Hollywood committee that endorsed his presidential campaign . In a 2005 interview with Larry King , Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word". She added that "being
4770-740: The Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress. During the final stage of her career, she gained newfound success with a younger audience for major supporting roles in the films Misery (1990), Dogville (2003), Birth (2004), and the English dubs of the animated films Howl's Moving Castle (2004) and Ernest & Celestine (2012). For her work in theatre, Bacall made her Broadway debut in Johnny 2x4 (1942). She went on to win two Tony Awards for Best Actress in
4876-660: The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role , and a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . Bacall received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997, and she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history in 1999 by the American Film Institute . In 1999, Bacall starred on Broadway in a revival of Noël Coward 's Waiting in
4982-620: The St. James Theatre and as a fashion model in department stores. She made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942 at age 17 as a walk-on in Johnny 2 X 4 . By then, she lived with her mother at 75 Bank Street , and in 1942, she was crowned Miss Greenwich Village. As a teenage fashion model, Bacall appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar and in magazines such as Vogue . A 1948 article in Life magazine referred to her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair, and blue-green eyes." Though Diana Vreeland
5088-678: The 1960s. She starred on Broadway in Goodbye, Charlie in 1959, and went on to a successful stage career. She played Stephanie in the farce Cactus Flower (1965). She won her first Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Margo Channing in Applause (1970). The musical was written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green . She performed the role both on Broadway and the West End . Walter Kerr of The New York Times praised her performance declaring, "Take your breath away? Indeed. What's more, she never gives it back." Applause
5194-529: The British thriller Tree of Hands (1989), based on a novel by Ruth Rendell , and in a television adaptation of the 1933 classic Dinner at Eight for Turner Television . In 1990, Bacall took a small but central role as James Caan 's agent in Rob Reiner 's Misery , based on the novel by Stephen King , and an important role in the British television movie A Little Piece of Sunshine , based on
5300-537: The Court of Appeals released him. Vidocq is credited with having introduced record-keeping, criminology , and ballistics to criminal investigation. He made the first plaster casts of shoe impressions. He created indelible ink and unalterable bond paper with his printing company. His form of anthropometrics is still partially used by French police. He is also credited for philanthropic pursuits – he claimed he never informed on anyone who had stolen for real need. In
5406-741: The Investment Law and Decrees 108/2006/NĐ-CP and 52/2008/NĐ-CP, businesses providing security services are not allowed to conduct investigations or private detective activities in any form. However, due to social demand, private detective offices have rapidly developed. Recently, private detective services have grown significantly, primarily in the form of information provision. Common services in Vietnam include information investigation, address finding, surveillance, phone number tracking, information verification, missing person searches, DNA testing, and counterfeit goods investigation. The cost of hiring
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#17327768681035512-942: The Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization" from being employed by "the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia." Pinkerton agents were also hired to track western outlaws Jesse James , the Reno brothers , and the Wild Bunch , including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid . Many private detectives/investigators with special academic and practical experience often work with defense attorneys on capital punishment and other criminal defense cases. Others are insurance investigators who investigate suspicious claims. Before
5618-600: The Single Girl (1964) with Henry Fonda , Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood ; Harper (1966) with Paul Newman , Shelley Winters , Julie Harris , Robert Wagner and Janet Leigh ; and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), with Ingrid Bergman , Albert Finney , Vanessa Redgrave , Martin Balsam and Sean Connery . In 1964, Bacall appeared in two episodes of Craig Stevens 's Mr. Broadway : first in "Take
5724-476: The UK was halted indefinitely. At present, no government-backed authorities in the UK license private investigators. The SIA have announced that PIs in the UK were to become licensed for the first time from May 2015, but this is only the scheduled date for the issue to be discussed in parliament. In December 2014, Corporate Livewire produced an article written by a UK private investigator at BAR Investigations, addressing
5830-620: The United Kingdom, Charles Frederick Field set up an enquiry office upon his retirement from the Metropolitan Police in 1852. Field became a friend of Charles Dickens , and the latter wrote articles about him. In 1862, one of his employees, the Hungarian Ignatius Paul Pollaky , left him and set up a rival agency. Although little-remembered today, Pollaky's fame at the time was such that he
5936-835: The Waste in Hayao Miyazaki 's acclaimed animated film Howl's Moving Castle (2004). She was a leading actress in Paul Schrader 's The Walker (2007). In March 2006, she introduced a film montage dedicated to film noir at the 78th Academy Awards . She made a cameo appearance as herself on The Sopranos in the April 2006 episode " Luxury Lounge ", during which her character was mugged by Christopher Moltisanti ( Michael Imperioli ). In September 2006, Bryn Mawr College awarded Bacall its Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work, and contributions embody
6042-787: The Wings . She portrayed American billionaire heiress Doris Duke in the four part CBS miniseries Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris Duke (1999). In the 2000s, she acted as a spokesman for the Tuesday Morning discount chain and produced a jewelry line. She was also a celebrity spokesman for High Point coffee and Fancy Feast cat food. Her film career saw something of a renaissance taking dramatic roles in independent films. She attracted positive notices for her performances in high-profile psychological dramas such as Lars von Trier 's Dogville (2003) and Jonathan Glazer 's Birth (2004), both with Nicole Kidman . She voiced Witch of
6148-691: The advent of no-fault divorce , many private investigators sought evidence of adultery or other conduct within marriage to establish grounds for a divorce. Despite the lack of legal necessity for such evidence in many jurisdictions, according to press reports, collecting evidence of spouses' and partners' adultery or other "bad behaviour" is still one of their most profitable undertakings, as the stakes being fought over now are child custody, alimony, or marital property disputes. Private investigators can also perform due diligence for an investor considering investing with an investment group, fund manager, or other high-risk business or investment venture. This could help
6254-517: The age of twenty in To Have and Have Not (1944) as the leading lady opposite Humphrey Bogart , whom she later married. She continued in the film noir genre with appearances alongside Bogart in The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and Key Largo (1948), and she starred in the romantic comedies How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and Designing Woman (1957). She portrayed
6360-499: The attention of "Slim" Keith , the wife of Hollywood producer and director Howard Hawks . Keith urged her husband to invite Bacall to take a screen test for his forthcoming film To Have and Have Not . Hawks asked his secretary to find more information about Bacall, but the secretary misunderstood and sent Bacall a ticket to travel to Hollywood for the audition. After meeting Bacall in Hollywood, Hawks immediately signed her to
6466-550: The basic principles of American democracy. In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with a number of other Hollywood stars in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA), which also included Danny Kaye , John Garfield , Gene Kelly , John Huston , Groucho Marx , Olivia de Havilland , Ira Gershwin , and Jane Wyatt . She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in
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#17327768681036572-640: The character C. Auguste Dupin in the 1840s. Dupin, an amateur crime-solver residing in Paris, appeared in three Poe stories. In addition, Sherlock Holmes , created by Arthur Conan Doyle in the late 1880s, is arguably the most prominent private investigator in fiction. Where the characters below do not meet the strict criteria of a private investigator (i.e. available for hire) it is noted in brackets. Lauren Bacall Betty Joan Perske (September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014), professionally known as Lauren Bacall ( / b ə ˈ k ɔː l / bə- KAWL ),
6678-433: The classic ‘The Maltese Falcon’ that you’d guess Mr. Sinatra has been spending a lot of time watching the ‘Late Late Show”....Further, it looks as though the people who wrote and directed this film...have been studying their ‘Late Late Show” too. Their story...is strangely reminiscent of ‘The Maltese Falcon’ in several essentials and details....All in all, there’s enough demonstration of social vulgarity, degeneracy and crime in
6784-594: The country home of Pulitzer Prize –winning author Louis Bromfield , a close friend of Bogart. At the time of the 1950 United States census , the couple was living at 2707 Benedict Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son and their nursemaid. Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart. She was married to Bogart until he died in 1957. During the filming of The African Queen (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends with Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy . She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with
6890-571: The course of this vivid melodrama to satisfy the most lurid tourist taste and it’s put forth with speed, dexterity and a nice running patter of gags....But for all the slickness of it—for all the self-assurance of Mr. Sinatra’s acting style and competence of the others—this thing is still a pat, synthetic job. Mr. Sinatra is nobody’s Bogart.” According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $ 6,875,000 in rentals to break even, but fell short at $ 6,250,000. Private investigator A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI and informally called
6996-523: The course. Upon completion of basic training, individuals are required to write and pass the basic test to obtain a private investigator's license In 2001, the government passed the licensing of private investigators and private investigation firms in the UK over to the Security Industry Authority (SIA), which acted as the regulatory body from then on. However, due to the cutbacks of this agency, licensing of private investigators in
7102-705: The day at the Fontainebleau Miami Beach , where Sinatra was performing in the evenings. Other scenes were filmed at the Corsair Hotel at 101 South Ocean Drive, Miami Beach. It was partially filmed on the property that novelist Douglas Fairbairn was renting at the time. Nancy Sinatra , daughter of Frank, sang the film's eponymous title track which then appeared on her album, Nancy Sinatra, The Hit Years (Rhino Records). Tony Rome , The Detective and Lady in Cement were all directed by Gordon Douglas. The three films were packaged together in
7208-446: The early days was to act as the police in matters for which their clients felt the police were not equipped or willing to do. Official law enforcement tried many times to shut it down. In 1842, police arrested him in suspicion of unlawful imprisonment and taking money on false pretences after he had solved an embezzlement case. Vidocq later suspected that it had been a set-up. He was sentenced to five years and fined 3,000 francs , but
7314-560: The female lead in Written on the Wind (1956), which is considered one of Douglas Sirk 's seminal films. She later acted in Harper (1966), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and The Shootist (1976). Bacall found a career resurgence for her role in the romantic comedy The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), for which she earned the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award , in addition to nominations for
7420-511: The fictional trophy in All About Eve . She returned to Broadway in the musical Woman of the Year (1981) with book by Peter Stone and music and lyrics by Kander and Ebb . The musical is based on the 1944 film of the same name starring Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy . Frank Rich of The New York Times gave the production a mixed review but praised Bacall writing, "The people who concocted this musical know what their show
7526-595: The film Trouble Is My Business . In November, she joined the English-dubbed voice cast for StudioCanal's animated film Ernest & Celestine . Her final role was in 2014 as a guest voice appearance in the Family Guy episode " Mom's the Word ". On May 21, 1945, Bacall married Humphrey Bogart . She was 20 and Bogart was 25 years older. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio ,
7632-454: The film could have caused considerable damage to her career, but her next performance as the mysterious, acid-tongued Vivian Rutledge in Hawks's film noir The Big Sleep (1946), co-starring Bogart, provided a quick career resurgence. The Big Sleep laid the foundation for Bacall's status as an icon of film noir , with which she would be strongly associated for the rest of her career. She
7738-605: The height of its existence, the number of Pinkerton National Detective Agency active agents and reserves rivaled the number of active soldiers and reserves in the United States Army . Allan Pinkerton hired Kate Warne in 1856 as a private detective, making her the first female private detective in America. A larger role for this new private investigative industry was to assist companies in labor disputes. Some early private investigators provided armed guards to act as
7844-428: The historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke . In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic presidential contender Adlai Stevenson . Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a strong opponent of McCarthyism . Bacall had a relationship with Frank Sinatra after Bogart's death. During an interview with Turner Classic Movies 's Robert Osborne , Bacall stated that she had ended
7950-650: The intelligence, drive, and independence" of Hepburn. She delivered an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. at the Reform Club in London in June 2007. She finished her role in The Forger in 2009. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences bestowed an honorary Academy Award upon Bacall at the inaugural Governors Awards on November 14, 2009. In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in
8056-450: The investigation could last for several months, or in some extreme cases, years. Due to the dangerous nature of the job, their real identities are typically kept secret throughout their active careers. Economic investigations, business intelligence and information on competitors, security advice, special security services information, criminal investigation, investigations background, and profile polygraph tests are all typical examples of such
8162-674: The investigation services, the evidence may be deemed inadmissible in the court of law. To become registered in New South Wales requires a Class 2E licence, which can be applied for through the NSW Fair Trading website. The Australian Capital Territory does not require PIs to be licensed, although they are still bound by legislation. PIs working in the ACT cannot enter the NSW area without a CAPI license, else they will be in breach of
8268-784: The issues surrounding private investigation in the UK. The cost of hiring a PI in the UK can vary depending on the complexity of the investigation and the experience of the PI. However, it is typically in the range of £200 to £500 per day. Private investigators in the United States may or may not be licensed or registered by a government licensing authority or state police of the state where they are located. Licensing varies from state to state and can range from: a) no state license required; b) city or state business license required (such as in five states ( Idaho , Alaska , Mississippi , South Dakota , and Wyoming ); c) to needing several years of experience and licensing-related training classes and testing (as
8374-524: The law. In Queensland, a private investigator need to be licensed under the Queensland Government and apply for a private investigator licence by completing an application for a security provider licence. Applicant will need to have a criminal history check and submit fingerprint. Private investigators in Canada are licensed at the provincial level by the appropriate body. For instance, in
8480-403: The licensure requirements to expire on August 31, 2021. Florida has 3 types of licenses - Class CC for private investigator intern, C for private investigator, and MA for manager of a private investigative agency. As Class C license requires at least 2 years of experience, most applicants start with Class CC, which allows them to work under a sponsorship of a licensed Class C investigator. For
8586-438: The mother who was drop-dead gorgeous and who never told her kind of funny-looking daughter she was pretty." She received widespread critical acclaim, and at age 72, she earned her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , which she was widely expected to win, but lost to Juliette Binoche for The English Patient . She also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture and
8692-645: The news. Bacall wrote in By Myself that Sinatra only found out the truth years later. Bacall then met and began a relationship with Jason Robards . Their wedding was originally scheduled to take place in Vienna , Austria , on June 16, 1961. The wedding plans were shelved after Austrian authorities refused to grant the couple a marriage license, due to Robards being unable to produce divorce documents from his previous marriage, and Bacall being unable to produce Humphrey Bogart's death certificate. They were also refused
8798-577: The only child of Natalie ( née Weinstein-Bacal; 1901–1969), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacal, and William Perske (1889–1982), who worked in sales. Both of her parents were Jewish . Her mother emigrated from Iași , Romania , through Ellis Island . Her father was born in New Jersey to parents who were born in Valozhyn , at that time a predominantly Jewish community in present-day Belarus . Bacall's parents divorced when she
8904-636: The picture and to establish Bacall as a movie star. As part of the public-relations push, Bacall visited the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 1945, and sat on a piano as Vice President Harry S. Truman played it. After To Have and Have Not , Bacall appeared with Charles Boyer in Confidential Agent (1945), which was poorly received by critics. By her own estimation, she had been terribly miscast and
9010-583: The private detective, making him a more jaunty and less dour incarnation than Bogart's famous characterizations, the New York Times had been quite critical in 1967 of Sinatra's characterization for precisely that reason: "Evidently Frank Sinatra is trying to go the Humphrey Bogart route....The cryptic Miami Beach gumshoe he plays in this hard-nosed mystery film...is such a conscious or unconscious imitation of Mr. Bogart’s prototypical Sam Spade in
9116-805: The prospective investor avoid being the victim of fraud. A licensed and experienced investigator could reveal the investment is risky and/or the investor has a suspicious background. This is called investigative due diligence, and is becoming more prevalent in the 21st century with the public reports of large-scale Ponzi schemes and other fraudulent investment vehicles. There are also cases of corrupt private detectives who, at times, have been known to work for criminals such as stalkers and crime bosses to track down escaped victims, rival criminals and/or witnesses that have gone into hiding or to gather compromising evidence against witnesses, informants , prosecutors and/or police investigators that could be used in upcoming trials . Private investigators also engage in
9222-467: The protection of intellectual property and trade secrets , antipiracy, copyright infringement investigations, due diligence investigations, malware and cyber criminal activity, and computer forensics work. Some PIs act as professional witnesses where they observe situations with a view to reporting the actions or lack of them to a court or to gather evidence in antisocial behavior . An undercover investigator, undercover detective, or undercover agent
9328-762: The province of Ontario , private investigators are licensed and regulated by the Ministry of Community Safety & Correctional Services (MCSCS). In the province of Alberta , private investigators are licensed and regulated by the Alberta Justice and Solicitor General. Similar licensing requirements apply in other provinces and territories of Canada . As per the Ontario text of the Private Security and Investigative Services Act of 2005 , private investigators are forbidden from referring to themselves as detective or private detective . In order to become
9434-444: The real jewels to pay her ex-husband's blackmail demands. The trail leads to Rita's dead ex-husband and Diana's stepfather, Adam Boyd, an abortion doctor stripped of his license, who ordered the killing of Kosteman, believing Diana would then inherit his entire estate (as Boyd had found documents showing Rita's current marriage was void), and that Diana would then provide generously for her mother. The case solved, Rome invites Ann for
9540-491: The romance, but, in her autobiography Lauren Bacall by Myself , she wrote that Sinatra ended the relationship abruptly after becoming upset that his marriage proposal had been leaked to the press, believing Bacall to be responsible. However, Bacall states in Lauren Bacall by Myself that when she was out with her friend Irving "Swifty" Lazar , they encountered the gossip columnist Louella Parsons , to whom Lazar revealed
9646-612: The state where they are located. This applies to all states except the Australian Capital Territory. Companies offering investigation services must also hold a business licence and all their operatives must hold individual licences. Generally, the licences are administered and regulated by the state police; however, in some states, this can also be managed by other government agencies. The evidence collected by private investigators must adhere to strict rules of admissibility. If proper protocols are not followed during
9752-477: The status of a major star, and was thereby unworthy of the honor: "I want to feel I've earned my place with the best my business has produced." Bacall was under contract to 20th Century-Fox. Following How to Marry a Millionaire , she appeared in yet another CinemaScope comedy directed by Negulesco, Woman's World (1954), which failed to match its predecessor's success at the box office. A television version of Bogart's early film success The Petrified Forest
9858-552: The syndicated action-adventure radio series Bold Venture . Bacall starred in the first CinemaScope comedy, How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), a runaway hit among critics and at the box office that was directed by Jean Negulesco . She received positive notices for her turn as witty gold-digger Schatze Page. "First honors in spreading mirth go to Miss Bacall," wrote Alton Cook in the New York World-Telegram & Sun , "The most intelligent and predatory of
9964-486: The trio, she takes complete control of every scene with her acid delivery of viciously witty lines." After the success of How to Marry a Millionaire , Bacall declined the opportunity to press her handprints and footprints in the Grauman's Chinese Theatre 's famed cement forecourt. She felt that "anyone with a picture opening could be represented there, standards had been so lowered" and did not feel that she had yet achieved
10070-491: The world, of corrupt or rogue private investigators who have obtained people's private data and information through illegal means. These include phone hacking, pretexting , identity theft and other illegal means of accessing government, insurance and police databases to obtain highly sensitive private information on their targets. Private investigators in Australia must be licensed by the licensing authority relevant to
10176-471: Was a musical version of the film All About Eve (1950), starring Bette Davis , Bacall's idol as a child. A young and unknown Bacall had met Davis years earlier in New York. After a performance of Applause , Davis visited Bacall backstage and told her, "You're the only one who could have played the part." Bacall would later win the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972 and 1984, an award inspired by
10282-414: Was a pivotal year for Bacall's career. She was chosen by Barbra Streisand to play her mother in the romantic comedy The Mirror Has Two Faces , also starring Jeff Bridges , George Segal and Brenda Vaccaro . Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote of her performance "Bacall, posing, rolling her eyes and snapping out the one-liners with consummate skill, is in to play the source of all of Rose’s insecurities,
10388-653: Was an American actress. She was named the 20th-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute . She received an Academy Honorary Award in 2009 in recognition of her contribution to the Golden Age of motion pictures. Bacall was one of the last surviving major stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Bacall began a career as a model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency before making her film debut at
10494-672: Was cast in her friend Ingrid Bergman 's role in From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler , a television remake of the 1973 movie by the same title . Years earlier, Bergman had played the role in the film version of Cactus Flower (1969) that Bacall had played on Broadway in 1965. In 1995 portrayed Claire Zachanassian in the Terrence McNally play The Visit at the Chichester Festival . 1996
10600-585: Was five, after which she no longer saw her father. She later took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall. She was close to her mother, who remarried Lee Goldberg and moved to California after Bacall became a star. Through her father, Bacall was related to Shimon Peres (born Szymon Perski), the eighth prime minister and ninth president of Israel . Peres did not know about the relationship until Bacall told him. Bacall's family moved soon after her birth to Brooklyn 's Ocean Parkway . Money from
10706-476: Was her second feature directed by Minnelli and was released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart's death on January 14. Bacall appeared in two more films in the 1950s: the Negulesco-directed melodrama The Gift of Love (1958) with Robert Stack and the British adventure film North West Frontier (1959), which was a box-office hit. Bacall was seen in only a handful of films in
10812-610: Was immediate, according to Bacall. She and Bogart, who was unhappily married to Mayo Methot , began a romantic relationship several weeks into shooting. Bacall's role in the script was originally much smaller, but during production, the part was revised and extended several times. After its release, To Have and Have Not catapulted Bacall into instant stardom, and her performance became the cornerstone of her star image that extended into popular culture at large, even influencing fashion as well as filmmakers and other actors. Warner Bros. launched an extensive marketing campaign to promote
10918-640: Was mentioned in various books of the 1870s and immortalized as "Paddington" Pollaky for his "keen penetration" in the 1881 comic opera, Patience . In the United States, Allan Pinkerton established the Pinkerton National Detective Agency – a private detective agency – in 1850. Pinkerton became famous when he foiled a plot to assassinate then President-elect Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Pinkerton's agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and armed security. At
11024-470: Was often cast in roles that were variations of the independent and sultry femme fatale character of Vivian. As described by film scholar Joe McElhaney, "Vivian displays an almost total command of movement and gesture. She never crawls." Bacall was cast with Bogart in two more films. In the film noir Dark Passage (1947), she played an enigmatic San Francisco artist. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote: "Miss Bacall ... generates quite
11130-752: Was performed as a 1955 live installment of the weekly dramatic anthology Producers' Showcase , featuring Bogart in his original role of Duke Mantee and starring Bacall and Henry Fonda . In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the performance to the Museum of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media ), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles. Bacall starred in two feature films, The Cobweb and Blood Alley , both released in 1955. Directed by Vincente Minnelli , The Cobweb takes place at
11236-400: Was so nervous that, to minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest, faced the camera and tilted her eyes upward. This effect, which came to be known as "The Look", became another Bacall trademark, along with her sultry voice. Bacall's character in the film used Slim Hawks's nickname, "Slim", and Bogart used Howard Hawks's nickname "Steve". The on-set chemistry between the two
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