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104-464: Tayug is an agricultural municipality producing commercial crops, livestock, and poultry. The town of Tayug got its unique name not from people who were influential or from name of saints but from a very tall tree that once grew in the heart of the town which is believed to be a bakaiau or bacáyao tree ( Madhuca betis (Blanco) ), an indigenous fruit tree in the Philippines. It was so tall that

208-410: A 12-8 MW diesel power plant and a 10-MW solar power plant, respectively. Major telecommunication companies like Globe Telecom, PLDT-Smart Communications, and Dito Telecommunity have also their respective infrastructures and business offices in the city. Local TV and Radio Stations, such as the city's main local channel CabTV 16 and radio broadcast channel, Big Sound FM 101.5, are also present. The city

312-444: A Barrio of Gapan in 1750 and became a Municipality and capital of La Provincia de Nueva Ecija in 1780. Majority of the original settlers of Cabanatuan were Tagalogs from Bulacan and Morong (Rizal Province); other early settlers came from Ilocos, Pampanga and Tayabas (now Quezon Province ). Tagalogs settled the barrios on the western part while the vicinity around Sangitan was the settlement of Kapampangans and Ilocanos. Cabanatuan

416-422: A campaign that lasted from January until August 1945. In 1957, the barrios of Mataas na Kahoy, Balangkare Norte, Balangkare Sur, Sapang Kawayan, Magasawang Sampaloc, Talabutab Norte, Talabutab Sur, Platero, Belen, Pecaleon, Piñahan, Kabulihan, Pasong-Hari, Balaring, Pulong Singkamas, Panaksak, Bravo, Sapang Bato, Burol, Miller, Tila Patio, Pula, Carinay, and Acacia were separated from Cabanatuan and constituted into

520-484: A date for the conduct of a plebiscite in which only registered voters of Cabanatuan would be allowed to vote. The province-wide plebiscite was rescheduled for November 8, 2014, but cancelled again because the Cabanatuan City government could not provide the necessary funds. No new date is to be set until the city government certifies that ₱ 101 million is available for the holding of the plebiscite. Cabanatuan

624-555: A land-based trade system. Their idea for establishing this depended on something they were masters at: building railways. The American colonial government thought a railway could help boost Nueva Ecija's economic growth, in the same way that the US railway system helped unite and develop the economy of the North American continent. What made the railway project attractive was that it was less expensive than building roads. At first run by

728-437: A major shopping hub in the province and other nearby localities. Major Philippine mall chains such as Robinsons Malls, SM Supermalls, Walter Mart, and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have established their presence in the city. Currently, major shopping centers in the city include: NE Pacific Mall ; SM Megacenter ; Robinsons Townville Cabanatuan ; SM City Cabanatuan which is built as a regional SM Supermall with amenities such as

832-487: A melting pot of cultures and influences, the results of which are still evident in present-day Novo Ecijano culture. As the tobacco monopoly fuelled further unrest, Spain finally abolished the monopoly on December 3, 1882. It was only then that they could all once again grow rice for food. One distinct feature of the 1896 revolution against Spain in Nueva Ecija was that it was led by the elite, ruling class instead of

936-590: A million. Although Cabanatuan does not have significant manufacturing industries, its dynamic service and agricultural sectors drive the economy forward. The city is a vital financial center housing a good number of banks, non-bank financial institutions, and headquarters of some of the largest rural banks in Central Luzon. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) maintains a branch in the city that performs cash operations and cash administration. As of June 2018 , approximately 43 billion pesos in deposit liabilities

1040-520: A new beginning for Nueva Ecija and its people. Commercial, interprovincial trade was carried out using the Rio Grande de Pampanga as main waterway, with trade outposts in San Isidro and Talipapa. Traders from Bulacan , Tondo and Manila regularly came to Nueva Ecija to carry back rice, palay, tobacco, sugar, corn and livestock. Americans, however, wanted to shift from water-borne trade to

1144-742: A population of 9,165 in 1845, the annexation of new territories three years later pegged the population at 69,135. In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela , as well as Baler, Casiguran, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, and part of Rizal. Other changes occurred in the following years until, in 1901, Nueva Ecija's northern municipalities of Balungao , Rosales , San Quintin and Umingan were annexed to Pangasinan . Nueva Ecija's shifting political boundaries in fact necessitated transferring its provincial capital four times. Still, these changes proved ultimately beneficial to Nueva Ecija, as they resulted in

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1248-821: A private company, the US colonial government took over the ownership and management of the railway system by 1917. The Americans were soon proven right: trade conducted through the railways boosted Nueva Ecija's income by 25% while transport costs went down by 25% to as much as 75%. With the train able to transport more goods and more people at a cheaper rate, the railway helped spark a rice boom in Gapan , San Isidro , Cabanatuan , Santa Rosa and Penaranda . Farmers could devote more land to growing rice and even secondary crops like onions and watermelons. More rice mills, farmers and farmer settlers came to Nueva Ecija. By 1936, there were 42 rice mills in Nueva Ecija, owned mostly by Chinese. The agriculture-based economic boom brought about by

1352-473: A roof park, an indoor park, and a large-screen cinema; AllHome , and Waltermart . Cabanatuan has also multiple grocery and department stores including a chain of Savemore Supermarkets, Puregold Supermarkets, NE Supermarkets, and the warehouse club store, S&R. The city has also numerous hardware centers like Ace Hardware, Citi Hardware, and Wilcon Depot. In terms of future developments, Robinsons Land Corp. previously expressed plans for their second mall in

1456-441: A separate and independent municipality known as General Mamerto Natividad . Cabanatuan became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 526, approved on June 16, 1950. In 1965, Congress created Palayan City, and transferred the capital of Nueva Ecija from Cabanatuan to the newly created city of Palayan. In 1998, Cabanatuan was declared by then-president Fidel V. Ramos as a highly urbanized city however it failed ratification after

1560-527: A strong voter base in the city, opposed the conversion and submitted a petition to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order on January 24, 2014. On April 23, 2014, voting 9–5–1, the Supreme Court granted a petition for certiorari filed by Nueva Ecija Gov. Aurelio Umali and declared as null and void Comelec Minute Resolution No. 12-0797 dated September 11, 2012, and Minute Resolution No. 12-0925 dated October 16, 2012, setting

1664-652: A territory with rich land resources nourished by an excellent river system composed of the Pampanga , Talavera and Penaranda rivers. This would help lay the foundation for Nueva Ecija's abundant agricultural economy starting with the American Occupation in the early 20th century. Maintaining the Philippines as a colony became a challenge for the Spanish Empire . Expenses incurred in running

1768-469: Is a 1st class component city in the province of Nueva Ecija , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 327,325 people, making it the most populous city in Nueva Ecija and the fifth-most populous in Central Luzon . The city is popular for being home to more than 30,000 motorized tricycles , making it the "Tricycle Capital of the Philippines." Its strategic location along

1872-494: Is also a distribution and logistics center for goods and commodities; a number of distribution warehouses and sales offices of various companies serve the whole of Nueva Ecija and parts of neighboring provinces. The NFA warehouses in the city play an important role in regulating Nueva Ecija's burgeoning rice industry. The city acts as a trading place or bagsakan of agricultural produce from the surrounding farming communities. Indicators reflect Cabanatuan's economic achievements in

1976-476: Is bordered by Santa Rosa to the south, Talavera and Gen. Mamerto Natividad to the north, Palayan to the north east, Laur to the east, and Aliaga to the west. Cabanatuan has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen climate classification : Aw ), with year-round warm weather and distinct dry and wet seasons. It is touted as one of the hottest cities in the country; in the summer season of 2011 Cabanatuan reached its hottest temperature at 39.8 °C, also

2080-488: Is divided into two seasons, the wet and dry season. The months of June to October are generally termed as the wet season, characterized by rainy days and occasional typhoons, while the days during the dry season of November to May are relatively hot and dry period. In the 2020 census, Tayug had a population of 45,241. The population density was 883 inhabitants per square kilometer. Poverty incidence of Tayug Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Tayug, belonging to

2184-602: Is kept in the city's 65 banks. This amount constitutes more than half of the province's deposits. In terms of banking convenience, the city ranks as one of the most livable in the country together with Makati . Most of the water supply of the city is provided for by the Cabanatuan City Water District (CCWD), founded in 1974 through a resolution enacted by the Honorable City Council of Cabanatuan, pursuant to PD 198. In recent years,

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2288-499: Is seeking to have a share of the IT-BPO boom. The first call center in Nueva Ecija was successfully established in the city in 2008. The city government is providing prospective investors with fast business applications processing, low business taxes, and other incentives to attract big-ticket projects. In 2015, the city's total assets amounted to PHP 3.719 billion and the total income reached PHP 1.696 billion. Cabanatuan serves as

2392-538: Is situated at the intersection of Pangasinan-Nueva Vizcaya Road and Tayug-San Quintin Road, symbolizing the historical significance of the revolt. Amid World War II, the town spearheaded a guerrilla assault against the Japanese Imperial Army, marking one of the earliest instances of resistance in the nation. Under the leadership of Lieutenant Severino Antiporda, they successfully expelled the invaders from

2496-456: Is the 1896 revolutionary battle led by General Mariano Llanera , manned and assisted by General Manuel Tinio and Pantaleon Valmonte of Gapan , Nueva Ecija and Colonel Alipio Tecson of Cabiao , Nueva Ecija who later on became Brigadaire General. The battle was fought in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. Alipio Tecson would eventually become Gobernadorcillo of Cabiao , Nueva Ecija. History records how

2600-468: Is the largest local government unit (LGU). Nueva Ecija borders, from the south clockwise, Bulacan , Pampanga , Tarlac , Pangasinan , Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora . The province is nationally known as the Rice Granary of the Philippines , producing the largest rice yield in the country. These first settlers included tribes of Bugkalots or Italons, Abaca and Buquids. Settlements were built along

2704-586: Is the site of the historical "Plaza Lucero" and the Cabanatuan Cathedral , where General Antonio Luna was assassinated by Captain Pedro Janolino and members of the Kawit battalion. Cabanatuan lost the title of provincial capital in 1850 when the capital of Nueva Ecija was moved to San Isidro, another historic town. It was only in 1917, when the administrative code was enacted, that Cabanatuan

2808-628: The Cagayan Valley Road has made the city a major economic, educational, medical, entertainment, shopping, and transportation center in Nueva Ecija and nearby provinces in the region such as Tarlac , Aurora , and Bulacan . It has also earned the moniker "Gateway to the North." Cabanatuan remained Nueva Ecija's capital until 1965 when the government created nearby Palayan City as the new provincial capital. Nueva Ecija's old capitol and other government offices are still used and maintained by

2912-651: The College of the Immaculate Conception , the first and only Catholic higher education institute in the city. The New St. Nicholas of Tolentine Cathedral (popularly known as Crypta ) has been under construction in Lakewood, Cabanatuan since 1999. The cathedral will be a type of round church , similar to churches that were prominent in Nordic countries during the 11th and early 12th century. It will become

3016-526: The Franciscans constructed churches, convents, parochial schools and tribunals. They also constructed roads and bridges to connect other settlements. In 1781, a simple irrigation system was constructed in Pantabangan . This new farming technology contributed to the promotion of agriculture in the province. To make possible the establishments of settlements, military force became necessary to protect

3120-774: The Philippine–American War began after American troops killed a Filipino soldier who was crossing the San Juan bridge on February 4, 1899. One could also say, however, that hostilities and mistrust really began as early as August 13 the previous year. On that day, the Spanish colonial government in Intramuros surrendered to American forces instead of the Filipino soldiers that surrounded the Walled City. Thus began

3224-495: The Province of Nueva Ecija ( Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Nueva Ecija [ˌnwɛː.bɐ ʔɛˈsiː.ha] , also [ˌnwɛː.vɐ-] ; Ilocano : Probinsia ti Nueva Ecija ; Pangasinan : Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Ecija ; Kapampangan : Lalawigan ning Nueva Ecija ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan , while Cabanatuan , its former capital,

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3328-489: The sixth congressional district of the province of Pangasinan , is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. Nueva Ecija Nueva Ecija , officially

3432-530: The American colonial government introduced homesteading, there were few takers among Filipinos. Homesteading could be done through a legal process of acquiring a land title, or even without a title at all. In the latter case however, the lack of a title makes the informal homesteader vulnerable to any legal action attempting to take the land away from him. When the Philippine Bill of 1902 was passed by

3536-516: The American regime ultimately failed in succeeding decades due to two major factors. First, the new farmer-settlers did not have enough capital to sustain farming costs. Without any financial assistance available from the government that granted them the land, farmer-settlers accumulated huge debts at very high interest rates from usurious moneylenders. Most of these homesteaders were later forced to sell their land and become tenant farmers instead. The civil governments established in various provinces in

3640-464: The American regime's homesteading system, an individual could get up to 16 hectares of land, while a corporation could get as much as 1,024 hectares. This did not result in a wide settlement of lands throughout the country, however. Nueva Ecija was one exception, as more settlers opted to homestead its lands. A 1928 Statistical Bulletin records nearly 70,000 hectares were given to more than five thousand homestead applicants. The homesteading efforts under

3744-599: The CCWD has entered into a JVA (Joint Venture Agreement) with PrimeWater Infrastructure Corporation, a private water service provider delivering quality services in the design of water distribution systems. It continues to provide most of the city's water supply. Unlike the majority of Nueva Ecija, most of the electric services in the city are provided by the Cabanatuan Electric Corporation (CELCOR). Power generation companies like FCVC and FCRV operate

3848-601: The District of El Príncipe (composed only of Baler and Casiguran at that time, and now also composed of Dinalungan , Dingalan , Dipaculao , Maria Aurora , and San Luis ) was separated from Nueva Ecija & annexed to Tayabas (now Quezon) , which then became part of Aurora . Cabanatuan Cabanatuan , officially the City of Cabanatuan ( Filipino : Lungsod ng Cabanatuan ; Ilocano : Siudad ti Cabanatuan ; Kapampangan : Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Cabanatuan ),

3952-587: The Filipinos, Novo Ecijanos were among the most feared guerillas. By the time the war ended on April 1, 1901, with Aguinaldo's surrender to the Americans, Novo Ecijano guerillas who had fought so fiercely and bravely against two sets of foreign invaders reluctantly gave up. Still that was not the end of the association between them and the Americans. The end of the Philippine–American War also signaled

4056-803: The Katipunan. The Spaniards burned their house and sugar mills in Jaen . Mamerto Jr. was later jailed for shooting a Spanish judge who had slapped his younger brother. As the Revolution gained ground, Mamerto Jr. was released and he was able to join the revolutionary army of General Emilio Aguinaldo in Cavite . By August 30, 1896, a state of war was declared by the Spanish colonial government in several Luzon provinces including Nueva Ecija, Bulacan , Pampanga , Tarlac , Batangas , Laguna , Cavite and Manila . Novo Ecijanos immediately proved themselves worthy of

4160-512: The North, Natividad to the east, Asingan and Santa Maria to the west, and San Quintin to the south. The municipality has a total land area of 51.24 square kilometers which constitutes 0.94% of the province's total land area. Tayug is 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Lingayen , 196 kilometres (122 mi) from Manila , and 83 kilometres (52 mi) from Cabanatuan . Tayug is politically subdivided into 21 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . The climate of Tayug

4264-695: The Pacific Ocean and their organization into a corregimiento (political-military administrative unit). Royal directives were implemented on April 25, 1801, and the corregimiento was named Nueva Ecija after the Spanish hometown of that period's Governor General Rafael Maria de Aguilar , with Baler as its capital. Since then, the province had undergone numerous changes in territorial composition. The progressive towns of Gapan , San Isidro , San Antonio , Cabiao and Aliaga were all annexed to Nueva Ecija from Pampanga, resulting in an economic as well as population boom for inhabitants. While Nueva Ecija only had

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4368-463: The Philippines under the American Occupation were supposed to teach Filipinos the basic principles of democracy, following US military rule. In general, each provincial government presided over local governments in each town or municipality. In turn, each municipality would have a president, vice-president and municipal councillors. These were elected by a select group of qualified electors for two-year terms. The second Philippine Commission went to what

4472-416: The Spanish subsidy. This royal fiscal was Francisco Leandro de Vianna, who first proposed creating a tobacco monopoly. De Vianna reasoned, tobacco was a product widely consumed throughout the islands, with a market of roughly one million. He projected earnings of as much as P400,000 from the venture. The first time the proposal was made, however, both King Carlos III of Spain and colonial officials didn't give

4576-641: The Tagalog, which made Nueva Ecija dominantly Tagalog, many of the Tagalog settlers arrived in Nueva Ecija directly from Bulacan. In 2016, researchers of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and the provincial government found documents showing that in 1799, Carlos IV ordered the separation of towns and parishes of Upper Pampanga, near the Sierra Madre range, as well as coastal towns of Tayabas , along

4680-517: The U.S. Army 6th Ranger Battalion and two teams of Alamo Scouts marched 30 miles (48 km) behind enemy lines to rescue the prisoners in what became known as the Raid at Cabanatuan . As a result of the raid on January 30, 1945, victorious Filipino guerrillas, American troops of the U.S. Army 6th Ranger Battalion and Alamo Scouts celebrated having obtained the freedom of 500 American POWs . Soon thereafter, Philippine and American forces re-established

4784-777: The US Congress, the US colonial government was formally established in the Philippine islands. This meant the colonial government now had the authority to dispose of public lands on its own, without having to seek the approval of the President of the United States. Based on an earlier survey of public lands by the Philippine Commission, the new American colonial government offered public lands to settlers through homesteading, sale, purchase or lease. Under

4888-539: The United States own effort to have her own colonies, with the Philippines served, as it were, on a silver platter by the dying Spanish Empire thanks to the Treaty of Paris . When the war between Filipinos and Americans finally began, the fate of the infant Republic of the Philippines again lay in the hands of General Aguinaldo and his most trusted men who included Novo Ecijanos like General Llanera and General Tinio. And, as guerilla warfare became an effective tactic for

4992-614: The Wesleyan University of the Philippines-Cardiovascular and Medical Center. Other Philippine-based Christian denominations are also present in the city, such as Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide , Jesus Miracle Crusade and Members Church of God International . The Islamic faith also has a presence in Cabanatuan, specifically within the districts of Imelda and Isla. Two large mosques exist in

5096-558: The authority of the Aglipayan Church. Taking control of significant sites including the municipal hall and the Philippine Constabulary's command station, they also set fire to the residences of prominent figures and various structures. The uprising commenced before dawn and was swiftly suppressed by evening, marking a brief yet impactful challenge to colonial authority. A monument paying tribute to Pedro Calosa

5200-475: The banks following the river's undulations. The Ilongots , meaning people of the forest, were the fierce headhunters and animist tribes who occupied Carranglan and the mountainous terrain of Sierra Madre and Caraballo . The head hunting communities were nestled along the riverbanks of Rio Grande's tributaries in the north. Abaca and Italon were subgroups of Bugkalot people, meaning river settlers. Ilongots survived mainly by fishing and hunting. Food production

5304-652: The city's convention center. Cabanatuan The city has numerous accommodation and lodging establishments such as hotels, motels, inns, and resorts. In recent years, the local food scene in the city has experienced growth. Several local and international restaurants, fast-food chains, bakery and coffee shops are also located in the city. Cabanatuan's food scene offers a variety of culinary choices such as local Filipino delicacies, Japanese cuisine, Korean cuisine, Indian cuisine and others. Food joints have also been established in Kapitan Pepe Subdivision, such as

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5408-438: The city, with the largest located at Imelda District. Poverty incidence of Cabanatuan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Cabanatuan is the economic heart of Nueva Ecija. More than 640,000 people live in its metropolitan area comprising the city and its adjacent municipalities. As a hub, many people in Nueva Ecija commute to the city during the day. This causes the city's daytime population to swell to about

5512-474: The city. However, the plan has since been scrapped due to the backlash from groups that were against the decision to build it in the site of Nueva Ecija's Old Provincial Capitol. Landers Superstore has also shown interest in building a branch in the city. Cabanatuan is also building a new main public market that is set to open in 2025, after its old public market burnt down in April 2020. Aside from vendor spaces,

5616-538: The colony were usually paid for by a yearly subsidy (called real situado) sent from the Philippines' sister colony in Mexico. This financial support from the Spanish royal court was often insufficient, especially with expenditures in the Philippine colony growing each year. This prompted the royal fiscal assigned in Manila to devise a plan to allow the colony itself to raise revenues on its own and thus be able to supplement

5720-459: The drama of war, revolution and the fight for freedom. They would fight when the revolt against Spain continued after the peace treaty broke down and the United States, after declaring war on Spain, promised to help Filipinos fight for freedom. Then, Novo Ecijanos again joined General Emilio Aguinaldo in the Philippine–American War (after it became evident the United States wanted to make the Philippines their own colony). The "Cry of Nueva Ecija"

5824-457: The ears of the Spanish king about Basco's plan to make the Philippine colony financially self-sufficient, thus removing a huge financial burden from the Spanish crown. The King of Spain issued a royal decree on February 9, 1780, setting in motion Basco's plan. Almost two years to the date of that royal decree, Basco ordered local officials and military commanders to prevent unnecessary losses of tobacco revenues. By March 2, 1782, tobacco production

5928-544: The fight for freedom. On September 2, 1896, Novo Ecijanos led by Gen. Mariano Llanera , capital municipal of Cabiao and Gen. Pantaleon Valmonte , capitan municipal of Gapan attacked San Isidro , the provincial capital. Their 3,000-strong army attacked San Isidro in distinct Novo Ecijano fashion: accompanied by music played by the Banda de Cabiao or Cabiao band. Novo Ecijanos like Llanera, Valmonte, Mamerto Natividad Jr. and Manuel Tinio conducted themselves heroically during

6032-462: The former, by Pampanga River and the latter, by the river Genil. Consistent with the history of Hispanization in the rest of Philippine archipelago, Nueva Ecija was established by Augustinian missionaries. The first mission was established in Gapan in 1595. The Augustinians abandoned their missionary work in 1636, maintaining only the mission in Bongabon . At the turn of the 18th century,

6136-472: The fortress and reclaimed the municipal hall on April 14, 1942. However, when the Japanese forces reappeared on May 3, 1942, their defense endured for more than a week before they ultimately surrendered. Subsequently, they, along with individuals suspected of supporting their cause, were executed. The shifts in colonial governance during the Spanish colonial period, the uprisings under American occupation, and

6240-455: The friars and whatever basic settlement structures were beginning to emerge. Thus military outposts were of utmost importance, especially with the friars trying to convert fierce head-hunting tribes with spears and bladed weapons. It was around this time, during the term of Governor General Fausto Cruzat y Gongora (July 25, 1690, to December 8, 1702), that he established the military outpost he named Nueva Ecija. At this time, however, Nueva Ecija

6344-454: The hottest in the Philippines in that same year, and on June 4, 2015 PAGASA reported a 53 °C (127 °F) heat index for the city, which is the hottest yet recorded. According to the fifth Annual Natural Hazards Risk Atlas (NHRA) report in 2015, Cabanatuan was ranked as the sixth city in the Philippines with extreme exposure to a myriad of natural hazards, especially typhoons and flooding. Notable disasters have struck Cabanatuan in

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6448-432: The idea much importance. All that would change during the term of Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas . Basco had plans to develop and promote Philippine agriculture, and de Vianna's proposal seemed attractive to him. After studying the proposal, Basco sent his plan to establish a large-scale tobacco production in the colony under complete ownership and management by the colonial government of Spain. What probably perked up

6552-517: The largest church in the Philippines that shall feature a park and accommodate at least 3,000 people once it is finished. Iglesia ni Cristo also maintains a sizable presence in Cabanatuan with its large house of worship in Barangay Zulueta that seats up to 5,000 people. The United Methodist Church also has many local churches with a large congregation within the city. The United Methodist Church owns Wesleyan University Philippines and

6656-470: The linguistic heritage of the local populace might have been shaped by interactions with Kapampangans. Over time, due to the locals' difficulty in pronouncing the letter "L," it became commonly replaced with the letter "T" in everyday speech. This linguistic shift eventually resulted in the adoption of the name Tayug . Tayug is an old settlement founded by the Augustinians who were administering what

6760-575: The majority of votes in the plebiscite was negative. Cabanatuan was declared as a highly urbanized city by President Benigno S. Aquino III under Presidential Proclamation No. 418 on July 14, 2012. A plebiscite scheduled in December 2012 was moved by the Commission on Elections to January 25, 2014, so as not to burden the poll body during its preparation for the 2013 local elections in the province. Incumbent Governor Aurelio Matias Umali, who had

6864-433: The masses. Leaders of the revolt in Nueva Ecija were municipal officials and prominent citizens, who refused to collaborate with the Spanish authorities when armed struggle broke out. Despite being in the ruling class and enjoying positions in the colonial government, these prominent Novo Ecijanos proved their patriotism and love for fellow Filipinos. In fact, one of the founding members of the reform movement La Liga Filipina

6968-525: The missionaries resumed their evangelical work and redirected their efforts to the northeast, towards rough, mountainous terrain inhabited by the Bugkalots . On September 1, 1759, King Carlos III of Spain issued a Royal Decree that ended the founding missions of Augustinians and transferred all Augustinian responsibilities in the settlements of Nueva Ecija to Franciscan friars . Through tribute collections and polo y servicio or rendering of force labor,

7072-592: The more remote towns—those farther away from both rivers and railroads—to grow crops and participate in trade, ending what was until then a very slow pace of economic development. By 1912 Governor Benito Natividad had appropriated funds to fast-track the building of roads and bridges linking these remote towns and municipalities to then provincial capital Cabanatuan . The American government also constructed three major irrigation facilities: 1) The Talavera Irrigation System in 1924; 2) Penaranda River Irrigation System in 1930 and 3) Pampanga River Irrigation System in 1939. By

7176-407: The most competitive cities for doing business in the country. Investors in banking, real estate, retail and other business and industrial enterprises are similarly drawn to the city because of its adequate infrastructure and investor support services. Its continuing urbanization is also luring investors into its suburban municipalities as well. To further explore its economic potentials, Cabanatuan

7280-410: The movement, and even those who were falsely accused of being members of it, were arrested. Mamerto Natividad was among those arrested for sedition, tortured and killed by guardia civil. He was one of the first Novo Ecijano martyrs for freedom. His death, however, would result in bigger problems for the Spanish authorities. Mamerto Natividad's two sons, Mamerto Jr. and Benito Natividad , later joined

7384-556: The new market will house government offices, retail spaces, restrooms, escalators, passenger and freight elevators, and lower ground parking to accommodate the growing population of consumers in the city. The new Magsaysay Market in Brgy. Sangitan is scheduled to open in 2024. Two temporary public markets were built in Melencio Street Ext., Brgy. Kapitan Pepe and Brgy. San Isidro, with the former planned to be converted into

7488-467: The new suburban homes. New commercial buildings are springing up in the CBD and along Maharlika Highway at an average of seventy-five per year. Vista Estates has recently planned to build Verterra Residences, Nueva Ecija's first condominium development and one of the Philippines' first "Urban Green Hubs," near Camella Cabanatuan. Cabanatuan is gradually becoming a major investment hub and is considered one of

7592-630: The northern outpost in Carranglan and Pantabangan and, baking in the fiercely hot climate, probably waxed nostalgic about his hometown in Écija , Andalusia in Spain, which was also known as "la sarten" (the frying pan) because of its intensely hot summers. Thus the Governor-General hit upon the notion to name the outpost Nueva Ecija. Both the New and Old Ecija were washed by navigable rivers-

7696-437: The operations of many establishments. Most roads going to the major districts of Cabanatuan were not passable to light vehicles for two to three days after the storm. Recently in 2022, Typhoon Karding damaged numerous establishments, farmlands, and electric lines in the city. Cabanatuan is administratively subdivided into 89 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Roman Catholicism has been

7800-469: The other districts. Despite this, tobacco policy imposed a lower price on tobacco from areas closer to Manila . That meant that first-class tobacco leaf grown and harvested from Nueva Ecija was priced lower by one dollar, compared to those from Ilocos , La Union and Cagayan Valley . The tobacco monopoly did not spur Novo Ecijanos to revolt, unlike the Ilocanos who staged an uprising over injustices in

7904-427: The past decades, including the 1990 Luzon earthquake , 2013 Typhoon Santi , and 2015 Typhoon Lando . The 2013 Typhoon Santi brought extreme winds measuring up to 120 km/h, causing widespread infrastructure damages and power loss to the city. Later in 2015, Typhoon Lando caused massive damage in the form of severe flooding in Central Luzon, including Cabanatuan. The city experienced severe flooding, which hampered

8008-414: The past few years. Annual business registrations in the city grew 31.7% last 2015 while locally sourced taxes grew 14.81% annually in the five years to 2015. Residential buildings and subdivisions, numbering more than a hundred, are taking up lands on the fringes of the downtown. The presence of big land developers such as Santa Lucia Realty, Vista Land, and Ayala Land ensures competition and quality in

8112-594: The people at that time call it " layog " which means " high, towering like the palm trees " in Kapampangan and “ very tall; high; towering ” in Ilocano. According to historical accounts, Tayug was formerly a constituent of a sprawling settlement along the upper reaches of the Pampanga River, which is now encompassed within the boundaries of the present-day province of Nueva Ecija. This proximity suggests that

8216-810: The position by scoring victories against the Spanish in Tayug , Pangasinan and San Rafael, Bulacan . On November 11, 1897, Natividad was killed in action in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. His death precipitated the Pact of Biak-na-Bato , a peace treaty that sought to end hostilities between Spanish authorities and the Filipino rebels. The treaty provided for a payment of P800,000 to the rebels who would then be exiled to Hong Kong . Five Novo Ecijanos would accompany Aguinaldo's exile. They were General Mariano Llanera , Benito Natividad, General Manuel Tinio , and Joaquin Natividad. Later on, Novo Ecijanos would continue to participate in

8320-756: The predominant religion in the city, being host to a major cathedral – the St. Nicholas of Tolentino Cathedral which serves as the seat of the bishop of the Diocese of Cabanatuan . There are three other major Catholic structures located within the city: the Mother of Perpetual Help Parish, the Carmelite Sisters Convent and the Maria Assumpta Seminary. Local chapels/parishes are also present in most barangays. The Roman Catholic Church owns

8424-719: The presence of military general headquarters and military camp bases of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, Philippine Constabulary 2nd Constabulary Regiment, and the United States Army in Cabanatuan from February 1, 1945, to June 30, 1946, during the Allied Liberation. Before long, the combined Philippine Commonwealth and American armed forces, in cooperation with local guerrilla resistance fighters and Hukbalahap Communist guerrillas, had liberated Central Luzon from Japanese Imperial forces,

8528-478: The provincial administration. Cabanatuan also became the capital of the Philippines during the First Philippine Republic while President Emilio Aguinaldo was moving north to avoid being captured by American forces. After the campaign for the city's designation as a highly urbanized city failed, a motion was made to convert the city into a lone district instead. Cabanatuan was founded as

8632-456: The resistance movements during the Japanese occupation reflect the dynamic history of Tayug. Through these tumultuous times, Tayug would have navigated the changing landscape, adapting to new circumstances and contributing to its distinct historical and cultural identity within the province of Pangasinan. Tayug is landlocked municipality located in the eastern part of the province of Pangasinan with neighboring towns of San Manuel and San Nicolas to

8736-409: The revolution. They were allied with Aguinaldo's Magdalo group. Aguinaldo was in fact so impressed, he appointed Natividad and Llanera to the two highest-ranking posts in the revolutionary army. Natividad became General Mamerto Natividad, commanding general of the revolutionary army, while General Llanera was vice-commander with the rank of Lieutenant-General. General Natividad proved himself worthy of

8840-566: The settlement areas of the Upper Pampanga River . They also attacked the Caboloan of Pangasinan, effectively capturing more territories from local kingdoms. Because of growing territorial domain and evangelical missions, a command outpost or Commandancia in the Upper Pampanga River area was established. Then Governor-General Fausto Cruzat y Góngora (July 25, 1690, to December 8, 1701) had most likely spent much of his time in

8944-747: The settlements in vast plains upstream of the Pampanga River . Settlements in Carranglan , Pantabangan , and Bongabon and prospered and grew into more stable communities. At the time, the Pampango crown has waned and had little resistance from Spanish invasion. When the Pampango Empire fell into the hands of Spanish forces under the command of Martin de Goiti in 1572, the conquistadores began their long upward trek towards Cagayan Valley and Mountain Province . Their forces passed through

9048-582: The system. Some tobacco growers in Nueva Ecija resorted to smuggling their own harvests in order to get some profit. But getting caught entailed harsher fines and penalties. Even sympathetic local officials had no choice but to enforce the unjust policies under pain of arrest and hard labor, once laxity on their part resulted in low production. The flourishing tobacco industry coupled with the rich agricultural lands in central and northeastern Nueva Ecija also attracted migrants from neighboring Pampanga , Pangasinan , Ilocos and Tagalog areas. This made Nueva Ecija

9152-480: The time these irrigation systems went in full swing, combined with the railway system and the many rice mills, Nueva Ecija had been established as the "Rice Granary of the Philippines". From 1930 to 1939, rice production in Nueva Ecija was averaging more than 9 million cavans of rice. Unlike the American pioneers of the Old West, Filipinos were not so willing to occupy remote, unsettled and undeveloped areas. So when

9256-407: The train's huge load capacity and greater speed (compared to boats) encouraged waves of migrations to Nueva Ecija from places like Ilocos , Pampanga , Pangasinan , Tarlac and Bulacan . The railway brought other changes to Nueva Ecija. While trade was still being done by waterways, settlements by necessity had to be established close to the rivers, where people's basic necessities came from. When

9360-446: The trains became the main mode of transporting goods and people, and with the influx of migrants, it became not only possible but crucial to build more communities further inland. This meant roads and irrigation systems were needed. As communities expanded inward, first along the rivers and then along the railways, the need for roads and irrigation systems leading to communities in the plains became more urgent. These made it possible for

9464-472: The tremor, and media coverage of the quake in its immediate aftermath centered on the collapsed school, where rescue efforts were hampered by the lack of heavy equipment to cut through the steel reinforcement of fallen concrete. Cabanatuan is located in the rolling central plains of Luzon drained by the Pampanga River . The city stands 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of the provincial capital Palayan City and 116 kilometres (72 mi) north of Manila. It

9568-511: The year of its foundation, while a document dated in Retiro , 19 December 1742, and signed by King Philip V of Spain, mentions Tayug as one of those place which owed their existence to the Augustinian missionaries. Tayug was first officially organized as a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija on February 4, 1817.  In 1837, Tayug was ceded to the province of Pangasinan. In 1851, it

9672-477: Was a secondary occupation. The agriculture-based community of Caraclans and Buquids were settled in Bongabon and Pantabangan along the riverbanks of Rio Grande's tributaries in the northeast. When the waves of Tagalog migrations took place between 300 and 200 B.C., intrepid travelers and traders set up settlements along Luzon's western coast. These early settlements formed the nucleus of the Pampango Empire that

9776-402: Was caused by events related to the Philippine–American War . First, Nueva Ecija had been a hotbed of resistance against the American Occupation, and was therefore in a state of siege. Four of its towns, Balungao , Rosales , San Quintin and Umingan , which were further away from the capital and already considered pacified by US forces, had been annexed to the province of Pangasinan . In 1902,

9880-475: Was consolidated by Balagtas . The flatlands of the southern portion of Upper Pampanga was a hospitable place for these new Tagalog settlers. The indigenous tribes were forced to take to the hills in the face of the Tagalogs' superior technology. Barter trade flourished among communities that settled along the great river. The constant riverside trading resulted in both a commercial and cultural exchange between

9984-557: Was established in Luzon , with La Union , Ilocos , Abra , Cagayan Valley and Nueva Ecija (still part of Pampanga at the time) as the centers for planting, growing, harvesting and processing tobacco. This made a drastic and extreme change in the lives of all Novo Ecijanos. Where farmland used to bear rice , tobacco was now the only crop allowed to grow. These included the towns of Gapan , San Isidro , Jaen , Cabiao , Cabanatuan , Talavera , Santor and Bongabon . Each farming family

10088-421: Was given a quota of tobacco plant to grow. By 1850 the tobacco monopoly was producing immense financial gain for the colonial government. Some reports at the time pegged the earnings by as much as $ 500,000. One account in 1866 reported a much higher amount, as earnings rose to $ 38,418,939 that year. Novo Ecijanos suffered a lot from the system. Nueva Ecija was more often able to meet production quotas compared to

10192-478: Was lawyer and Novo Ecijano Mamerto Natividad. By the time the Katipunan , the revolutionary movement against Spain, was formed, Novo Ecijanos were actively yet secretly joining it. Even local officials in Nueva Ecija secretly allied with the illustrados and farmers in forming the underground revolutionary society. Once the Spanish authorities learned of the Katipunan's existence, those perceived as sympathizers of

10296-648: Was near the epicenter of the infamous 1990 Luzon earthquake , which registered a 7.8 on the surface wave magnitude scale, at roughly 3 pm on July 16, 1990. It leveled some buildings, most notably the Christian College of the Philippines (Liwag Colleges) in the midst of class time, and killed 1,653 people. Around 154 people were said to be killed inside the CCP building. Unlike in Baguio, local and international journalists were able to arrive at Cabanatuan hours after

10400-581: Was once again incorporated with the Province of Nueva Ecija. The town was finally ceded to Pangasinan for the last time in 1864 after decades of uncertainty. On January 12, 1931, an undercover collective of peasants known as the Philippine National Association, under the leadership of Pedro Calosa, launched an assault against the governing authorities. Their objectives were to assert independence from American governance, denounce societal injustices and economic disparities, and affirm

10504-567: Was restored as capital of the province. In 1926, the historic College of the Immaculate Conception was established within the vicinity of the Cabanatuan Cathedral by the Roman Catholic Church . During World War II, the occupying Japanese built Cabanatuan Prison Camp, where many American soldiers were imprisoned, some of whom had been forced to endure the infamous Bataan Death March . In January 1945, elements of

10608-454: Was still part of upper Pampanga . In 1762, British occupation of Manila happened, and many Tagalog refugees from Manila & north areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan and Nueva Ecija, where the original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them. Nueva Ecija, along with Bulacan, was natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived. Majority of Kapampangans sold their lands to the newly arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to

10712-419: Was then Nueva's provincial capital, San Isidro , on June 8, 1901, to begin proceedings for establishing the local and provincial governments. 16 out of Nueva Ecija's 19 towns were represented in the meeting. Elections of various representatives from the different towns were carried out successfully. However, there was still the thorny problem of deciding whether or not to move the provincial capital. The dilemma

10816-521: Was then called Upper Pampanga, which later became the province of Nueva Ecija . The exact date of its foundation is not clearly known, but it must have been at the start of 18th century, because according to a book of baptism of the town of Asingan , an Augustinian priest was already mission work at that time in Tayug and San Nicolas . A chronicle of the convents and towns founded by Augustinian Order, Biblioteca Historíca Filipina , Volume 4, mentions 1759 as

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