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45-615: The Toraja Mamasa Church adheres to the Apostles Creed and the Heidelberg Catechism . It has a Presbyterian church government with Presbyteries, and Synods. The church has 65 classes and 532 congregations and 136,000 members. This article about Reformed Christianity is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Christian denomination is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Indonesia -related article

90-819: A faithful summary of the apostles' faith." The following gives the original Latin text, with the traditional division into twelve articles, alongside an English translation. Underlined passages are those not present in the Old Roman Symbol as recorded by Tyrannius Rufinus . 1. Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae , 2. et in Iesum Christum, Filium Eius unicum, Dominum nostrum, 3. qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine, 4. passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus , et sepultus, 5. descendit ad inferos , tertia die resurrexit

135-826: A letter of Saint Ambrose ( c. 390), what is now known as the Apostles’ Creed is first quoted in its present form in the early 8th century . It developed from the Old Roman Symbol, and seems to be of Hispano-Gallic origin, being accepted in Rome some time after Charlemagne imposed it throughout his dominions. The Latin text of Tyrannius Rufinus : Credo in deum patrem omnipotentem; et in Christum Iesum filium eius unicum, dominum nostrum, qui natus est de Spiritu sancto ex Maria virgine, qui sub Pontio Pilato crucifixus est et sepultus, tertia die resurrexit

180-480: A mortuis, 6. ascendit ad caelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis , 7. inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos. 8. Credo in Spiritum Sanctum, 9. sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem , 10. remissionem peccatorum, 11. carnis resurrectionem, 12. vitam aeternam. Amen. There is also a received Greek text, which alongside

225-818: A mortuis, ascendit in caelos, sedet ad dexteram patris, unde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos; et in Spiritum sanctum, sanctam ecclesiam, remissionem peccatorum, carnis resurrectionem. The Greek text of Marcellus of Ancyra : Πιστεύω οὖν εἰς θεòν πατέρα παντοκράτορα· καὶ εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν, τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν, τὸν γεννηθέντα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου, τὸν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου σταυρωθέντα καὶ ταφέντα καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρα ἀναστάντα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἀναβάντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς καὶ καθήμενον ἐν δεξιᾳ τοῦ πατρός, ὅθεν ἔρχεται κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς· καὶ εἰς τò ἅγιον πνεῦμα, ἁγίαν ἐκκλησίαν, ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν, σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν, ζωὴν αἰώνιον. The Latin (Rufinus) and

270-613: A priest of Aquileia, left a Latin version in his Commentarius in Symbolum Apostolorum (P.L. xxi. 335B). He believed this to be the Roman creed as the "rule of faith" written by the Apostles at Jerusalem. About at the same time also Nicetas of Remesiana wrote an Explanatio Symboli (P.L. Lii. 865-874B) based on the Old Roman Symbol, but including also the communion of saints . Though the name "Apostles’ Creed" appears in

315-525: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Apostles Creed The Apostles' Creed ( Latin : Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum ), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles , is a Christian creed or "symbol of faith". The creed most likely originated in 5th-century Gaul as a development of the Old Roman Symbol : the old Latin creed of

360-555: Is first mentioned in a letter from the Synod of Milan dated AD 390, referring to a belief at the time that each of the Twelve Apostles contributed an article to the twelve articles of the creed. The ecclesiastical use of Latin symbolum for ' creed ' —in the sense of "a distinctive mark of Christians", from the sense of Greek σύμβολον , ' a sign or token used for identification ' —first occurs around

405-451: Is now known as the Apostles' Creed was most likely developed in southern Gaul around the midpoint of the 5th century. A creed that is virtually identical to the current one is recorded by Faustus of Riez . It is possible that Faustus had the identical text, as the original text written by Faustus cannot be reconstructed with certainty. A version that is identical to the current one with the single exception of infera in place of inferos

450-528: Is recorded in the late 5th century. However, the Old Roman Creed remained the standard liturgical text of the Roman Church throughout the 4th to 7th centuries. It was replaced by the "Gallic" version of the Apostles' Creed only in the later 8th century, under Charlemagne , who imposed it throughout his dominions. The phrase descendit ad inferos (' he descended into hell ') is not found in

495-542: Is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of the saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen. Old Roman Creed The Old Roman Symbol ( Latin : vetus symbolum romanum ), or Old Roman Creed , is an earlier and shorter version of

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540-653: Is still explicitly trinitarian in structure, with sections affirming belief in God the Father , God the Son , and God the Holy Spirit . It does not address some Christological issues defined in the Nicene Creed . It thus says nothing explicitly about the divinity of either Jesus or the Holy Spirit. For this reason, it was held to predate the Nicene Creed in medieval Latin tradition. The expression "Apostles' Creed"

585-697: The Apostles’ Creed . It was based on the 2nd-century Rule of Faith and the interrogatory declaration of faith for those receiving Baptism ( 3rd century or earlier), which by the 4th century was everywhere tripartite in structure, following Matthew 28:19 ("baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit " ), which is part of the Great Commission . According to

630-544: The Council of Florence (1431–1449) explicitly challenged the western tradition that attributed the Apostles' Creed to the Twelve Apostles. This tradition was also shown to be historically untenable by Lorenzo Valla . The Roman Church does not state that text dates back to the Apostles themselves, the Roman catechism instead explaining that "the Apostles' Creed is so called because it is rightly considered to be

675-656: The Great Commission , and it has been argued that this earlier text was already in written form by the late 2nd century (c. 180). The earliest known formula is found within Testamentum in Galilaea D[ominus]. N[oster]. I[esu]. Christi written between 150 and 180. This formula states: "[I believe] in the Father almighty, – and in Jesus Christ, our Savior; – and in the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, in

720-730: The Our Father ) of prime and compline on certain days during Advent and Lent. Recitation of the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed is required to obtain a partial indulgence . The International Consultation on English Texts (ICET), a first inter-church ecumenical group that undertook the writing of texts for use by English-speaking Christians in common, published Prayers We Have in Common (Fortress Press, 1970, 1971, 1975). Its version of

765-546: The quire . The Episcopal Church (United States) uses the Apostles' Creed in Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer. Before the 1955 simplification of the rubrics of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius XII , the Apostles' Creed was recited at the beginning of matins and prime , at the end of compline , and in some preces (a series of versicles and responses preceded by, eleison ("Lord, have mercy") and

810-607: The vitam eternam , as Marcellus, and the communionem sanctorum , omitted by the other two. I believe in God the Father almighty; and in Christ Jesus His only Son, our Lord, Who was born of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, Who under Pontius Pilate was crucified and buried, on the third day rose again from the dead, ascended to heaven, sits at the right hand of the Father, whence He will come to judge

855-546: The 4th century. It has been used in the Latin liturgical rites since the 8th century and, by extension, in the various modern branches of Western Christianity , including the modern liturgy and catechesis of the Catholic Church , Lutheranism , Anglicanism , Presbyterianism , Moravianism , Methodism , and Congregational churches . It is shorter than the full Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed adopted in 381, but it

900-738: The Apostles' Creed as part of a Baptismal Covenant for those who are to receive the Rite of Baptism. The Apostles' Creed is recited by candidates, sponsors and congregation, each section of the Creed being an answer to the celebrant's question, "Do you believe in God the Father (God the Son, God the Holy Spirit)?" It is also used in an interrogative form at the Easter Vigil in The Renewal of Baptismal Vows. The Church of England likewise asks

945-482: The Apostles' Creed was adopted by several churches. I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again. He ascended into heaven, and

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990-842: The Church historian John Norman Davidson Kelly , 2nd-century church fathers Tertullian and Irenaeus cite it in their works. According to the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, the first text attesting it is a letter to Pope Julius I in 340 or 341, and it has recently been argued that it developed in the context of the Arian controversy. Bettenson and Maunder further comment on this that Marcellus had been exiled from his diocese through Arian influence, thus spending two years at Rome, and finally left his creed with Julius, Bishop of Rome. Additionally c. 400, Rufinus,

1035-536: The Greek (Marcellus) versions are faithful, literal, verbatim translations of each other. The only outstanding difference is the concluding clause in the Greek text, ζωὴν αἰώνιον ("life everlasting"), which has no equivalent in the Latin text. This clause is present in the Apostles’ Creed . The Latin version of Nicetas of Remesiana also follows quite closely the version of Rufinus (usually verbatim ) but also includes

1080-749: The Latin is found in the Psalterium Græcum et Romanum , erroneously ascribed to Pope Gregory the Great . It was first edited by Archbishop Ussher in 1647, based on a manuscript preserved in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The Latin text agrees with the "Creed of Pirminius" edited by Charles Abel Heurtley ( De Fide Symbolo , 1900, p. 71). Four other Greek translations with slight variations were discovered by Carl Paul Caspari , and published in 1879 ( Alte und neue Quellen zur Geschichte des Taufsymbols , vol. 3, pp. 11 sqq.). The tradition of assigning each article to one of

1125-655: The Missal gave for use at Mass , except in Masses for children; but in some countries use of the Apostles' Creed was already permitted. The Apostles' Creed is used in Anglican services of Matins and Evening Prayer (Evensong) . It is invoked after the recitation or singing of the Canticles , and is the only part of the services in which the congregation traditionally turns to face the altar, if they are seated transversely in

1170-472: The Nicene Creed. It echoes Ephesians 4:9, " κατέβη εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς " ( ' he descended into the lower earthly regions ' ). This phrase first appeared in one of the two versions of Rufinus (d. 411), the Creed of Aquileia , and then did not appear again in any version of the creed until AD 650. Similarly, the references to the communion of saints is found neither in the Old Roman Symbol nor in

1215-539: The Nicene Creed. The reference to God as "creator of heaven and earth" likewise is not in the Nicene Creed of 325, but it is present in the extended version of the Nicene Creed (the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed ) of 381. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not use the Apostles' Creed, not because of an objection to any of its articles, but because of its omissions necessary for the definition of Nicene Christianity . The Orthodox delegates at

1260-603: The Symbol of the Apostles, which the Roman Church has always kept and preserved undefiled". Ambrose's term is here referring to the Old Roman Creed , the immediate predecessor of what is now known as the Apostles' Creed. The narrative of this creed having been jointly created by the Apostles, with each of the twelve contributing one of twelve articles, was already current at that time. The Old Roman Creed had evolved from simpler texts based on Matthew 28:19, part of

1305-409: The Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again; he ascended into heaven, is seated at the right hand of the Father, and will come again to judge the living and the dead. Do you believe in the Holy Spirit? I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins,

1350-512: The apostles specifically can be traced to the 6th century. In Western sacral art, Credo Apostolorum refers to the figurative representation of the twelve apostles each alongside one of the articles. This artistic tradition extends from the high medieval to the Baroque period. The precise division of the text and the sequence of attribution to the apostles has never been entirely fixed. For example, Pelbartus Ladislaus of Temesvár , writing in

1395-466: The candidate(s); for confirmands, it is the professing of the faith before and among the congregation. For the congregation, it is a reaffirmation of their professed faith. Do you believe in God? I believe in God, the Father Almighty, creator of heaven and earth. Do you believe in Jesus Christ? I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of

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1440-644: The candidate: "Dost thou believe in God the Father ..." The response is: "All this I stedfastly believe." Lutherans following the Lutheran Service Book ( Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and the Lutheran Church–Canada ), like Catholics and Anglicans, use the Apostles' Creed during the Sacrament of Baptism: Do you believe in God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth? Do you believe in Jesus Christ, His only son, our Lord, who

1485-402: The candidates, sponsors and congregation to recite the Apostles' Creed in answer to similar interrogations, in which it avoids using the word God of the Son and the Holy Spirit, asking instead: "Do you believe and trust in his Son Jesus Christ?", and "Do you believe and trust in the Holy Spirit?" Moreover, "where there are strong pastoral reasons", it allows use of an alternative formula in which

1530-535: The celebrant says: This is our faith. This is the faith of the Church. We are proud to profess it, in Christ Jesus our Lord. And all respond: Amen. The Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand uses the Apostles' Creed in its baptism rite in spite of the reservations of some of its members regarding the phrase "born of the virgin Mary". The Episcopal Church in the United States of America uses

1575-490: The earliest appearance of what we know as the Apostles' Creed was in the De singulis libris canonicis scarapsus ( ' Excerpt from Individual Canonical Books ' ) of St. Pirminius ( Migne , Patrologia Latina 89, 1029 ff.), written between 710 and 714. Bettenson and Maunder state that it is first from Dicta Abbatis Pirminii de singulis libris canonicis scarapsus ( idem quod excarpsus , excerpt), c. 750. The text of what

1620-579: The forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting? Following each question, the candidate answers: "Yes, I believe". If the candidates are unable to answer for themselves, the sponsors are to answer the questions. For ELCA ( Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ) Lutherans who use the Evangelical Lutheran Worship book, the Apostles' Creed appears during the Sacrament of Holy Baptism Rite on p. 229 of

1665-426: The hardcover pew edition. The United Methodist Church in the United States uses the Apostles' Creed as part of their baptismal rites in the form of an interrogatory addressed to the candidate(s) for baptism and the whole congregation as a way of professing the faith within the context of the Church's sacramental act. For infants, it is the professing of the faith by the parents, sponsors, and congregation on behalf of

1710-474: The holy Church, and in the remission of sins." As can be seen, it lacks the Christological part of the Old Roman Creed. While the individual statements of belief that are included in the Apostles' Creed – even those not found in the Old Roman Symbol – are found in various writings by Irenaeus , Tertullian , Novatian , Marcellus , Rufinus , Ambrose , Augustine , Nicetas , and Eusebius Gallus ,

1755-419: The interrogations, while speaking of "God the Son" and "God the Holy Spirit", are more elaborate but are not based on the Apostles' Creed, and the response in each case is: "I believe and trust in him." The Book of Common Prayer may also be used, which in its rite of baptism has the minister recite the Apostles' Creed in interrogative form. Asking the godparents or, in the case "of such as are of Riper Years",

1800-473: The late 15th century, divides article 5 in two but combines articles 11 and 12 into one, with the following attributions: The Apostles' Creed is used in its direct form or in interrogative forms by Western Christian communities in several of their liturgical rites, in particular those of baptism and the Eucharist . The Apostles' Creed, whose present form is similar to the baptismal creed used in Rome in

1845-556: The middle of the 3rd century, in the correspondence of St. Cyprian and St. Firmilian , the latter in particular speaking of the trinitarian formula as the "Symbol of the Trinity ", and recognizing it as an integral part of the rite of baptism . The term Symbolum Apostolicum appears for the first time in a letter, probably written by Ambrose , from a Council in Milan to Pope Siricius in about AD 390: "Let them give credit to

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1890-480: The resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Since the 2002 edition, the Apostles' Creed is included in the Roman Missal as an alternative, with the indication, "Instead of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed , especially during Lent and Easter time, the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles' Creed, may be used." Previously the Nicene Creed was the only profession of faith that

1935-440: The third and fourth centuries, actually developed from questions addressed to those seeking baptism. The Catholic Church still today uses an interrogative form of it in the Rite of Baptism (for both children and adults). In the official English translation ( ICEL , 1974) the minister of baptism asks: Do you believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth? Do you believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who

1980-453: Was born of the Virgin Mary, was crucified, died, and was buried, rose from the dead, and is now seated at the right hand of the Father? Do you believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting? To each question, the catechumen, or, in the case of an infant, the parents and sponsor(s) (godparent(s)) in his or her place, answers "I do." Then

2025-419: Was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried; He descended into hell; the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence He will come to judge the living and the dead? Do you believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Church, the communion of saints,

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