Referendums
28-580: The Torra Government was the regional government of Catalonia led by President Quim Torra between 2018 and 2020. It was formed in May 2018 after the regional election . Pere Aragonès took office as the interim president when the High Court of Justice of Catalonia barred Torra from public office on 28 September 2020. On 27 October 2017 the Catalan Parliament declared independence in
56-415: A plurality , or the most votes among the candidates, but in some she does not receive a majority. In Scenario 1, Alice received a majority of the vote. There were 20 votes cast and Alice received more than half of them. In Scenario 2, assume all three candidates are eligible. In this case, no one received a majority of the vote. In Scenario 3, assume that Alice and Bob are eligible candidates, but Carol
84-461: A difference in the total that is used to calculate a majority vote due to spoiled votes . In Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (abbreviated RONR), spoiled votes are counted as votes cast, but are not credited to any candidate. In The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure (abbreviated TSC ), spoiled votes are not included in the total and a majority vote is defined as being more than half of all eligible votes cast. As it relates to
112-402: A majority vote. However, in this and many other cases, previous notice is not required if a majority of the entire membership votes in favor, because that indicates that it is clearly not a temporary majority. Another protection against a decision being made by a temporary majority is the motion to reconsider and enter on the minutes , by which two members can suspend action on a measure until it
140-683: A slim majority in the Catalan Parliament. On 22 January 2018 Catalan Parliament President Roger Torrent officially proposed Puigdemont to be president. However, on 27 January 2018 the Constitutional Court of Spain ruled that Puigdemont, who had been living in exile since 30 October 2017, could not participate in any investiture debate via video conference or by getting another MP to read his speech and that he had to appear in person in parliament after receiving "prior judicial authorisation". The ruling effectively blocked
168-546: A vote boycotted by opposition MPs. Almost immediately the Senate of Spain invoked article 155 of the constitution, dismissing President Carles Puigdemont and the Catalan government and imposing direct rule on Catalonia . The following day Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Catalan Parliament and called for fresh regional elections on 21 December 2017. At the election Catalan secessionists retained
196-464: A vote, a majority vote most often means a simple majority vote, which means more "yes" votes than "no" votes. Abstentions or blanks are excluded in calculating a simple majority vote. Also, the totals do not include votes cast by someone not entitled to vote or improper multiple votes by a single member. Other related terms containing the word "majority" have their own meanings, which may sometimes be inconsistent in usage. In British English ,
224-451: Is called up at a meeting on another day. The expression "at least 50% +1" is often misused when "majority" is actually intended. However, this is incorrect when the total number referred to is odd. For example, say a board has 7 members. "Majority" means "at least 4" in this case (more than half of 7, which is 3.5). But 50% + 1 is 4.5, and since a number of people can only be integer, "at least 50% + 1" would mean "at least 5". An example of
252-563: Is increased to 72%. A " supermajority " is a specified threshold greater than one half. A common use of a supermajority is a " two-thirds vote ", which is sometimes referred to as a "two-thirds majority". The voting basis refers to the set of members considered when calculating whether a proposal has a majority, i.e. the denominator used in calculating the percent support for a vote. Common voting bases include: For example, assume that votes are cast for three people for an office: Alice, Bob, and Carol. In all three scenarios, Alice receives
280-631: Is made up by the President, the First Minister or Vice president, and the Ministers. Sessions of the council are called by the President, who chairs it, or, if absent, by the First Minister or Vice president. The mandatory quorum is half the Ministers and the chair. Decisions and resolutions are adopted by simple majority , and in case of tie, the vote cast by the President is tie-breaking. All decisions must be recorded in minutes drawn up by
308-431: Is more than half of a total. It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority. A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality , which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half
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#1732772463671336-576: Is not. Using Robert's Rules of Order , no one received a majority vote, which is the same as Scenario 2. In this case, the 4 votes for Carol are counted in the total, but are not credited to Carol (which precludes the possibility of an ineligible candidate being credited with receiving a majority vote). However, using The Standard Code , Alice received a majority vote since only votes for eligible candidates are counted. In this case, there are 16 votes for eligible candidates and Alice received more than half of those 16 votes. A temporary majority exists when
364-553: The Generalitat of Catalonia and its main collective decision-making body. It is responsible for the political action, regulation, and administration of the government of the autonomous region. The President of the Generalitat is the head of government . The president may also appoint a First Minister (Catalan: Conseller(a) primer(a) ) to serve as their deputy, although since 2006 the office has been replaced by that of
392-521: The Vice-President of the Generalitat of Catalonia , who must be approved by the Parliament of Catalonia . The various ministers (Catalan: consellers ) are also appointed by the President of the Generalitat. Ministers, who chair their respective departments, need not be deputies in the parliament, as they have an automatic right to intervene in parliamentary debates. The Executive Council
420-603: The Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Spain outside of Catalonia. The Parliament of Catalonia unilaterally issued a declaration of independence from Spain on 27 October 2017 in favour of a Catalan Republic. In response Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Parliament of Catalonia and called a snap regional election for 21 December 2017. Absolute majority A majority
448-655: The Secretary of the Government. Members are required to keep secret the deliberations taken and members' individual opinions and votes. Members may not release documents known by the Council until their official publication. Serving members of the government may not be arrested for any acts committed in Catalonia, except in flagrante delicto , and may only be judged before the High Court of Justice of Catalonia , or
476-415: The court jailed him he would not have been able to attend the investiture debate, scuppering his chances of becoming president. At the investiture vote held on 22 March 2018 Turull secured 64 votes ( JuntsxCat 33; ERC–CatSí 31) with 65 votes against ( Cs 36; PSC 17; CatComú–Podem 8; PP 4), four abstentions ( CUP–CC 4) and two absentees (JuntsxCat 1; ERC–CatSí 1). A second vote on Turull's candidature
504-465: The first-place finisher from the second-place finisher. A " double majority " is a voting system which requires a majority of votes according to two separate criteria. e.g. in the European Union, the Council uses a double majority rule, requiring 55% of member states, representing at least 65% of the total EU population in favor. In some cases, the required percentage of member states in favor
532-406: The inclusion of jailed/exiled politicians as provocative and refused to approve Torra's appointments or to revoke direct rule. Faced with this opposition Torra announced a new government on 29 May 2018 without the jailed/exiled politicians. In one of his last acts, ousted Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy ordered that direct rule be lifted as soon as the new ministers were sworn in. On 2 June 2018
560-446: The investiture of Puigdemont who faced arrest on charges rebellion, sedition and misuse of public funds if he returned to Spain. As a result Torrent announced on 30 January that Puigdemont's investiture vote would be postponed though he later insisted that Puigdemont "is and will be" the candidate for president. As the political impasse continued Puigdemont came under pressure to step aside. On 1 March 2018 Puigdemont announced that he
588-620: The new ministers were sworn in at the Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya , ending seven months of direct rule. Minister of Economy and Finance Spokesperson of the Government Executive Council of Catalonia Local The Executive Council of Catalonia ( Catalan : Consell Executiu ) or the Executive Government of Catalonia (Catalan: Govern de Catalunya ) is the executive branch of
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#1732772463671616-402: The positions of the members present and voting in a meeting of a deliberative assembly on a subject are not representative of the membership as a whole. Parliamentary procedure contains some provisions designed to protect against a temporary majority violating the rights of absentees. For instance, previous notice is typically required to rescind, repeal or annul something previously adopted by
644-494: The second vote was exactly the same as the first vote - 66 in favour, 65 against and four abstentions - and as a result Torra was elected the 131st President of Catalonia. King Felipe issued a royal decree on 15 May 2018 approving Torra's appointment and on 17 May 2018 he was sworn in. On 19 May 2018 Torra announced his new government of 13 ministers, two of whom were in jail (Josep Rull and Turull) and two were in exile (Comín and Lluís Puig ). The Spanish government condemned
672-446: The set. For example, if there is a group with 20 members which is divided into subgroups with 9, 6, and 5 members, then the 9-member group would be the plurality, but would not be a majority (as they have less than ten members). In parliamentary procedure , a majority always means precisely "more than half". Other common definitions (e.g. the frequent 50%+1) are incorrect. Depending on the parliamentary authority used, there may be
700-429: The so-called "plan D", to be president. At the investiture vote held on 12 May 2018 Torra secured 66 votes (JuntsxCat 34; ERC–CatSí 32) with 65 votes against (Cs 36; PSC 17; CatComú–Podem 8; PP 4) and four abstentions (CUP-CC 4), failing to achieve the 68 votes necessary for an absolute majority . As a result a second vote was held on 14 May 2018 at which he only needed a simple majority to become president. The result of
728-410: The term "size of a majority", "overall majority", or "working majority" is sometimes used to mean the difference between the number of legislators in the government and a simple majority of seats (half the seats, rounded up). This has led to some confusion and misuse of the terms "majority" or "relative majority" to mean what is correctly called the margin of victory , i.e. the number of votes separating
756-508: Was to be held on 24 March 2018 but on 23 March 2018 Llarena remanded in custody Turull and four other Catalan leaders. On 3 April 2018 and 24 April 2018 the Catalan Parliament's bureau approved the two absentee MPs - Puigdemont (JuntsxCat) and Antoni Comín (ERC–CatSí) - voting by proxy . Turull's investiture vote had set in motion a two month deadline for a new president to be sworn in or else parliament would be dissolved and elections called. On 10 May 2018 Puigdemont nominated Quim Torra ,
784-496: Was withdrawing his candidature in favour of jailed independence activist Jordi Sànchez . However, on 9 March 2018 Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena refused permission for Sànchez to leave prison in order to attend the investiture debate. Sànchez ended his candidature on 21 March 2018. The secessionists hastily nominated Jordi Turull to be president. Turull was due to appear before the Supreme Court on 23 March 2018 and if
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