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31-418: Tavastia or Tavastland may refer to: Häme (Swedish: Tavastland , Latin: Tavastia ) Tavastia (historical province) , a historical territory of Tavastians, later province of the kingdom of Sweden, located in modern-day Finland Tavastia (constituency) , formerly Tavastia South, Finland Tavastia Proper , a modern region of Finland Päijänne Tavastia ,

62-645: A great army, and Norwegians and Finns and Tavastians with ships in great numbers, Swedes with their prince and bishops, and they stayed on the Neva , at the mouth of the Izhora , willing to take Ladoga , and then Novgorod and all of its lands. But still protected the merciful, man-loving God us and sheltered us from the foreign people, and the word came to Novgorod that Swedes were sailing to Ladoga; but prince Alexander did not hesitate at all, but went against them with Novgorodians and people of Ladoga and overcame them with

93-486: A modern region of Finland Tavastia Club , a rock music club in Helsinki, Finland MV Tavastland , a ship See also [ edit ] Hämeenmaa (disambiguation) Tavastians , people from Tavastia Tavastum Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tavastia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

124-607: A recent book aimed at a wide readership, that the Swedish expedition may have been an indirect result of the papal letter in 1237 that was sent to the Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala . The letter eloquently called for a crusade, not against Novgorod, but against Tavastians in Finland , who had allegedly started hostilities against the church. In his defunct position, the king may not have been willing or able to act, but

155-521: Is called Häme region and it is located in the southwestern section of the historical Tavastia province. The Tavastians are mentioned for the first time in a Viking Age runestone , which is located in present-day Gävle, Sweden ( Gs 13 ). At that time, Tavastia extended 'from salt sea to salt sea,' encompassing the inhabited Southwest Finland of the Finns in its curve. Numerous prehistoric weapons, like Ulfberht swords , and hillforts have been unearthed in

186-550: Is in Central Finland . As this area was settled only at the time of the replacement of the old provincial system with the county system , the ancient provincial boundary is uncertain in this area. The same applies to the northwestern border with Satakunta, which is located in Pirkanmaa . As a result of the original pattern of settlement, the inhabited areas are located around the waterways, fields encircling especially

217-650: Is mentioned only in Russian sources, and it remains unclear whether it was a major invasion or a small-scale raid. In Russian historiography, it has become an event of massive scale and importance. Pope Honorius III (1216–1227) received a number of petitions regarding new Baltic crusades, mainly concerning Prussia and Livonia but also a report from the Swedish Archbishop concerning difficulties with their mission in Finland. At that time, Honorius responded to

248-516: The Stone Age . Northern Tavastia was for a long time a wilderness inhabited by Sami hunter-gatherers and frequented also by Finnish hunters. Only during the late Middle Ages was agriculture slowly introduced to the northern parts of the province. In the 19th century, the growth of the forest industry started to bring new wealth to the area. The waterways of Näsijärvi and Vanajavesi provided easy transport for timber. The most notable centres of

279-557: The folkung party, and the king, who was assisted by the church. Folkungs, who were mainly from Uppland , stoutly resisted the centralization of power, taxation of the Swedes of Uppland , and church privileges. They had temporarily succeeded in deposing the king in 1229, but were forced to give in five years later, but were far from defeated yet. Uppland remained largely independent of the king, and its northern areas continued to be in folkung hands. An uneasy truce continued until 1247, when

310-518: The Ice . Despite the victories there were no Novgorodian advances further west to Finland or Estonia. There is no reference to a battle of the Neva in Swedish sources. After the death of King John in 1222, Sweden was in a de facto state of civil war until 1248 when Birger Jarl managed to seize power in the kingdom. Unrest was due to the struggle between those who wanted to keep the old tribal structure,

341-622: The Karelians had been allies and tributaries of Novgorod since the mid-12th century. After a successful campaign into Tavastia , the Swedes advanced further east until they were stopped by a Novgorodian army led by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich . Novgorod fought against the crusade for economic reasons, to protect their monopoly of the Karelian fur trade. The existence of the battle is known only from Russian sources. The first source to mention

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372-719: The Neva Novgorod Republic Kingdom of Sweden The Battle of the Neva ( Russian : Невская битва , romanized :  Nevskaya bitva ; Swedish : slaget vid Neva ; Finnish : Nevan taistelu ) was fought between the Novgorod Republic , along with Karelians , and the Kingdom of Sweden , including Norwegian , Finnish and Tavastian forces, on the Neva River , near the settlement of Ust-Izhora , on 15 July 1240. The battle

403-742: The Swedes during the Battle of the Neva in July 1240 and received the sobriquet Nevsky for his victory in the battle. The construction of the Häme Castle began in the 1260s, on the orders of Birger Jarl . It was to be the centre of the three Slottslänen - "castle fiefs, castle counties", sg. Slottslän - the other two being the castle of Turku ( Swedish : Åbo ) in Finland Proper and Viipuri ( Swedish : Viborg ) castle in Karelia . After

434-460: The Swedish archbishop only by declaring an embargo against trade with pagans in the region; it is not known if the Swedes requested further help for the moment. In 1237, the Swedes received papal authorization to launch a crusade , and in 1240, new campaigns began in the easternmost part of the Baltic region. The Finnish mission's eastward expansion led to a clash between Sweden and Novgorod, since

465-490: The Swedish army was already under the command of the very young Birger Jarl, eight years before his appointment to the position of jarl . It has also been suggested that the suspicious information on Norwegians', Finns' and Tavastians' participation was made up in the 14th century, the time of writing of the First Novgorod Chronicle, when Sweden was in control of Norway, Finland and Tavastia. All in all,

496-643: The Tavastia region, indicative of its rich historical significance. The worldview of the Tavastians has been shaped by Finnish mythology . The prehistoric era of Tavastia can be said to end with the Second Swedish Crusade in 1239 or 1249, when it became part of Sweden . After the successful campaign into Tavastia, the Swedes advanced further east until they were stopped by a Novgorodian army led by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich , who defeated

527-490: The battle is the Novgorod First Chronicle from the 14th century. According to the chronicle, on receiving the news of the advancing Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish and Tavastian fleets, the 20-year-old Prince Alexander Yaroslavich of Novgorod quickly moved his small army and local men to face the enemy before they had reached Lake Ladoga . The chronicle described the battle as follows: "Swedes came with

558-673: The bodies of high-born men, they let them sail to the sea; but the others, that were unnumbered, they cast to a pit, that they buried, and many others were wounded; and that same night they fled, without waiting for the Monday light, with shame. Of Novgorodians there fell: Konstantin Lugotinitch, Gyuryata Pinyashchinich, Namest, Drochilo Nezdylov son of the tanner, but including the people of Ladoga 20 men or less, God knows. But prince Alexander came back home with Novgorodians and people of Ladoga, all well, protected by God and Saint Sophia and all

589-521: The folkung rebellion was put to an end at the Battle of Sparrsätra and its leader beheaded a year later. Furthermore, the official Sweden was on the brink of war with Norway ever since the Norwegians' infamous Värmland expedition in 1225. Relations improved only after the Treaty of Lödöse in 1249, which was forged by the newly empowered Birger Jarl. Before the treaty, Norway remained an ally of

620-455: The folkungs, giving them refuge and providing men and arms. In this situation, it seems unlikely that Sweden could have been able to organize a major expedition against Novgorod. Swedes are not known to have carried out any other military campaigns between 1222 and 1249, making the claims about their forceful appearance at the Neva with Norwegians as their allies seem questionable. Taking these facts into consideration, it has been suggested in

651-606: The help of Saint Sophia and through prayers of our lady, the Mother of God and Virgin Mary , 15 July, in the memory of Kirik and Ulita , on Sunday, (the same day that) the 630 holy fathers held a meeting in Chalcedon ; and there was a great gathering of the Swedes; and their leader called Spiridon was killed there; but some claimed that even the bishop was slain; and a great number of them fell; and when they had loaded two ships with

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682-407: The largest lakes. The lakes are navigable but the rapids of Kymijoki and Kokemäenjoki restrict navigation to the sea. Similarly, the lakes form three separate navigable areas. Lake Näsijärvi can be navigated for over 100 kilometers north of Tampere , while the lakes Pyhäjärvi , Vanajavesi and Roine have been connected by canals since the 19th century, forming another significant waterway. On

713-479: The letter may have provided the frustrated folkungs an opportunity to regain part of their Viking Age glory. Mostly free to act without interference from the king, folkungs would have been able to raise an army of their own , get volunteers from Norway and even assistance from Thomas , the independent Bishop of Finland , who needed to constantly worry about attacks from the east . Instead of Tavastia, this mixed set of interests and nationalities would have headed for

744-446: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tavastia&oldid=1209168726 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tavastia (historical province) From 1997 to 2010 Tavastia

775-606: The more lucrative Neva and there met its fate at the hands of Alexander. In the possible aftermath of the said battle, the King of Norway approached his Swedish counterpart for peace talks in 1241, but was turned down at the time. However, some recent research has fundamentally questioned the importance of the battle, seeing it as an ordinary border skirmish that was exaggerated for political purposes, thus also explaining its absence from Swedish and other western sources. Additional theories are numerous. Some historians have suggested that

806-569: The other hand, Lake Päijänne , the second largest lake in Finland, connects Lahti and Päijänne Tavastia to Central Finland and Jyväskylä . Arms granted at the burial of Gustav I of Sweden in 1560. The arms are crowned by a ducal coronet, though by Finnish tradition this more resembles a Swedish count's coronet. Blazon: "Gules, a lynx passant or, ear tufts sable; in chief three mullets of six, in base four roses, all argent". 62°10′12″N 24°33′56″E  /  62.1700°N 24.5656°E  / 62.1700; 24.5656 Battle of

837-443: The paper industry were, and still are, Mänttä and Valkeakoski . The most notable industrial center in historical Tavastia, however, is Tampere , where a number of large textile mills and metal factories have been operating since the early 19th century. Western Tavastia extends over both sides of the great Kokemäenjoki drainage basin . In Eastern Tavastia, the regions of Päijänne Tavastia and Central Finland are located around

868-511: The peace Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323 the castle lost some of its importance as a defence against the East but remained an administrative centre. When Finland was ceded to Russia in September 1809, the province ceased to be a part of Sweden. The provinces have no administrative function today but live on as a historical legacy in both Finland and Sweden. The province has been inhabited since

899-475: The prayers of the holy men." A 16th-century version of the battle gave plenty of additional details, expanding the conflict to biblical proportions, but otherwise following the earlier described developments. Prince Alexander Yaroslavich was nicknamed "Nevsky" (of Neva) after his first significant victory. Two years later Alexander stalled an invasion of the Livonian Knights during the Battle on

930-474: The shores of Lake Päijänne . The Southern borders of the province roughly follow the Salpausselkä ridge. The Southern parts of the province consist of plains intermixed with fields and forests. Towards the north, the land gradually rises and becomes more hilly. At the same time, the proportion of cultivated land decreases, and forest and heath become increasingly dominant. The northern boundary of Tavastia

961-518: Was divided between the administrative provinces of Southern Finland and Western Finland . However, these provinces have been abolished, and Tavastia is now divided among five regions of Finland : mainly Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia and Central Finland with smaller parts in Pirkanmaa and Kymenlaakso . Tavastia is the Latin name for the Tavastia Proper. Today the area

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