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28-624: According to Richter, the Topogon was developed from the Goerz Hypergon (1900), one of the first super- wide-angle lenses . Richter credits the mathematician Emil von Höegh , who had designed the Dagor anastigmat (1892), with designing the Hypergon for Goerz. Although the Hypergon covered a wide angle of view (140°) and had good flatness of field and distortion characteristics,

56-640: A Gauss lens , have been paired with the front elements from a Planar -type double Gauss lens, resulting in the designs shared by the Schneider Kreuznach Xenotar (1952) and Zeiss Planar (1953) & Biometar (1959). The Xenotar and Planar were fitted to Rolleiflex TLR cameras as an upgrade over Tessar / Xenar types, and the Biometar was the standard lens for the Pentacon Six (aka Praktisix / Exakta 66) SLRs, with

84-649: A Xenotar available for the same camera. Goerz (company) C. P. Goerz was founded in 1886 by Carl Paul Goerz. Originally, it made geometrical drawing instruments for schools. From 1888 it made cameras and photographic lenses . During the First World War , Goerz's main production was for the German and Austrian military. Goerz is known primarily for Anschütz strut-folding cameras, Dagor and Tengor lenses, Tenax cameras (later continued by Zeiss Ikon ) and Minicord subminiature cameras. C. P. Goerz also made

112-537: A 1990 sale catalogue by Sotheby's auction house in London estimated that approximately 1200 cameras existed at that date. The new Tele Rolleiflex uses 135mm/f4 Schneider Tele-Xenar taking lens. This camera had a 55 mm/f4.0 Carl Zeiss Distagon taking lens. The introduction to a 1990 sale catalogue by Sotheby's auction house in London estimated that fewer than 700 such cameras existed at that date. Only 3600 models were originally produced. The new Wide Rolleiflex uses

140-566: A 50mm/f4 Schneider Super-Angulon taking lens. Rollei's first medium-format SLR, introduced in 1966. A 35 mm SLR introduced in 1970. There are two models of miniature Rolleiflex cameras. These are not true Rolleiflex cameras but are miniature reproductions of the Rolleiflex TLR design produced under licence by the German camera manufacturer Minox . The cameras are manufactured by the Japanese company Sharan Megahouse . One model

168-567: A cemented achromatic lens just ahead of the central stop and added two meniscus groups on either side to maintain lens symmetry. Topogon lenses have been produced with maximum apertures ranging from f/3.5 to f/15 in various focal lengths . Goerz was merged into the Zeiss Ikon company in 1926. An independent branch of Goerz in America, which had been established in 1895, licensed the Topogon design to Bausch & Lomb , who produced it as

196-590: A lens with a similar design for the Mamiya Press camera system, the Mamiya–Sekor 65mm f /6.3 . The front meniscus elements of the Topogon were paired with the rear half of a double Gauss by Albrecht Tronnier and released as the Voigtlander Ultragon , a wide angle lens for large format cameras. As the opposite hybrid asymmetric design, the rear meniscus elements of the Topogon , forming

224-648: A quick release bayonet, as well as a quick-change tripod attachment. Some professional, amateur, and fine-art photographers still shoot Rolleiflex TLR film cameras with color transparency, color negative, or black-and-white film. The later f2.8 and f3.5 letter models (Planar or Xenotar lens) are highly sought after in the used market, and command the greatest price. Historically there were five focal length cameras available including 5.5 cm Rollei-Wide, 6.0 cm Baby Rollei, 7.5 cm (f:3.5), 8.0 cm (f2.8), and 13.5 cm (f:4 Zeiss Sonnar) Tele-Rolleiflex. Although all Rolleflex cameras can be fine user cameras, there

252-626: A series of telescopic sights for sporting rifles that saw some use during the shortage of military sniping rifles experienced during the early stages of the trench warfare that was to characterise much of the First World War. In 1895 Goerz founded a branch in New York that was to become the C. P. Goerz American Optical Company in 1905. This company continued to operate independently in the USA until 1972. In 1908, Goerz Photochemisches Werk GmbH

280-509: A smaller, lighter, more compact camera than their imitators. The highly regarded Zeiss Planar f2.8 and Schneider Xenotar lenses, both 80mm focal length and fast in comparison, are both state of the art optics. Unique to the Rolleiflex Automat and letter model cameras, the mechanical wind mechanism was robust and clever, making film loading semi-automatic and quick. This mechanism started the exposure counter automatically, auto-spaced

308-659: Is a 4.9 mm f/2.8; the camera has digital autofocus. The electronic shutter has also been upgraded to a maximum speed of 1/2500 of a second. The camera operates on a single CR2 battery and uses miniSD memory cards. There was also a 1/3 scale miniature Rolleiflex TLR, using Minox film, producing 36 exposures of 8x11mm format negative. TLR ( twin-lens reflex ) Rolleiflex Cameras—7.5 cm (f: 2.8, 3.5, 3.8) Planar or Xenotar lenses. f /2.8 cameras have 8 cm focal length, f /3.5 have 7.5 cm The F model introduced coupled exposure metering and removable focus hood on all subsequent models Rollei responded to

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336-550: Is a miniature digital camera, the other is a miniature Rolleiflex TLR film camera. The original model, now discontinued, was the Rolleiflex MiniDigi, a miniature reproduction of the TLR Rolleiflex. In many details the camera retained the look of the original, including a waist-level viewfinder and a crank to prepare the camera for the next shot. As the name implies, the camera was a digital reproduction, with

364-511: Is also an active market for many Rolleiflex models as collectables, and this adds (greatly in some models) to the end price paid, particularly in Japan . Rolleiflex medium format cameras continued to be produced by DHW Fototechnik up to 2014—a company founded by former Franke & Heidecke employees. DHW Fototechnik announced two new Rolleiflex cameras and a new electronic shutter for photokina 2012 . The company filed for insolvency in 2014 and

392-518: Is marketed primarily to professional photographers. Rolleiflex cameras have used film formats 117 (Original Rolleiflex), 120 (Standard, Automat, Letter Models, Rollei-Magic, and T model), and 127 (Baby Rolleiflex). The Rolleiflex TLR film cameras were known for their exceptional build quality, compact size, modest weight, superior optics, durability, simplicity, reliable mechanics and bright viewfinders. The high-quality 7.5 cm focal length lenses, manufactured by Zeiss and Schneider , allowed for

420-473: Is most commonly used to refer to Rollei's premier line of medium format twin lens reflex (TLR) cameras. (A companion line intended for amateur photographers, Rolleicord , existed for several decades.) However, a variety of TLRs and SLRs in medium format, and zone focus, and SLR 35 mm , as well as digital formats have also been produced under the Rolleiflex label. The 120 roll film Rolleiflex series

448-712: The Metrogon for the United States, citing the same US patent as the Topogon . The Metrogon was introduced in the early 1940s at the same cost "as a light automobile", limiting its market to aerial surveillance cameras for the United States Army Air Corps. A later patent by Wilbur B. Rayton, assigned to Bausch & Lomb in 1943, separated one of the outer positive meniscus lenses into two air-spaced positive menisci, similar to an earlier patent issued in 1938 to Hasselkus & Richmond. Although

476-401: The maximum aperture was limited to f / 22 to control longitudinal spherical aberration and chromatic aberration . A new computation of a "fast" Hypergon was made by limiting the angle of view to 90°, which allowed an increased maximum aperture of f / 6.3. The Topogon was derived from the "fast" Hypergon by adding a second, symmetric set of strongly curved meniscus elements inside

504-410: The "viewing" lens being a dummy. The camera had a 2 megapixel CMOS sensor in the square format of the traditional TLR. The lens was a 9 mm f/2.8 with five elements, focusing down to 10 cm. The shutter speeds were automatically controlled between 1/15 to 1/400 second, exposure time was automatic. The camera was operated by a single CR2 battery. The storage media were either SD or MMC cards. This

532-556: The 12 or (on the later model F cameras) 24 exposures, and tensioned the shutter; all with less than one full turn of the film advance crank. This makes the Rolleiflex Automat/Letter model cameras very sought-after for shooting fast-paced action, such as street photography . A range of accessories made this camera a system: panorama head, sun shade, parallax-corrected close-ups lenses, color correction, contrast enhancing, and special effect filters, all mounted with

560-429: The larger spherical elements to correct longitudinal spherical aberration. The initial design patented by Richter was for a f=66mm f / 6.3 lens covering 100°, although the patent also contains two other refinements to the basic design, including one that used parallel elements to minimize vignetting . As the name suggests, the Topogon was intended to be used for topographical surveys and photogrammetry . The Topogon

588-544: The main market for the Topogon similarly was aerial photography and mapping for military and government applications, a consumer version was produced for the pre-war Zeiss Ikon Contax 35mm rangefinder cameras and produced in small numbers as the Topogon 2.5 cm f /4 . Lenses using similar designs also were produced by Canon (25mm f /3.5 , 1956), KMZ ( Oриoн-15 / Orion-15 28mm f /6 , 1964), and Nikon ( W-NIKKOR·C 2.5cm f /4 , 1954) for their rangefinder systems after World War II. In addition, Mamiya released

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616-573: Was an independent company and was therefore able to continue production in America. This article was originally based on " Goerz " in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License . Rolleiflex Rolleiflex is a long-running and diverse line of high-end cameras originally made by the German company Franke & Heidecke , and later Rollei-Werke . The "Rolleiflex" name

644-609: Was dissolved in April 2015, ending any further production. The factory production equipment and remaining stocks of parts were auctioned off in late April 2015. A smaller company was created again with former DHW Fototechnik employees, under the name DW Photo at the same location. DW Photo focuses on producing the Rolleiflex Hy6 mod2 medium format SLR camera (digital & film), servicing existing cameras, including providing firmware and hardware upgrades. This first Rolleiflex

672-603: Was founded in Zehlendorf, Berlin . This company produced roll film and film for the movie industry. In 1926 the German branch of Goerz merged with ICA , Contessa-Nettel and Ernemann to form Zeiss Ikon. This had major consequences for the company. The Carl Zeiss company held a majority stake in the new company and demanded that the other firms end their lens production. Thus the European Dagor lenses were made by Carl Zeiss Jena in limited number. The American branch

700-510: Was introduced in 1929 after three years of development, and was the company's first medium format roll-film camera, which was used with unpopular 117 (B1) film. It was a Twin-Lens Reflex camera . Incorporated the first 8 cm f2.8 taking lens (an 80 mm Tessar , either by Carl Zeiss Jena Zeiss Opton [Oberkochen]) into the Rolleiflex line. It also added an X flash synch contact. Built from 1949 to 1951. Released in October 1956, this

728-490: Was later developed into the Pleon fisheye lens (1938) and Pleogon lens by Richter and Friedrich Koch in 1956. The Pleon was used for aerial surveillance during World War II, and was equipped with a large negative meniscus cemented group ahead of the Topogon core as an early example of an inverted telephoto design; a special projector was required to display an undistorted image. The Pleogon, used for photogrammetry , used

756-482: Was superseded by the MINOX DCC (Digital Classic Camera) Rolleiflex AF 5.0. The name change brings the current model more firmly in line with the rest of Minox's Classic Camera miniature reproduction range. It is visually identical to the original model, but available in both black and red leather finishes. The CMOS sensor has been upgraded to 3 megapixels, with 5.0 megapixels available by interpolation . The taking lens

784-403: Was the first model with a built in, uncoupled light meter as an option. Released in 1959, this camera came in a new color of gray. The camera was most successful for it was more affordable to the public. The camera had a 75mm Tessar lens made of lanthanum glass, giving higher resolution and color correction. This camera used a 135 mm/f4.0 Carl Zeiss Sonnar taking lens. The introduction to

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