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Torit is a city of Eastern Equatoria State in South Sudan .

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53-790: On 18 August 1955, the Equatoria Corps mutinied at Torit, starting the First Sudanese Civil War . In 1964 the military government in Khartoum closed "all the Christian mission schools" in the area. Torit was upgraded to Municipality status administered by a mayor on August 19, 2013. The city is in Torit County in Eastern Equatoria State , in the southeastern part of South Sudan , close to

106-680: A hospital, it does have well-served clinics, some of which are funded by international aid. Yei is also home to the Yei Teacher Training College, one of only a few such institutions in South Sudan. The institution, which was founded in 2001 by the Episcopal Diocese of Yei , has drawn students from all over the country (Yei TTC, 2020). The Lantoto National Park is located in the county's west, but its precise boundaries are unknown, and illegal poaching has been

159-531: A mix of all. Popular artists sing Afro-beat , R&B , and zouk . Dynamiq is popular for his reggae . In the 19th century, Egypt controlled Sudan and established the Equatoria province to further control its interests over the Nile . The Egyptian authorities selected British explorer Sir Samuel Baker to establish Equatoria for them, which he did in 1870. Baker was instructed to establish trading posts along

212-464: A persistent problem exacerbated by insecurity. The region has historically been an SPLA stronghold, and Yei River County was relatively unscathed after the conflict began in December 2013. However, due to its infrastructure and proximity to the border, it became a site for IDP hosting as hundreds of Nuer IDPs sought refuge in counties such as Yei River, where they were protected by the government in

265-473: A power-sharing arrangement in the new national government, with "People’s Constitutional Conventions" held in Equatoria, Upper Nile and Bahr al Ghazal. In September 2020, Sudans Post published a message from Dr. Hakim Dario, the leader of NADAFA, expressing concern that the new nation had been named "South Sudan" and proposed that the nation should be called "Equatoria Federal Republic". On February 9, 2022,

318-434: A result, the area's future security remains uncertain. In addition to the civil war, land disputes caused by migration to the area have strained relations between the host community and those who have settled in the county. 1-Twins hotel 2-New Tokyo hotel 3-Green valley hotel 4-Youths garden 5- Yei resort hotel 6- Seja guest house hotel Yei rive county is a good place with various meals ranging om different time of

371-559: A significant impact on all of these, and insecurity along the Juba-Yei road has impacted trade routes that support the economy. Due to this, access to the county has been greatly reduced. Humanitarian organizations and residents enter the area from the Ugandan side of the border. Prior to the outbreak of conflict, Yei's infrastructure was gradually being developed, but the conflict has hampered further investment. Although Yei does not have

424-718: A year before independence, when it became clear the Arabs were going to take over the national government in Khartoum. Equatoria gave its name to the southernmost unit of the British Sudan Defence Force , formed during the Anglo-Egyptian administration . This was the Equatoria or Southern Corps. On August 18, 1955, No. 2 Company of the Equatoria Corps mutinied at Torit , Eastern Equatoria. No. 2 Company had been ordered to make ready to move to

477-539: Is an administrative area in Central Equatoria with a large population of people who settled in that particular county. Aggrey Cyrus Kanyikwa is the current commissioner for Yei River County. He was appointed by President Salva Kiir Mayardit as recommended by former Central Equatoria State Governor, Emmanuel Adil Anthony . Yei is not a Normans land but it belongs to the kakwa communities, Welcoming businessmen and investors as it grows. Yei River County

530-1101: Is divided into smaller sub-regions (payams). As of January 2023, there are five payams: the Yei Town payam, the Otogo payam, the Mugwo payam, the Tore payam, and the Lasu payam.The county was divided into four counties in April 2016, however, in 2020 the divided counties were all reverted back and merged into Greater Yei River County as follows below: Mountains in mugwo payaam 1-Mugwo mountain 2. Longamere Mountain 1 Tokori boma 2 Asole boma 3 Lasu boma 4 Jabara boma newly established 1 Oyisa stream 2 Kogbo stream 3 Lakiriji stream 4 Obuyi stream 5 Ko'dope stream 6 'u'u stream 1 Kulujame Mountain. 2 Yago Mountain. 3 'Biya Mountain. 4 Nyangiriba Mountain. 5 Ambujo Mountain. 6 Nguti Mountain. 7 Riri Mountain. 8 Adabada Mountain. Yei River County

583-433: Is highly upheld and a great focus is given to knowing one's origin and dialect . Although the common languages spoken in Equatoria are Juba Arabic /Arabi Juba and English , Lingala and Kiswahili are being introduced to the population to improve the country's relations with its East African neighbors. Many musicians from Equatoria use English, Lingala, Kiswahili, Arabi Juba (Arabic Creole), their language or dialect or

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636-616: Is in Yei Town Payam. Yei River County is on South Sudan's southern border, connecting it to trade routes through Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Following independence, Yei River County was regarded as a stable area with significant development in terms of government institutions, educational facilities, and healthcare. However, sustained insecurity in the area, as well as in neighboring counties, has had

689-637: Is limited due to extended periods of insecurity in the area. According to IPC projections, the county had Minimal (IPC Phase 1) levels of food insecurity in 2016. However, due to the second outbreak of conflict in South Sudan, IPC projects classified the country as being in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) for the first half of the year. Insecurity in the county limited farmers' access to land and also hampered trade routes, which were critical for small businesses to survive. According to OCHA 's (2019) Humanitarian Needs Overview for 2020, there are approximately 224,000 people in

742-476: Is located in the state of Central Equatoria . It is bordered to the east by Lainya County , to the south by Morobo County , and to the north by Western Equatoria State ( Maridi and Mundri West Counties ). It shares a long western border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The county is distinguished by hills and dense forest cover. Several rivers , including the River Yei , flow north through

795-803: The Congo River and then through the Ituri Forest , one of the most difficult forest routes in Africa, resulting in the loss of two-thirds of the expedition's personnel. While the Advance succeeded in reaching Emin Pasha by February of the following year, the Mahdists had already overrun the bulk of the province, and Emin had already been deposed as governor by his officers in August 1887. The Advance reached

848-532: The Mahdi ("expected one") and began a holy war to unify the tribes of Western and Central Sudan, including Equatoria. By 1883 the Mahdists had cut off outside communications. However, Emin Pasha managed to request assistance from Britain via Buganda . The British sent the explorer Henry Morton Stanley and who led a relief expedition , called the "Advance," in February 1887 to rescue Emin. The Advance navigated up

901-729: The White Nile and Gondokoro ( Gondu kuru , means "difficult to dig", in Bari ), a trading center located on the east bank of the White Nile in Southern Sudan. Gondokoro was an important center since it was located within a few kilometres from the cutoff point of navigability of the Nile from Khartoum . It is presently located near the city of Juba in Equatoria. Baker's attempt to create additional trading posts and control Equatoria

954-454: The county in the western and eastern parts. The county is located in the equatorial maize and cassava livelihoods zone, according to FEWSNET (2018). According to an FAO and WFP report from 2018, 30% of the county's households depended on small scale agriculture (p. 19). Furthermore, Yei County's soil and climate due to climatic changes, is not as an ideal location for agricultural activities as before. Following

1007-468: The university is building a permanent site south of the city. The following points of interest are found in Torit: 04°24′29″N 32°34′30″E  /  4.40806°N 32.57500°E  / 4.40806; 32.57500 Equatoria Corps Equatoria is the southernmost region of South Sudan , along the upper reaches of the White Nile and the border between South Sudan and Uganda. Juba ,

1060-613: The 21-year civil war. In January 2020, the National Alliance for Democracy and Freedom Action (NADAFA) sought to join talks in Rome seeking to resolve political rifts within South Sudan. The group is a coalition of holdout political groups including the People’s Democratic Movement (PDM), which was not signatory to the peace agreement signed by President Salva Kiir’s South Sudanese government in 2018. NADAFA sought

1113-613: The Anya Nya would be incorporated into the Sudanese army and have equal status with the northern forces. The agreement declared Arabic as Sudan's official language and English as the south's principal language for administration and schooling. Despite opposition from SSLM leaders on the terms of the Agreement, Joseph Lagu approved the agreement and both sides agreed to a cease-fire. The Addis Ababa Accords were signed on March 27, 1972 and

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1166-641: The Azande community in Yambio held a coronation ceremony for King Atoroba Peni Rikito Gbudue. The traditional royal title was last held by King Rikito's great-grandfather King Gbudue, who died in 1905. Some neighboring cultural groups such as the Maridi and Balanda people wrote letters to the new king, warning him that they would not be subjects to the restored kingdom, with the Maridi letter specifically rejecting any ethnic political divisions, saying "We stand to promote

1219-493: The Azande, Bari , Lokoya , Otuho , and Pari . At the end of Baker's service as governor, British general Charles George Gordon was appointed governor of Sudan. Gordon took over in 1874 and administered the region until 1876. He was more successful in creating additional trading posts in the area. In 1876, Gordon's views clashed with those of the Egyptian governor of Khartoum forcing him to go back to London. In 1878 Gordon

1272-478: The British prior to World War I . Equatoria was closed to outside influences and developed along indigenous lines. As a result, the region remained isolated and underdeveloped. Limited social services to the region were provided by Christian missionaries who opened schools and medical clinics. The education provided by the missionaries was mainly limited to learning English language and arithmetic. In February 1953,

1325-652: The Congo , the Central African Republic , Sudan , the United States , Canada , the United Kingdom , Australia and Europe , where they interacted with the nationals and learnt their languages and culture. For most of those who remained in the country, or went North to Sudan and Egypt , they greatly assimilated Arabic culture. Most Equatorians kept the core of their culture even while in exile and diaspora . Traditionally, culture

1378-562: The Congo. Due to the continued presence of armed rebel groups in the area and neighboring counties, the situation in Yei County changed significantly following the escalation of conflict in 2016. This resulted in significant internal displacement as well as migration across international borders , primarily to Uganda . While there is no official Protection of Civilians (PoC) site in Yei, there are ad hoc displacement sites and IDPs living among

1431-1078: The Equatoria Corps was later called Anya Nya and the leaders were separatists, who demanded the creation of a separate South Sudanese nation, free from Arab domination. The Equatorian leaders of the Anya Nya and founders of the struggle were Rev. Fr Saturnino Ohure who was of Lotuho origin and was said to have been the first man to have fired a bullet, and launched the start of the first civil war, in Torit; Fr. Saturnino Lohure from Otuho; Aggrey Jaden from Pojulu Joseph Ohide, from Otuho Marko Rume, from Kuku Ezboni Mondiri , from Moru Albino Tombe, from Lokoya Tafeng Lodongi, from Otuho Lazaru Mutek, from Otuho Benjamin Loki , from Pojulu Elia Lupe, from Kakwa Elia Kuzee, from ZandeTimon Boro, from Moru Dominic Dabi Manango, from Zande Alison Monani Magaya, from Zande Isaiah Paul, from Zande Dominic Kassiano Dombo, from Zande and many others. The Khartoum government sent its forces to arrest

1484-443: The Khartoum government reneged on its promises. Southerners were denied participation in free elections and marginalized from political power. The government actions created resentment in the south that led to a mutiny by a group of Equatorians sparking the 21 year civil war (1955–1972 and 1983–2004). Equatorians played an instrumental role in the struggle for autonomy in South Sudan. The origins of Sudan's civil war dates back to 1955,

1537-489: The Middle East, Western Europe, and North America. By the late 1960s, the war had resulted in the deaths of half a million people and several hundred thousand southerners escaped to hide in the forests or to refugee camps in neighboring countries. Anya Nya controlled the southern countryside while the government forces controlled the major towns in the region. The Anya Nya rebels were small in number and scattered all over

1590-464: The Republic of South Sudan, not the culture of a specific group.” However, Badagbu Daniel Rimbasa, the king's brother, stated that the new king will not participate in politics. “It’s purely promotion of our culture and its preservation and heritage, not political.” 4°52′N 31°35′E  /  4.867°N 31.583°E  / 4.867; 31.583 Yei County Yei River County

1643-537: The South. In 1985 Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab led a coup and overthrew the regime. In 1986, Sadiq al-Mahdi was elected president of Sudan. The new regime began negotiations led by Colonel John Garang de Mabior , the leader of the Sala, but failed to reach an agreement to end the southern insurgency. Civil war has continued since then, but international pressure led SPLA and the Khartoum government to reach an agreement to end

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1696-468: The Sudanese celebrated that day as National Unity Day. This agreement resulted in a hiatus in the Sudanese civil war from 1972 to 1983. In 1983, President Gaafar Nimeiry abolished the parliament and embarked on a campaign to Islamize all of Sudan. He outlawed political parties and enacted Sharia law in the penal code. Non-Muslim southerners were now forced to obey Islamic laws and traditions. The policies revived southern opposition and military insurgency in

1749-516: The United Kingdom and Egypt reached an agreement providing for Sudanese self-government and self-determination . On January 1, 1956 Sudan gained independence from the British and Egyptian governments. The new state was under the control of the Arab led Khartoum government. The Arab Khartoum government had promised Southerners full participation in the political system, however, after independence

1802-527: The coast, with Emin, by the end of the year, by which point the Mahdists were firmly in control of Equatoria. In 1898, the Mahdist State was overthrown by the Anglo-Egyptian force led by British Field Marshal Lord Kitchener . Sudan was proclaimed a condominium under British-Egyptian administration with Equatoria being administered by the British. Equatoria received little attention from

1855-464: The country who have significant humanitarian needs, including IDPs. This corresponds to approximately 83% of the HNO's estimated population. Because of access issues, humanitarian organizations were unable to provide critical services to many vulnerable populations in Yei County in 2019, exacerbating the population's humanitarian needs. The county's protection needs were described as "catastrophic," with one of

1908-591: The eight original provinces of Sudan. The region of Bahr el Ghazal was split from Equatoria in 1948. In 1976, Equatoria was further split into the provinces of East and West Equatoria . The region has been troubled with violence during both the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars , as well as the anti-Ugandan insurgencies based in Sudan such as the Lord's Resistance Army and West Nile Bank Front . Equatoria consists of

1961-465: The following states : Between October 2015 and February 2020, Equatoria consisted of the following states: The people of Equatoria are traditionally peasants or nomads belonging to numerous ethnic groups. They live in the counties of Budi , Ezo, Juba , Kajo-keji, Kapoeta , Magwi , Maridi , Lainya , Mundri, Terekeka , Tombura, Torit , Yambio , and Yei . Equatoria is inhabited by the ethnolinguistic groups listed below. The following tribes occupy

2014-603: The former UNMISS compound. These IDPs (661 in Yei River County) were mostly families of soldiers who had defected to join the opposition. Following the outbreak of fighting in these counties in May 2015, approximately 3,000 IDPs from Mundri and Maridi sought refuge in Yei. Yei River County has also served as a refugee settlement for those fleeing neighboring countries, particularly the Democratic Republic of

2067-709: The highest levels of contamination of landmines/explosive remnants of war (ERW), gender-based violence, and child protection concerns in the country. Top Performing Private/Church funded Primary Schools in Yei River County, CES - South Sudan irrespective of the order. -Yei central fc -Super Stars Fc -Lions hunters fc -Dream fc -City cops fc -City stars -Lomuku fc -Atlabara fc -Peace club fc -Mission fc -Nasri fc == Infrastructure and services == Best Medical Facilities 1. Midland Medical Complex 2. Yei Civil Hospital 3. Grace medical facility 4. Harvesters The county's administrative center

2120-505: The host community in the area. According to the most recent data from early 2020, Yei is home to approximately 67,511 IDPs and 10,097 returnees (IOM DTM, 2020). The National Salvation Front (NAS), led by Thomas Cirillo, has clashed with the South Sudan People's Defense Force in the area on numerous occasions and is not a signatory to the 2018 peace agreement. Clashes were reported as recently as May 2020 (Abraham, 2020), and as

2173-595: The international border with the Republic of Uganda . It is approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Juba , the capital and largest city in South Sudan, by road. The coordinates of Torit are: 4° 24' 28.80"N, 32° 34' 30.00"E (Latitude:4.4080; Longitude:32.5750). The population of Torit was last estimated at 20,050, in 2004, and, according to census results, 33,657 in 2008. Equatoria International University temporarily opened in Torit on 21 June 2019, although

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2226-425: The national capital and the largest city in South Sudan, is located in Equatoria. Originally a province of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , it also contained most of northern parts of present-day Uganda , including Lake Albert and West Nile . It was an idealistic effort to create a model state in the interior of Africa that never consisted of more than a handful of adventurers and soldiers in isolated outposts. Equatoria

2279-467: The north, but instead of obeying, the troops mutinied, along with other Southern soldiers across the south in Juba , Yei , Yambio, and Maridi . The Khartoum government sent other Sudan Defence Force units to quell the rebellion and many mutineers of the Equatoria Corps went into hiding rather than surrender. This marked the beginning of the first civil war in southern Sudan. The rebellion that emerged from

2332-470: The outbreak of conflict in 2016 and climatic changes , Yei County experienced one of the country's largest drops in harvested areas, with the county's cereal harvest dropping from surplus to deficit. Before 2016, Yei had a high incoming population from neighboring states and countries. The presence of the Yei River in the area also allows residents to pursue fishing as a source of little diet, though access

2385-754: The rebels and capture anyone who supported their cause. By the early 1960s civilians believed to be Anya Nya sympathizers were arrested and shipped to Kodok concentration camp where they were tortured and killed. Some of the first detainees and survivors of the horrific torture at Kodok include Emmanuel Lukudu and Philip Lomodong Lako. By 1969 the Equatorian rebels found support among foreign governments and were able to obtained weapons and supplies. Anya Nya recruits were trained in Israel where they also got some of their weapons. The Anya Nya rebels received financial assistance from Southern Sudanese and Southern exiles from

2438-615: The region making their operations ineffective. It is estimated that there were between 5,000 and 10,000 Anya Nya rebels. On May 25, 1969, Colonel Gaafar Muhammed Nimeiri led a military coup and overthrew General Ibrahim Abboud's regime. In 1971 Joseph Lagu , from the Madi ethnic group, became the leader of the southern forces opposed to Khartoum government and founded the South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM). Anya Nya leaders united and rallied behind Lagu. Lagu

2491-414: The same applies to Keliko, Moru and Madi. Other than Arabic or (Arabi Juba) and English, the following languages are spoken in Equatoria according to Ethnologue . Due to the many years of the civil war , the Equatorian culture is heavily influenced by the countries neighboring Equatoria and hosting Equatorians. Many Equatorians fled to Ethiopia , Kenya , Uganda , the Democratic Republic of

2544-465: The three states of Greater Equatoria: Acholi , Avukaya , Baka , Balanda , Bari , Didinga , Kakwa , Keliko , Kuku , Lango , Lokoya , Narim, Lopit , Lugbwara , Lulubo, Madi , Makaraka or Adio, Moru , Mundari , Mundu , Nyangwara , Otuho , Pari , Pojulu , Tenet , Toposa and Azande . Some of these tribes like Bari, Pojulu, Kuku, Kakwa, Mundari and Nyangwara share a common language, but their accents, and some adjectives and nouns do vary;

2597-567: The two sides reach an agreement. The result was the Addis Ababa Agreement . The agreement granted autonomy for the South with three provinces: Equatoria, Bar al Ghazal and Upper Nile. The south would have a regional president appointed by the national president to oversee all aspects of government in the region. The national government would maintain authority over defense, foreign affairs, currency, and finance, and economic and social planning, and interregional concerns. The members of

2650-452: Was also supported by exiled southern politicians. With Lagu's leadership the SSLM created a governing infrastructure throughout many areas in southern Sudan. In 1972 Nimeri held negotiations with the Anya Nya at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. At the talks the Anya Nya demanded a separate southern government and an army to defend the south. Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie moderated the talks and helped

2703-625: Was established by Samuel Baker in 1870. Charles George Gordon took over as governor in 1874, followed by Emin Pasha in 1878. The Mahdist Revolt put an end to Equatoria as an Egyptian outpost in 1889. Later British Governors included Martin Willoughby Parr . Important towns in Equatoria included Lado , Gondokoro , Dufile and Wadelai . The last two former areas of Equatoria, Lake Albert and West Nile are now situated in Uganda. Under Anglo-Egyptian rule , most of Equatoria became one of

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2756-538: Was succeeded by the Chief Medical Officer of the Equatoria province, Mehemet Emin , popularly known as Emin Pasha. Emin made his headquarters at Lado (now in South Sudan). Emin Pasha had little influence over the area because the Khartoum governor was uninterested in his development proposals for the Equatoria region. In 1881, Muhammad Ahmad Abdullah, a Muslim religious leader, proclaimed himself

2809-486: Was unsuccessful because villages surrounding Gondokoro were frequently bypassed by Arab invaders who wanted to impose their culture and way of life on the people. King Gbudwe who ruled the western part of Equatoria at the time as The King of Azande Kingdom despised the Arab culture and way of life and encouraged the tribes to resist the invaders and protect their African culture and their way of life. The invaders were met with stiff resistance from Equatorian tribes such as

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