Misplaced Pages

#214785

49-433: Tadamune was born as Torakikumaru (虎菊丸) later Sōjirō (総次郎) the second son of Date Masamune . Although he was the second son, his elder half-brother Date Hidemune was born by Lady Iisaka, a concubine, and was thus not eligible to rule. At the age of seven, he was betrothed to Ichi-hime, the 5th daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu ; however, she died three years later, and he was betrothed again to the daughter of Ikeda Terumasa , who

98-613: A Date retainer named Ōuchi Sadatsuna defected to the Ashina clan of the Aizu region. Masamune declared war on Ōuchi and the Ashina for this betrayal, and started a campaign to hunt down Sadatsuna. Formerly amicable alliances were cast aside as he began to attack and conquer the lands of Sadatsuna's allies in pursuit, even those of his kin in Mutsu and Dewa Province . In the winter of 1585, one of these allies, Nihonmatsu Yoshitsugu felt defeat

147-761: A cloth lining (a form called kusari shikoro ). The kabuto was secured to the head by a chin cord called shinobi-no-o , which would usually be tied to posts or hooks on the mengu (facial armour) or simply tied under the chin. Kabuto are often adorned with crests called datemono or tatemono ; the four types of decorations were the maedate (frontal decoration), wakidate (side decorations), kashiradate (top decoration), and ushirodate (rear decoration). These can be family crests (mon), or flat or sculptural objects representing animals, mythical entities, prayers or other symbols. Horns are particularly common, and many kabuto incorporate kuwagata , stylized antlers. Suji bachi kabuto

196-548: A major power in northern Japan, Masamune was naturally viewed with suspicion, as any potential rival would be viewed. Toyotomi Hideyoshi reduced the size of his land holdings after his tardiness in coming to the Siege of Odawara against Hōjō Ujimasa . In 1591, Masamune forfeited the ancestral land of the Date Clan (present day Date City , Kawamata , Koori , and Kunimi ) to Hideyoshi, causing widespread riots. He never regained

245-521: A pair of hoes . In the middle of the Muromachi period, as the number of large group battles increased, ordinary samurai wore datemono in the shape of a hoe, the sun, the moon, or their flag on their kabuto to show their courage or to distinguish friend from foe. In the Sengoku period in the 16th century, when the scale of war increased and the guns called tanegashima became popular,

294-446: A reckless, but astute general with a penchant for using humorous English verses, he is also notable for carrying six katanas, which he can equip as "dragon's claws", wielding them between his fingers, three in each hand. The professional wrestling organization Osaka Pro Wrestling featured two wrestlers using the ring names Masamune and Hideyoshi, who together form the tag team "Sengoku". In Oda Cinnamon Nobunaga , Masamune

343-687: A series of tiny islands, was praised for its beauty and serenity by the wandering haiku poet Matsuo Bashō . He showed sympathy for Christian missionaries and traders in Japan. In addition to allowing them to come and preach in his province, he also released the prisoner and missionary Padre Sotelo from the hands of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Date Masamune allowed Sotelo as well as other missionaries to practice their religion and win converts in Tōhoku. Masamune notably funded and backed one of Japan's few journeys of far-flung diplomacy and exploration in this period. He ordered

392-815: A system whereby the domain purchased all rice produced in the domain, and reselling in Edo , paying the farmers in advance. This encouraged the opening of new rice lands. During Tadamune's tenure, Sendai Castle was completed, and he sponsored the construction of numerous temples and shrines, including the Zuihōden in 1637 and the Sendai Tōshōgū in 1654. On Tadamune's death on 12 July 1658, one of his senior retainers, Furuuchi Shigehiro, committed ritual suicide ( junshi ). Tadamune's sixth son Date Tsunamune became daimyō of Sendai. Date Masamune Date Masamune ( 伊達 政宗 , DAH -tay ; September 5, 1567 – June 27, 1636)

441-632: Is a character in a number of Japanese period dramas . Date Masamune was born as Bontenmaru (梵天丸) later Tojirō (藤次郎), as the eldest son of Date Terumune , likely born in Yonezawa Castle (in modern Yamagata Prefecture ). At the age of 14 in 1581, Masamune led his first campaign, helping his father fight the Sōma clan . His buddhist name is “Zuiganjiden Teizan Zenri Daikoji”. In 1584, at the age of 17, Masamune succeeded his father, Terumune, who chose to retire from his position as daimyō . Masamune's army

490-534: Is a multiple-plate type of Japanese helmet with raised ridges or ribs showing where the helmet plates come together; the rivets may be filed flat or they may be left showing, as in the hoshi-bachi kabuto . Hoshi-bachi kabuto (star helmet bowl) with protruding rivet heads, have large rivets ( o-boshi ), small rivets ( ko-boshi ) and a rivet with a chrysantemoid-shaped washer at its base ( za-boshi ). Hoshi-bachi kabuto could also be suji bachi kabuto if there were raised ribs or ridges showing where

539-461: Is referenced multiple times upon the cast arriving in Sendai. The statue at Aobayama Park is visited immediately upon arriving in the city, and a shrine that appears similar to his gravesite also appears. In the video game AI: The Somnium Files , the protagonist, Kaname Date, has his left eye removed prior to the game's story, which is likely a reference to Masamune, himself. Ken Watanabe played

SECTION 10

#1732798621215

588-513: Is reincarnated as a French bulldog nicknamed Boo in modern-day Japan. In Ginga Densetsu Weed: Orion , Masamune's dog version is the main antagonist. His father, Terumune and Kojuuruu also play roles in the comic. In the popular Netflix miniseries Age of Samurai: Battle for Japan , Date Masamune is portrayed by actor Hideaki Itō . In the video game Persona 5 Strikers (known as Persona 5 Scramble: The Phantom Strikers in Japan), Masamune

637-406: Is the protagonist of the anime series Masamune Datenicle , produced by the city of Date in collaboration with Fukushima Gainax in order to promote the city's historic connection to the Date Clan. In this series, he is depicted as a child taking on the role of leader of his clan for the first time. Previous leaders of the Date Clan manifest in order to help him prepare for his first battle. In

686-562: The Japanese language , the word kabuto is an appellative, not a type description, and can refer to any combat helmet . Every year on Children's Day , May 5, Japanese households display miniature kabuto and samurai armor in keeping with the tradition of Tango no Sekku . In feudal times, real samurai armor, kabuto , and tachi were displayed. Japanese helmets dating from the fifth century have been found in excavated tombs. Called mabizashi-tsuke kabuto (attached-visor helmet),

735-779: The Siege of Sukagawa and defeated Nikaidō clan . In the end 1589, Masamune sealed the Date clan's hegemony over southern Mutsu Province . In 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi seized Odawara Castle and compelled the Tōhoku-region daimyō to participate in the campaign. Although Masamune refused Hideyoshi's demands at first, he had no real choice in the matter since Hideyoshi was the virtual ruler of Japan. Masamune still delayed, infuriating Hideyoshi. Expecting to be executed, Masamune, wearing his finest clothes and showing no fear, faced his angry overlord. Not wanting further trouble, Hideyoshi spared his life, saying that "He could be of some use." Being

784-472: The Toyotomi Clan . Later in 1616, when Tokugawa Ieyasu was on his deathbed, Masamune visited him and read him a piece of Zen poetry. Masamune was highly respected for his ethics ; a still-quoted aphorism is, "Rectitude carried to excess hardens into stiffness; benevolence indulged beyond measure sinks into weakness." Masamune was viewed with caution by Ieyasu and Hidetada , but gained trust during

833-489: The Date clan territory. Masamune expanded trade in the northeastern Tōhoku region. Although initially faced with attacks by hostile clans, he managed to overcome them after a few defeats and eventually ruled one of the largest fiefdoms of the later Tokugawa shogunate . He built many palaces and worked on many projects to beautify the region. He is also known to have encouraged foreigners to come to his land. Even though he funded and promoted an envoy to establish relations with

882-474: The Hideyoshi Korean invasions In 1592–1598. In 1598, after Hideyoshi's death, Masamune began to support Tokugawa Ieyasu —apparently at the advice of Katakura Kojūrō . Tokugawa Ieyasu increased the size of his lands again, but was constantly suspicious of Masamune and his policies. Although Tokugawa Ieyasu and other Date allies were always suspicious of him, Date Masamune for the most part served

931-572: The Left Guards). On Masamune's death in June 1636, he became daimyō , and entered Aoba Castle in Sendai for the first time in August of the same year. He immediately took over the reins of government by replacing two of the six bugyōs , and re-establishing a multi-person system of magistrates and inspectors to provide more oversight and to eliminate corruption and arbitrary rule. He followed this

980-513: The Pope in Rome, he was likely motivated at least in part by a desire for foreign technology, similar to that of other lords, such as Oda Nobunaga . Further, once Tokugawa Ieyasu outlawed Christianity, Masamune reversed his position, and though disliking it, let Ieyasu persecute Christians in his domain. For 270 years, Tōhoku remained a place of tourism, trade, and prosperity. Matsushima , for instance,

1029-538: The Tokugawa loyally. In 1600, under Tokugawa eastern army, he fought in Sekigahara Campaign at Siege of Shiroishi and Siege of Hasedo . Later, Tokugawa Ieyasu awarded Masamune the lordship of the huge and profitable Sendai Domain , which made Masamune one of Japan's most powerful daimyō . Tokugawa had promised Masamune a one-million koku domain, but, even after substantial improvements were made,

SECTION 20

#1732798621215

1078-454: The armor styles called ō-yoroi and dō-maru became outdated. As a response to the popularity of tanegashima , the armor style of tosei-gusoku ( 当世具足 ) was created. Tosei-gusoku kabuto were made by combining three to four pieces of iron plates. These were more bulletproof than the conventional style and could be mass produced. The tatemono became more eccentric and huge. Some were made of iron, but for safety reasons on

1127-1073: The battlefield, they were often made with molded, lacquer-coated paper. In the Azuchi–Momoyama period , tosei-gusoku kabuto had a simple, bold design in accordance with the popularity of Momoyama culture. In the Edo period , the Tokugawa shogunate defeated the Toyotomi clan in the Summer Siege of Osaka . Japanese society became more peaceful and medieval armor styles were revived. Ō‑yoroi - and dō‑maru ‑style kabuto were made again. Ornamental kawari kabuto ("strange helmet") were made during this time that had "figures of animals , [ kami ], or various other objects mounted on top of them". Kabuto during this time were made "from materials including iron , gold - copper alloy , lacquer , leather , silk , wood , gesso , bone [,] and gesso binder ". The kabuto

1176-539: The building of the exploration ship San Juan Bautista , using foreign (European) ship-building techniques. He sent one of his retainers, Hasekura Tsunenaga , Sotelo, and an embassy numbering 180 on a successful voyage to establish relations with the Pope in Rome . This expedition visited such places as the Philippines , Mexico , Spain and Rome. Previously, Japanese lords had never funded this sort of venture, so it

1225-433: The castle on fire and fled to Aizu . Various records of the event exist, although they present different accounts of its circumstances. In 1589, the Date clan fought many battles with their neighbours afterwards, including the Siege of Kurokawa and Battle of Suriagehara against Ashina clan . After defeating the Ashina clan, Masamune made Kurokawa Castle in Aizu domain his base of operations. Later, Masamune fought in

1274-424: The eye himself when a senior member of the clan pointed out that an enemy could grab it in a fight. Others say that he had his trusted retainer Katakura Kojūrō gouge out the eye for him, making him the "One-Eyed Dragon" of Ōshu. The Date clan had built alliances with neighboring clans through marriages over previous generations, but local disputes remained commonplace. Shortly after Masamune's succession in 1584,

1323-625: The fleeing Nihonmatsu party clashed with the pursuing Date troops near the Abukuma River . Due to the death of Date Terumune by the hands of Nihonmatsu Yoshitsugu, Masamune swore vengeance. In January 1586, Masamune had his revenge by launching an attack against the Nihonmatsu at the Battle of Hitotoribashi . The following year, Date Masamune once again attacked Nihonmatsu at Battle of Koriyama in 1588, The son of Hatakeyama Yoshitsugu set

1372-412: The following year by publishing a new code of rules and regulations for the domain. In 1639, his courtesy title was changed to Mutsu-no-kami . In terms of finances, from 1640 to 1643 he ordered a complete re-survey of the domain, bringing units of measurements in line with the nation-wide standards used by the Tokugawa shogunate. This was accompanied by large scale land reform . Tadamune also established

1421-639: The helmet plates came together. Hari bachi kabuto is multiple-plate Japanese hachi with no ribs or ridges showing where the helmet plates come and the rivets are filed flush. The zunari kabuto is a simple, five-plate design. A great number of simpler, lightweight, folding, portable armours for lower-ranking samurai and foot soldiers ( ashigaru ) were also produced. These were called tatami armour, and some featured collapsible tatami kabuto (also called choshin-kabuto ), made from articulated lames. Tatami kabuto did not use rivets in their construction; instead, lacing or chain mail

1470-574: The kabuto") means "to surrender". [REDACTED] Media related to Kabuto (individual parts) at Wikimedia Commons The basic parts of the kabuto include: A typical kabuto features a central dome constructed of anywhere from three to over a hundred metal plates riveted together. These were usually arranged vertically, radiating from a small opening in the top. The rivets securing these metal plates to each other could be raised (a form known as hoshi-bachi ) or hammered flat (a form known as suji-bachi ); another form, called hari bachi , had

1519-500: The land only produced 640,000 koku , most of which was used to feed the Edo region. In 1604, Masamune, accompanied by 52,000 vassals and their families, moved to what was then the small fishing village of Sendai . He left his fourth son, Date Muneyasu, to rule Iwadeyama. Masamune would turn Sendai into a large and prosperous city. In 1614 and 1615, he fought in the Osaka campaigns against

Date Tadamune - Misplaced Pages Continue

1568-443: The ornamental features of earlier helmets. To offset the plain, utilitarian form of the new helmet, and to provide visibility and presence on the battlefield, armorers began to build fantastic shapes on top of the simple helmets in harikake (papier-mâché mixed with lacquer over a wooden armature), though some were constructed entirely of iron. These shapes mimicked forms from Japanese culture and mythology, including fish, cow horns,

1617-552: The reign of Iemitsu . As someone who did not experience the Warring States period , Iemitsu had a fondness for hearing stories from the warlords who lived during that time, such as Masamune and Tachibana Muneshige . In 1636, Masamune died of a combination of esophageal cancer and peritonitis at the age of 68 years. He was returned to Sendai in the same daimyō procession as when he was alive. The bakufu gave approval for his eldest legitimate son, Date Tadamune , to inherit

1666-461: The rivets filed flush. Some of the finer hachi were signed by their makers, usually from one of several known families, such as the Myochin, Saotome, Haruta, Unkai, or Nagasone families. A small opening in the top of the kabuto , called the tehen or hachimanza (seat of the war god, Hachiman ), was thought to be for passing the warrior's top knot through. Although this practice

1715-498: The role of Date Masamune in the 1987 NHK Taiga drama Dokuganryū Masamune . Date Masamune is also a route character in the Ikemen Sengoku otome game . Kabuto Kabuto (兜, 冑) is a type of helmet first used by ancient Japanese warriors that, in later periods, became an important part of the traditional Japanese armour worn by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan . Note that in

1764-465: The style of these kabuto came from China and Korea. They had a pronounced central ridge. Kabuto , now known as samurai helmets, first appeared in the 10th century Heian period with the appearance of ō-yoroi . Until the early Muromachi period , kabuto were made by combining dozens of thin iron plates. Generally, only daimyo and samurai at the rank of commander wore kabuto ornaments called datemono (立物), which were shaped like

1813-476: The territory. After he fought against Kunohe Rebellion , he was given Iwatesawa and the surrounding lands as his home domain. Masamune moved there, rebuilt the Iwatesawa Castle , renamed it Iwadeyama , and encouraged the growth of a town at its base. Masamune stayed at Iwadeyama for 13 years and turned the region into a major political and economic center. He and his men served with distinction in

1862-474: The top. Kabuto incorporated a suspended neck guard called a shikoro , usually composed of three to seven semicircular, lacquered metal or oxhide lames , attached and articulated by silk or leather lacing, although some shikoro were composed of 100 or more small metal scales in a row. This lamellar armour style, along with kusari (mail armour), was the standard technology of Japanese body armour, and some shikoro were made of mail sewn to

1911-527: The video game series Samurai Warriors ( Koei ) Masamune Date is featured as a playable character. In his first appearance, he was a very young man and fought with dual wooden swords, later, his appearance was changed to be a bit older and his weapons were switched out for a more European style sword and a pair of pistols. He is also a prominent character in the Sengoku Basara series ( Capcom ), and has been featured in every major release, portrayed as

1960-614: Was a Christian. Like many figures of the Sengoku period, Date Masamune has been featured in literature, film, manga, anime, video games, and other media. There are a few prominent and notable examples. In the Iver P. Cooper 1632 series book 1636: Seas of Fortune , Masamune is a prominent character in the short novel Rising Sun which is set in the North Pacific region focusing on Japan's expansion into North America . Masamune

2009-475: Was a Japanese daimyō during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period . Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region , he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai . An outstanding tactician, he was made all the more iconic for his missing eye, as Masamune was often called dokuganryū (独眼竜), or the "One-Eyed Dragon of Ōshū " . As a legendary warrior and leader, Masamune

Date Tadamune - Misplaced Pages Continue

2058-480: Was also Ieyasu's grand-daughter. In 1611, shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada presided over his genpuku ceremony, and he received courtesy title was Mimasaka-no-kami , and Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade Court rank . He also received permission from the shōgun to use the Matsudaira surname as an honorific. At the time of the 1614 Siege of Osaka , he accompanied his father in the train of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and it

2107-525: Was an important part of the equipment of the samurai, and played a symbolic role as well, which may explain the Japanese expressions, sayings, and codes related to them. For instance, Katte kabuto no o wo shimeyo translates literally to "Tighten the string of the kabuto after winning the war". This refers to not reducing one's efforts after success; an equivalent saying in English would be "Don't rest on your laurels". Kabuto wo nugu (lit. "to take off

2156-525: Was approaching and chose to surrender to the Date instead. Masamune agreed to accept the surrender, but on the heavy condition that the Nihonmatsu give up most of their territory to the Date. This resulted in Yoshitsugu kidnapping Masamune's father Terumune during their meeting in Miyamori Castle, where Terumune was staying during the time. The incident ended with Terumune and Yoshitsugu killed as

2205-540: Was by order of Ieyasu that Date Hidemune was ordered to establish an independent branch of the Date clan at Uwajima in Shikoku with a kokudaka of 100,000 koku , whereas Date Tadamune was confirmed as heir to the main Date line at Sendai. Tadamune was elevated to Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade, and given the honorary title of chamberlain in 1616. In 1624, his courtesy title was changed to Echizen-no-kami , and changed again in 1626 to Sakonoe-gon-shōshō (General of

2254-500: Was largely abandoned after the Muromachi period , this opening may have been retained for purposes of ventilation or simply as an artifact of how the plates were riveted together. The tehen was usually decorated with tehen kanamono , which were rings of intricately worked, soft metal bands often resembling a chrysanthemum. Zunari kabuto and momonari kabuto were two helmet forms that did not usually have an opening at

2303-510: Was probably the first successful voyage. At least five members of the expedition stayed in Coria (Seville) of Spain to avoid the persecution of Christians in Japan. 600 of their descendants, with the surname Japón (Japan), are now living in Spain. When the Tokugawa government banned Christianity, Masamune had to obey the law. However, some sources suggest that Masamune's eldest daughter, Irohahime,

2352-442: Was recognized by its black armor and golden headgear. Masamune is known for a few things that made him stand out from other daimyō of the time. In particular, his famous crescent-moon-bearing helmet won him a fearsome reputation. As a child, smallpox robbed him of sight in his right eye, though it is unclear exactly how he lost the organ entirely. Various theories behind the eye's condition exist. Some sources say he plucked out

2401-455: Was used to connect the pieces to each other. Kaji kabuto were a type of helmet worn by samurai firemen. Jingasa were war hats made in a variety of shapes, worn by ashigaru (foot soldiers) and samurai, which could be made from leather or metal. During the Momoyama period of intense civil warfare, kabuto were made to a simpler design of three or four plates, lacking many of

#214785