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28-616: Colloquially, Tagaung is thought to be the origin of the Burmese people, remembered by the adage Myanmar asa Tagaung ga (Myanmar starts from Tagaung). It holds an important place in Burmese mythology through the founding myth of Burmese prehistory, written in the Tagaung Yazawin , as well as the capital of the historical Tagaung Kingdom during the first millenium CE Today Tagaung is a major market for salt produced at Halin, which

56-469: A hard life, thus creating the Caste system (အမျိုးဇာတ်စနစ်). Later, they elected a wise man called Manu and appointed him as their first and foremost ruler. He is known as Mahasamrat (မဟာသမ္မတမင်း; lit.   ' He who is designated by the multitude ' ), the first king of the earth. As a king, he constituted the order of the city-state, the code of the laws, the various duties and offices defined for

84-659: A purity less than these may not be referred to as "bullion". Bullion coins are contemporary precious metal coins minted by official agencies for investment purposes. Some bullion coins have been used as currency throughout the 20th century, such as the Maria Theresa thaler and the Krugerrand . Modern bullion coins generally do not enter common circulation despite having legal tender status and nominal face value. Some modern bullion coins are produced as business strike and collectible proof and uncirculated versions, such as

112-656: A very important place in Burmese culture also for the Tagaung Yazawin (Tagaung Chronicle) legends of Maung Pauk Kyaing the dragon slayer, the powerful blacksmith and his sister who became the household guardian spirits known as the Mahagiri Nats , and the blind twin princes who were sent adrift on a raft down the Ayeyarwady. Although the British historians G E Harvey and D G E Hall had dismissed

140-597: Is a major market for salt produced at Halin, which is used to preserve fish. China and Burma signed a joint venture agreement in July 2007 for an $ 800 million nickel mining project at Tagaung taung (Tagaung Hill), with a 75% stake held by the Chinese. Construction has begun and operations consisting of mining and smelting facilities, designed to produce 85,000 tons of ferronickel and 22,000 tons of nickel per annum, are scheduled to start in 2011. The Ayeyarwady remains

168-528: Is an over-the-counter market for wholesale trading of gold and silver. The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) coordinates activities of its members and other participants in the London bullion market. The LBMA sets and promotes quality standards for gold and silver bullion bars. The minimum acceptable fineness of the Good Delivery Bars is 99.5% for gold bars and 99.9% for silver bars. Bars with

196-715: Is still employed, together with modern spectroscopic instrumentation, to accurately determine its quality. The specifications of bullion are often regulated by market bodies or legislation. In the European Union , the minimum purity for gold to be referred to as "bullion", which is treated as investment gold with regard to taxation, is 99.5% for gold bullion bars and 90% for bullion coins . Investors may choose to purchase physical bullion for several reasons – to attempt to hedge against currency risks, inflation risks, geopolitical risks, or to add diversification to an investment portfolio. The London bullion market

224-587: Is the cornerstone of modern Burmese culture and explains the origins and significance of Burmese rituals. The most influential account for Burmese cosmogony is the Book of Adikalpa ( Burmese : အာဒိကပ္ပကျမ်း၊ lit.   ' Genesis ' ) which is apocryphal in Buddhism but supported by the canonical statement in Aggañña Sutta . In the beginning, there was apparently nothing left after an old cosmos

252-635: Is used to preserve fish. The town was captured by the People's Defense Force on 12 August 2024. "Tagaung" derives from the Shan language term Takawng ( Shan : တႃႈၵွင် ; /taa3 kɔŋ1/ ), which means "drum ferry." In 225 AD, the Shu general Chu Ko-liang is said to have used bronze drums to frighten 'savages' by placing them in torrents to produce the sound of military watchdrums at regular intervals. The 19th-century chronicle Hmannan Yazawin introduces Tagaung as

280-460: The Anglo-Norman term for a melting-house where metal was refined, and earlier from French bouillon , "boiling". Although precious metal bullion is no longer used to make coins for general circulation, it continues to be held as an investment with a reputation for stability in periods of economic uncertainty. To assess the purity of gold bullion, the centuries-old technique of fire assay

308-437: The Burmese people of Myanmar . These stories have been passed down orally and have only rarely appeared in written form. Burmese mythology is largely associated with and influenced by Buddhist mythology , Hinduism , and several other ethnic traditions. Most myths and legends concern the ancient Pyu era ; the lives and activities of gods , Bodhisattvas , heroes, kings, mystics, and mythological creatures . Burmese mythology

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336-484: The Maldives , most likely along the same route. Old Tagaung may have conformed to the tradition of first millennium Pyu cities which were divided into 9 quadrants. There are 3 walls: Wall 1 (19 hectares) around a low hillock on the north, Wall 2 (62 hectares) known as Anya Bagan, and Wall 3 (204 hectares) encompassing the other two. The western wall is missing in all three of them, and believed to have been washed away by

364-631: The Abhiraja origin of the Burmese people, the antiquity of Tagaung itself is not in dispute. Ptolemy , the Greek geographer , writing in 140 AD, mentions Tugma Metropolis believed to be Tagaung at a spot in Upper Burma. According to Chinese annals, Nanchao invaded and plundered the capital of a Pyu kingdom in 832 AD carrying off 3,000 captives. The chronicles of the Tang dynasty (AD 606–910) describe

392-474: The American Silver Eagle and American Gold Eagle coins. Private mint strikes called bullion rounds, bullion wafers or bullion bars are typically sold at prices slightly above the underlying prevailing precious metals spot price commensurate with their precious metal content, whereas collectible versions are sold at a significant premium over their precious metal bullion melt value. In some cases,

420-870: The Shweli River, crossing the Irrawaddy at Tagaung, followed the Chindwin River north and crossed via the Imphal pass to Manipur . In the 1950s tens of thousands of cowries in Yunnan were found in tombs from the ancient past between the Warring States period (475 BCE–221 BCE) and the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE). These cowries came from the Pacific and Indian oceans , especially from

448-515: The Stars ( Nakshas - Tara ; နက္ခတ်တာရာ) were born from the darkness to replace as the primary light sources of the world. They became corporeal beings after eating all the creamy soil until it was gone. Then, several other super-vegetated plants emerged for the sake of their hunger. After a long period of serial gluttony, all the supernatural resources went extinct and the beings became known as full humans . People have different views on how to solve

476-635: The Sun and the Moon didn't exist yet, these Luminous Ones were the only light source in the darkness . Sometime later, the creamy soil emerged on the ocean, and the Luminous Ones became curious and ate this newly delicious food. Because of their greediness and gluttony, they lost their self-luminous nature and fell from their grace. At this time, the Sun ( Surya ; သူရိယ), the Moon( Chandra ; စန္ဒ) and

504-742: The east may reflect the city's location by the Ayeyarwady like Bagan but unlike Bagan its proximity to the frontier with Yunnan along the Shweli and Taping rivers . Tagaung was also within easy reach of mineral resources such as silver from Namtu , rubies from Mogok , jade , copper and iron by the Meza and Uru rivers . Marco Polo (1254–1324) was believed to have reached as far as Tagaung in his travels on one of his fact-finding missions sent by Kublai Khan . A network of three overland routes from Yunnan westward to Bengal existed for shipping bullion between 1200 and 1500 AD. One of them followed

532-450: The exchange-traded fund (ETF). Investors often prefer to own bullion outright over ETFs due to the minimization of counter-party risks inherent. Private individuals use bullion as an investment or as a store of value. Gold bullion and silver bullion are the most important forms of physical precious metals investments. Bullion investments can be considered as insurance against inflation or economic turmoil, their sole direct counterparty risk

560-410: The grade and mintages of privately struck rounds, bars or wafers can affect their value as a collectible too, they can at times be considered collectible numismatic pieces rather than bullion items. Professional market participants participate in the bullion markets, such as banks , fabricators , refiners , and vault operators or transport companies, as well as brokers . They provide facilities for

588-643: The land of the Pyu consisting of 18 states and 9 walled towns. In Upper Burma at least seven walled settlements over 200 hectares have been excavated so far. Tagaung has been termed Anya Pagan (Upper Bagan) with its artefacts dating back to the Neolithic Age . It was one of the 43 outposts established by King Anawrahta (1044–1077) of Bagan along the eastern foothills of the Shan plateau in defense of his realm, before he embarked on military expeditions west to Bengal and east to Nanchao . The fortification to

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616-563: The principal means to reach Tagaung. It is linked to Mandalay and to Kachin State in the north also by the Mandalay -Tagaung- Shwegu - Bhamo - Myitkyina Union Highway. 23°30′00″N 96°02′00″E  /  23.50000°N 96.03333°E  / 23.50000; 96.03333 Burmese mythology Burmese mythology ( Burmese : ရှေးမြန်မာ့ဒဏ္ဍာရီ ) is a collection of myths , folklore , legends , and beliefs traditionally told by

644-616: The refining, melting, assaying, transporting, trading and vaulting of gold and silver bullion. Other professional parties such as investment companies and jewelers use bullion in the context of products or services which they produce or offer to customers. Shares of the world's largest gold exchange-traded fund , the SPDR Gold Shares , represent a gold spot price mimicking derivative although shareholders in popular gold ETFs such as GLD are almost always unsecured creditors, meaning they own no vaulted gold bullion potentially underlying

672-411: The river as it changed its course over time. Archaeological excavations carried out at Tagaung had yielded Bronze Age drums , and also votive tablets connected to Anawrahta. More recent finds included urns , decorated roof-tile finials and finger-marked 'Pyu' bricks dated before 800 AD. Pheasants , partridge , toucans , pelicans and Sarus cranes inhabit around in-gyi seasonal lake and

700-419: The state and the boundaries of armies of their defense. He will be often referred to as a standard monarch archetype by many Burmese writers. Bullion Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity. The term is ordinarily applied to bulk metal used in the production of coins and especially to precious metals such as gold and silver . It comes from

728-720: The tall swamp grass areas along with numerous fish in the lakes and streams. Tigers , elephants , banteng ( Saing ) and gaur were once common along the Shweli, with various kinds of deer around Tagaung. Timber, elephants and minerals were transported down from Mogok and the Shweli valley to Tagaung and other nearby river ports at Hsin Hnyat and Kyan Hnyat just south of Tagaung. Panning for gold ia done at Tonnge just north of Tagaung. Seasonal lakes and swamps make it possible to grow winter rice called mayin in addition to other crops producing edible oils and coriander . Today Tagaung

756-612: The very first capital of Burma, along with the adage Myanmar asa Tagaung ga (Myanmar starts from Tagaung), and it was the ancient capital of the Pyu , who were the forerunners of the Burmese people. Its history is steeped in myth and legend. The city is said to have been founded in 850 BC by King Abhiraja of the Sakya clan from Kapilavastu in India , before the time of the Buddha . It has

784-476: Was destroyed by the great cataclysm. Soon, a new cosmos ( Kalpa ) was born out of the expansion. The four Highest Ones ( Brahmas ; Burmese : ဗြဟ္မာ ) descended from the Coruscant Heavens ( Abhasvara ) and were reborn on the primordial world as the 'Luminous Ones'. At this time, the Luminous Ones were glorious celestial beings who just feed on their own delight, flying over the primeval ocean . Since

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