Tōsandō ( 東山道 , literally, "eastern mountain circuit " or "eastern mountain region ") is a Japanese geographical term. It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. It is part of the Gokishichidō system. It was situated along the central mountains of northern Honshu , specifically the Tōhoku region .
5-503: This term also refers to a series of roads that connected the capitals ( 国府 , kokufu ) of each of the provinces that made up the region. The Tōsandō region encompasses eight ancient provinces. After 711 AD, Tōsandō was understood to include the Musashi province . Kokufu Kokufu ( 国府 ) were the capitals of the historical Provinces of Japan from the Nara period to
10-605: The Heian period . As part of the Taika Reform (645), which aimed at a centralization of the administration following the Chinese model ( ritsuryō ), the kokufu and with it the office of the kokushi , replacing the older Kuni no miyatsuko , developed in the 660s. The Wamyō Ruijushō (Collection of Japanese Names) from 935 contains the earliest listing of the capitals of the provinces and their location. The location of
15-524: The kokufu followed that of the Capital of Japan , first Fujiwara-kyō and then Heijō-kyō , which in turn were modelled on the Tang capital Chang'an . However, with exception of Dazaifu , which held a special and diplomatic position, these capitals were relatively small. For instance, the capital of Suō Province occupied an area of 1 km², that of Bizen Province 850 m×850 m. Inside or near
20-456: The official building complex of the kokushi, known as kokuchō ( 国庁 ) . In the periphery there was the provincial school ( kokugaku ), the garrison and storehouses for taxes which were paid in kind. When the shugo replaced the kokushi, their administration, the shugosho ( 守護所 ) was occasionally found in or near the buildings of the kokuga. In these cases, their administration was also referred to as Fuchū ( 府中 ) . With their square layout,
25-537: The original capitals of the 8th and 9th century are not passed down. When during the Muromachi Period , starting in the 14th century, the functions of the kokushi were increasingly transferred to military governors or constables ( shugo ), the provincial governments ( kokuga ) lost their importance. In the center of the kokufu lay the provincial government ( kokuga ) with its offices (administration, farming, finance, police and military, adjudication) and
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