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42-656: Tatton Park is a historic estate in Cheshire , England, north of the town of Knutsford . It contains a mansion, Tatton Hall ; a medieval manor house , Tatton Old Hall ; Tatton Park Gardens , a farm and a deer park of 2,000 acres (8.1 km). It is a popular visitor attraction and hosts over a hundred events annually. The estate is owned by the National Trust and is managed under lease by Cheshire East Council . Since 1999, it has hosted North West England 's annual Royal Horticultural Society flower show. There

84-823: A housing estate or industrial estate . Large country estates were traditionally found in New York's Long Island , and Westchester County , the Philadelphia Main Line , Maine's Bar Harbor on Mount Desert Island , and other affluent East Coast enclaves; and the San Francisco Bay Area , early Beverly Hills, California , Montecito, California , Santa Barbara, California and other affluent West Coast enclaves. All these regions had strong traditions of large agricultural, grazing, and productive estates modeled on those in Europe. However, by

126-406: A pediment surmounted by heavy acroteria . The archway is semicircular with voussoirs and a scrolled keystone . The outer arches are simple. Rostherne Lodge to the west has a hexastyle Greek Doric portico . Above this is a full entablature with triglyphs and guttae below. The pediment is plain. The lodge was designed in 1833 by James Hakewill . Tatton Hall is listed at Grade I, and

168-418: A 99-year lease in place of an endowment to ensure that it was preserved for the benefit of the nation. The Trust's ownership (run now by Cheshire East Council) is some 2,000 acres (8.1 km) (3.1 sq.miles). The Hall and Park have been developed into a visitor attraction on an increasingly commercial basis. The gardens lie to the south of the hall and consist of formal and more natural gardens. Immediately to

210-559: A Grade II listed building . At the end of the 17th century the estate was owned by John Egerton, Sir Thomas' grandson, who built a new house on the site of the present mansion, some 0.75 miles (1 km) to the west of the Old Hall. Work was completed around 1716. From 1758 improvements were made to the house and between the 1770s and 1816 most of it was replaced by the present neoclassical mansion, designed by Samuel Wyatt and his nephew Lewis William Wyatt . Further additions to

252-597: A long snout , a slightly dished or concave profile, and prick ears. The coat is long, fine and straight and of a ginger or red-gold colour, preferably without black hair; the skin is flesh-coloured and should carry no black spots. Tamworths are considered a medium-sized porcine breed; a full-grown boar ranges from 250 to 370 kg (550 to 820 lb) and a full-grown sow ranges from 200 to 300 kg (440 to 660 lb). The adult length ranges from 100 to 140 cm (39 to 55 in), and heights of about 50 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in) are common. The curled adult tail

294-477: A major role in the training of all allied paratroops by No.1 Parachute Training School RAF based at nearby RAF Ringway . On 6 July 1940, Squadron Leader Louis Strange approached his pre-World War I fellow aviator and friend Maurice Egerton to ask for his co-operation in granting permission for the Royal Air Force to use his estate for this most important wartime purpose. Lord Egerton readily agreed to

336-637: A wild jungle pig ( Sus scrofa cristatus ) brought from India by Sir Francis Lawley ; that it derived from Irish pigs known as 'Irish Grazers', brought to Drayton Manor in Drayton Bassett by Sir Robert Peel ; that Peel had not used these, but a boar brought from the West Indies; or that the colour was due to a West African Guinea Hog descended from pigs from Portugal, or to a red pig imported in about 1750 from Barbados. The colour may have been fixed by selective breeding alone. The Tamworth

378-425: Is Knutsford Lodge. This dates from 1810 and was designed by Lewis Wyatt. It consists of a triple gateway constructed of ashlar stone with a large central arch and smaller flanking arches, each with cast-iron gates, and a single-storey lodge to the west. The lodge is also constructed of ashlar with a slate roof. Flanking the central arch are Doric columns carrying an entablature with a triglyph frieze , and

420-420: Is about 24 to 30 cm (9.4 to 12 in). These pigs have characteristically long necks and legs, deep sides, and narrow backs. Their ham structures are quite muscular and firm. The breed is known for having an excellent foot structure and a good skeletal system. Litter sizes are typically somewhat smaller than those of commercial breeds. Unacceptable features, according to breed aficionados, are: curly hair,

462-465: Is evidence of human habitation in the area of the estate going back to the Iron Age . The village of Tatton existed in medieval times. The settlement is now a Deserted medieval village but its buildings and roadways – which are now a scheduled monument – can still be seen as imprints within the estate's parkland. By the end of the 15th century, the land on which the estate was created was owned by

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504-599: Is located at the far edge of the dropping zone, about 0.6 miles (970 m) to the NW of the hall. The estate remained in the ownership of the Egerton family until the last Lord Egerton died without issue in 1958. In his will, the last Lord Egerton left the house to the National Trust and gave them the park in lieu of death duties. However, as the estate itself was sold by his executors, Cheshire County Council committed to

546-560: Is one of seven British pig breeds listed by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as 'priority', the highest level of concern of the trust. The origins of the Tamworth are not known. It appears to have originated shortly before or after 1800 near the town of Tamworth in south-eastern Staffordshire , close to Warwickshire border. There are many theories of the origin of its unusual red colouration: that it derived from

588-530: The Stanley family who built and occupied what became known as the Old Hall. By the 1580s this building had been enlarged and it was owned by the Brereton family. In 1598 the estate was bought by Sir Thomas Egerton , Lord Chancellor of England, from his half sister Dorothy Brereton. Sir Thomas and his children rarely visited the estate and it was loaned to tenants. The hall was originally timber-framed , which

630-444: The 1930s when electricity replaced steam to operate the farm machinery. It is now open as a visitor attraction and contains a variety of farm animals. The farm takes an interest in caring for and breeding rare breeds of farm animals, including Tamworth pigs , Red Poll cows and Leicester Longwool sheep. In 2007 the farm received accreditation by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust . During World War II Lord Egerton's parkland played

672-719: The Broad Walk lies the Japanese Garden which was constructed in the 1910s. This contains structures such as a Shinto shrine, a tea house and a bridge over the Golden Brook. The plants, rocks and stones in the garden are arranged to give a natural balance and a mound has been built to resemble Mount Fuji . The garden had become overgrown and it was restored to its former state in the early 2000s. The parkland consists of 2,000 acres (8.1 km) of landscaped deer park , 1,000 acres (4.0 km) of which are open to

714-984: The Broad Walk, which stretches towards the south, ending in the Monument, which is a copy of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens . The gardens include Charlotte's Garden, the Topiary, the Rose Garden, the Tower Garden, the Maze and the Leech Pool. At the southwest extremity of the gardens is the Arboretum which contains 880 plants of 281 species. Between the Arboretum and the south end of

756-407: The Egerton family, and in addition paintings by Canaletto , Poussin , Chardin , Van Dyck , Vasari , and many others. The Library contains first editions of two novels by Jane Austen . One room is dedicated to a collection of items from around the world assembled by the last owner of the house, Maurice Egerton. In the family wing are the servants' quarters. These include rooms containing much of

798-575: The Norman era, hunting had always been a popular pastime with the British royalty and nobility, and dating from the medieval era, land was parcelled off and put aside for the leisurely pursuits of hunting. These originated as royal forests and chase land, eventually evolving into deer parks , or sometimes into the Royal Parks if owned by the royal family. The ownership of these estates for hunting

840-666: The Old Hall is listed at Grade II*. Knutsford Lodge Gateway and Gates are also listed at Grade II*, while Rostherne Lodge is listed at Grade II. A number of items in the gardens and grounds are listed at Grade II, namely the Upper Terrace Wall, the flight of steps between the Intermediate and Lower Terraces, the wall and balustrade of the Lower Terrace, the walls of the Service Court,

882-683: The UK, the USA , and Canada. Farmers in each country much favour other pigs in quantity. From 1913 to mid-century, the breed reached peak numbers in Canada, reaching up to 10% of total swine. In Australia, the breed reached peak numbers of about 1000 in the mid-20th century. In New Zealand there were five breeding sows in 2002; in 2021 it was listed as "priority" by the Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand . The Tamworth has

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924-406: The balloons, the trainees then boarded aircraft at Ringway for the short flight to overhead Tatton Park, where they jumped in batches of ten, and later twenty, from approximately 800 feet. Some trainees requested 'drops' into Tatton Mere or into the parkland's trees to further prepare them for active operations. A free-standing stone memorial to Tatton Park's major wartime role in parachute training

966-531: The country houses were destroyed , or land was parcelled off to be sold. An urban example of the use of the term estate is presented by the "great estates" in Central London such as the Grosvenor and Portman , which continue to generate significant income through rent. Sometimes London streets are named after the rural estates of aristocratic landowners, such as in the case of Wimpole Street . From

1008-519: The equipment and many of the utensils used to serve the family. The hall is a member of the Historic Houses Association . This mansion, Tatton Hall, was extensively altered and extended between 1780 and 1813. In 1795 the estate covered 251,000 acres (1,020 km) (392 sq.miles). To the north of the mansion is Home Farm, which provided food and building services for the estate. It has been maintained to look much as it did in

1050-449: The gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house , mansion , palace or castle . It is the modern term for a manor , but lacks a manor's now-abolished jurisdiction. The "estate" formed an economic system where the profits from its produce and rents (of housing or agricultural land) sustained the main household, formerly known as the manor house . Thus, "the estate" may refer to all other cottages and villages in

1092-493: The hall and gardens can be hired for celebrations, weddings, and for conferences and meetings. Bibliography 53°19′50″N 2°23′01″W  /  53.3306°N 2.38356°W  / 53.3306; -2.38356 Estate (house) In the United Kingdom , historically an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, tenanted buildings, and natural resources (such as woodland) that surround

1134-430: The house were made in 1861–62 and in 1884. During the late 19th century large house parties were held in the hall, some of them attended by British and foreign royalty. The mansion contains much of the furniture made for its occupants by the family firm Gillows of Lancaster . There are over 150 provenanced or marked Gillow examples. Also in the hall is a large collection of paintings, many of them being portraits of

1176-566: The late 1940s and early 1950s, many of these estates had been demolished and subdivided , in some cases resulting in suburban villages named for the former owners, as in Baxter Estates, New York . An important distinction between the United States and England is that "American country estates, unlike English ones, rarely, if ever, supported the house." American estates have always been about "the pleasures of land ownership and

1218-466: The money for their improvement and maintenance usually comes from fortunes earned in other economic sectors besides agriculture. They are distinguished from ordinary middle-class American houses by sheer size, as well as their landscaping, gardens, outbuildings, and most importantly, recreational structures (e.g., tennis courts and swimming pools). This usage is the predominant connotation of "estate" in contemporary American English (when not preceded by

1260-457: The opportunity to enjoy active, outdoor pursuits ." Although some American estates included farms, they were always in support of the larger recreational purpose. Today, large houses on lots of at least several acres in size are often referred to as "estates", in a contemporary updating of the word's usage. Most contemporary American estates are not large enough to include significant amounts of self-supporting productive agricultural land, and

1302-537: The park, Hebridean sheep and Soay sheep . Visitor activities pursued in the park include walking, cycling (cycles are available to hire), horse riding, sailing and fishing. Near the main car park is a children's adventure playground. The parkland is listed as Grade II* in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England . Around the park are three lodges. To the south leading to Knutsford

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1344-554: The pool wall and Triton Fountain in the Lower Terrace, and the Eastern and Western Vases on the Lower Terrace. A programme of events is organised in the hall, garden and parkland. These include the annual RHS Show Tatton Park arranged by the Royal Horticultural Society , car shows, concerts, courses and craft and antique fairs. Tatton Park is also home to one of the seven national Foodies Festivals. Parts of

1386-475: The proposal and the first live test jumps from aircraft were made on 13 July by RAF parachuting instructors. Between 1940 and early 1946, approximately 60,000 trainees from the United Kingdom and several European countries, including Special agents made their first training drops from cages suspended from Barrage balloons over an open area to the northwest of the hall. After their initial drops from

1428-536: The public. Much of the design of the park was inspired by the ideas of Humphrey Repton . In the park are two meres; the larger, Tatton Mere, is natural but the other, Melchett Mere, is the consequence of subsidence in the 1920s. The meres are Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Ramsar sites. The deer park was created by a royal charter in 1290 and deer have been present since then. The two species present are red deer and fallow deer of which there are 400 breeding stock. Two rare species of sheep graze in

1470-528: The same ownership as the mansion itself, covering more than one former manor. Examples of such great estates are Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire , England, and Blenheim Palace , in Oxfordshire , England, built to replace the former manor house of Woodstock. Before the 1870s, these estates often encompassed several thousand acres, generally consisting of several farms let to tenants ; the great house

1512-598: The southeast of the hall is the Italian Garden, a formal garden on two terraces , containing a statue of Neptune as its centrepiece. This garden was designed by Joseph Paxton and laid out by Edward Milner in 1847. After modifications over the years it was restored to its original design in 1986. The present public entrance to the gardens from the stable yard leads into the Walled Garden which contains various buildings, including glasshouses . This garden

1554-486: The word "real" ), which is why "industrial estate" sounds like an oxymoron to Americans, as few wealthy persons would deliberately choose to live next to factories. Traditional American estates include: Tamworth pig The Tamworth is a British breed of domestic pig . It is the only red-coloured British pig. Its origins are unknown, but it appears to have developed near the town of Tamworth in south-eastern Staffordshire , close to Warwickshire border. It

1596-472: Was in practice strictly restricted until the 19th century when legal changes to game hunting meant the nobility, gentry and other wealthy families could purchase land for the purposes of hunting. At the administrative centre of these sporting estates is usually a sporting lodge . These are also often known as shooting or hunting estates. In modern British English , the term "estate" has been generalised to any large parcel of land under single ownership, such as

1638-587: Was recognised as a breed in 1865 and entered at the Royal Show in that year. A herd-book was started in 1885, and a breed society , the Tamworth Incorporated Pig Breeders Association, was formed in 1906. Tamworths were imported into the United States by Thomas Bennett of Rossville, Illinois , in 1882. Soon they entered Canada where they have also endured. Breed associations for Tamworth swine are active in

1680-750: Was restored in the 2000s, and grows varieties of fruit and vegetables which were grown at Tatton in the Edwardian era . To the east of the Kitchen Garden are the Conservatory (previously often known as the Orangery), the Fernery and the Showhouse. Beyond the Kitchen Garden are the "Pleasure Gardens" which were used for the family's enjoyment rather than for utility. These lie on each side of

1722-478: Was subsequently replaced by brick. It is L-shaped, in two storeys. The floors that had been inserted into the older wing have been removed, revealing the complex wooden roof. The Old Hall stands in grounds surrounded by a wall. Within these grounds is a reconstructed cruck barn. It is timber-framed with brick infill and has a thatched roof. Most of the timber has come from a demolished barn at Clotton Hoofield . The barn has been designated by English Heritage as

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1764-473: Was supplied with food from its own home farm (for meat and dairy) and a kitchen garden (for fruit and vegetables). A dower house may have been present on the estate to allow the widow of the former owner her own accommodation and household when moved out the primary house on the estate. The agricultural depression from the 1870s onwards and the decline of servants meant that the large rural estates declined in social and economic significance, and many of

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