Misplaced Pages

#548451

35-866: Some other Senufo groups refers to the Sùcìté people as Tagba, because they live on the Tagouara plateau. There are various ways to spell the dialect names. Variants of Sucite include Sicite, Sipiite, and Sicire. The SIL language code is SEP. All vowels can be lengthened and nasalized . The schwa /ə/ is included in brackets because it is found only in two specific environments, where it appears to be in complementary distribution with some other vowel. Geminate voiced stops/affricates are cognate to prenasalized voiceless stops in Supyire , and are indicated orthographically as ⟨mp, nt, ...⟩ in Garber (1987). Sucite

70-598: A B.A. in 1933. He initially wanted to do missionary work in China . When this was denied him, he studied linguistics with the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). He went to Mexico with SIL, learning Mixtec from native speakers there in 1935. In 1937 Pike went to the University of Michigan , where he worked for his doctorate in linguistics under Charles C. Fries . His research involved living among

105-854: A Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the early 1930s. In 1933, he turned to Mexico with the purpose of translating the Bible into indigenous languages there, as he had done for Kaqchikel. Townsend established a working relationship with the Mexican Secretariat of Public Education under the government of President Lázaro Cárdenas (in office 1934–1940) and founded SIL to educate linguist- missionaries to work in Mexico. Because

140-629: A database, Ethnologue , of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas . William Cameron Townsend , a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking

175-614: A large number of chalkboards. A speaker of a language unknown to him would be brought in to work with Pike. Using gestures and objects, not asking questions in a language that the person might know, Pike would begin to analyze the language before the audience. Pike was a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the Linguistic Society of America (LSA), the Linguistic Association of Canada and

210-399: A new Language and Culture Documentation Services Unit that aims to preserve and revitalize languages threatened by extinction. The creation of this department reflects a growing interest in documenting endangered languages and incorporates a multidisciplinary approach of anthropology and linguistics. SIL has Consultative Status with UNESCO as an NGO, and has Special Consultative Status with

245-647: A number of different roles. Pike's approach to the study of language put him outside the circle of the "generative" movement begun by Noam Chomsky , a dominant linguist in the 20th century, since Pike believed that the structure of language should be studied in context, not just as single sentences, as seen in the title of his magnum opus, Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior (1967). He became well known for his " monolingual demonstrations ." He would stand before an audience, with

280-584: A number of international settings. In 1973, SIL was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding. This foundation honors outstanding individuals and organizations working in Asia who manifest greatness of spirit in service to the peoples of Asia. UNESCO Literacy Prizes have been awarded to SIL's work in a number of countries: Australia (1969), Cameroon (1986), Papua New Guinea (1979), Philippines (1991). In 1979, SIL's agreement

315-542: Is a tonal language with three surface tone levels: High, Mid, and Low. Garber (1987) and Carlson (1994) analyse the Northern Senufo system as having two different Mid tones, a strong mid (Ms) and a weak mid (Mw). The Ms tone undergoes substantially less tonal alternations than the Mw tone. Garber (1988) suggests that this peculiarity may have its origin in a tonal split . Glides formed by combining pairs of tones exist,

350-574: The Linguistic Society of America passed a resolution that the work of SIL "should be strongly commended by our Society and welcomed as one of the most promising developments in applied linguistics in this country." SIL holds formal consultative status with UNESCO and the United Nations , and has been publicly recognized by UNESCO for their work in many parts of Asia. SIL also holds non-governmental organization status in many countries. SIL's work has received appreciation and recognition in

385-492: The Summer Institute of Linguistics International ) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages , especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy , translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes

SECTION 10

#1732782814549

420-655: The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) as an advocate for ethnolinguistic communities. The organization is a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International and Micah Network , and is a founding member of Maaya, the World Network for Linguistic Diversity. Ethnologue: A Guide to the World's Languages has been published by SIL since 1951. From the 13th edition (1997) onwards,

455-425: The University of Michigan , during which time he served as chairman of its linguistics department, professor of linguistics, and director of its English Language Institute (he did pioneering work in the field of English language learning and teaching ) and was later Professor Emeritus of the university. Pike is best known for his distinction between the emic and the etic . "Emic" (as in " phonemics ") refers to

490-704: The 16th edition (2009), Ethnologue uses the ISO 639-3 standard, which assigns 3-letter codes to languages; these were derived in part from the 3-letter codes that were used in the Ethnologue 's 15th edition. SIL is the registration authority for the ISO 639-3 standard. With the publication of the 17th edition (2016), Ethnologue launched a subscription service, but claiming that the paywall would only affect 5% of users. Users who contribute over 100 accepted changes are rewarded with lifetime free access. A comprehensive review of

525-529: The 16th, 17th and 18th editions acknowledged that "[Ethnologue] is at present still better than any other nonderivative work of the same scope" except that "[it] fails to disclose the sources for the information presented. SIL has developed widely used software for linguistic research. SIL has developed several widely used font sets that it makes available as free software under the SIL Open Font License (OFL). The names of SIL fonts reflect

560-642: The Biblical mission of the organization " charis " (Greek for "grace"), " doulos " (Greek for "servant") and " gentium " (Latin for "of the nations"). These fonts have become standard resources for linguists working on the documentation of the world's languages. Most of them are designed only for specific writing systems, such as Ethiopic , Devanagari , New Tai Lue , Hebrew , Arabic , Khmer , Yi , Myanmar , Coptic , and Tai Viet , or some more technical notation, such as cipher musical notation or IPA . Fonts that support Latin include: The 1947 Summer Meeting of

595-476: The Mexican government did not allow missionary work through its educational system, Townsend founded Wycliffe Bible Translators in 1942 as a separate organization from SIL. Wycliffe Bible Translators focused on Bible translation and missionary activities, whereas SIL focused on linguistic documentation and literacy education. Having initiated collaboration with the Mexican education authorities, Townsend started

630-958: The Mixtecs and developing a written system for the Mixtec language with his wife, Evelyn. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1942, Pike became the First President of the Summer Institute in Linguistics. Its main function was to produce translations of the Bible in unwritten languages , and in 1951 Pike published the Mixtec New Testament . He was the President of SIL International from 1942 to 1979. As well as and in parallel with his role at SIL, Pike spent thirty years at

665-643: The SIL Bibliography. Most of these are a reflection of linguistic fieldwork. SIL's focus has not been on the development of new linguistic theories, but tagmemics , though no longer promoted by SIL, was developed by Kenneth Pike , who also coined the words emic and etic , more widely used today in anthropology. Another focus of SIL is literacy work, particularly in indigenous languages. SIL assists local, regional, and national agencies that are developing formal and informal education in vernacular languages. These cooperative efforts enable new advances in

700-479: The SIL view, ethnocide is not a valid concept and it would lead to pessimism to characterize culture change resulting from the inevitable progress of civilization as ethnocide. SIL considers itself as actively protecting endangered languages by promoting them within the speech community and providing mother-tongue literacy training. Additionally, their expanded interest in preserving threatened languages has resulted in

735-779: The United States (LACUS), and the American Anthropological Association . He served as president of LSA and LACUS and later was nominated for the Templeton Prize three years in a row. When he was named to the Charles Carpenter Fries Professorship of Linguistics at the University of Michigan in 1974, the Dean's citation noted that "his lifelong originality and energetic activity verge on the legendary." Pike

SECTION 20

#1732782814549

770-833: The complex field of educational development in multilingual and multicultural societies. SIL provides instructors and instructional materials for linguistics programs at several major institutions of higher learning around the world. In the United States , these include Dallas International University , Biola University , Moody Bible Institute , and Dallas Theological Seminary . Other universities with SIL programs include Trinity Western University in Canada , Charles Darwin University in Australia , and Universidad Ricardo Palma in Lima, Peru. The organization has recently established

805-459: The creation of a Language and Culture Documentation Services Unit. Besides the headquarters in Dallas, SIL has offices and locally incorporated affiliated organizations in the following countries: Kenneth Lee Pike Kenneth Lee Pike (June 9, 1912 – December 31, 2000) was an American linguist and anthropologist . He was the originator of the theory of tagmemics , the coiner of

840-523: The data that have been gathered and analyzed from over 1,000 minority and endangered languages, many of which had not been previously studied academically. SIL endeavors to share both the data and the results of analysis in order to contribute to the overall knowledge of language. This has resulted in publications on languages such as Hixkaryana and Pirahã , which have challenged the universality of some linguistic theories. SIL's work has resulted in over 20,000 technical publications, all of which are listed in

875-501: The entire contents of the published book were also shared online. From the 17th edition onwards (2013) the publication shifted to a web-centric paradigm, meaning that the website is now the primary means by which the database is accessed. Among other advantages, this greatly facilitates user contributions. A new edition is now published every February. The 27th edition was released in February 2024 and lists 7,164 languages. Starting with

910-546: The first summer institute in its second year, 1935, Kenneth Lee Pike (1912–2000), would become the foremost figure in the history of SIL. He served as SIL's president from 1942 to 1979, then as president emeritus until his death in 2000. The Mexican branch, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano , was established in 1948. In 2016, Michel Kenmogne from Cameroon became president. In 2023 SIL said it had 1,350 language projects in 98 countries and 4,200 staff from 84 countries. SIL's principal contribution to linguistics has been

945-553: The institute as a small summer training-session in Sulphur Springs, Arkansas , in 1934 to train missionaries in basic linguistic , anthropological , and translation principles. Through the following decades the SIL linguists worked at providing literacy education to indigenous people of Mexico, while simultaneously working with the Wycliffe Bible Translators on Bible translation. One of the students at

980-622: The linguistic group apply scientific methods in the analysis of language, producing etic descriptions which are verifiable and reproducible. Pike himself carried out studies of indigenous languages in Australia , Bolivia , Ecuador , Ghana , Java , Mexico , Nepal , New Guinea , Nigeria , the Philippines , and Peru . Pike developed his theory of tagmemics to help with the analysis of languages from Central and South America , by identifying (using both semantic and syntactic elements) strings of linguistic elements capable of playing

1015-424: The missionary focus of SIL makes relations with academic linguists and their reliance on SIL software and knowledge infrastructure problematic in that respective goals, while often overlapping, also sometimes diverge considerably. SIL does not consider efforts to change cultural patterns a form of culture destruction and points out that all their work is based on the voluntary participation of indigenous peoples. In

1050-473: The most common being HL and ML. Like the other Senufo languages, Sucite employs a noun class system of five genders: three pairings of singular/plural classes and two mass/collective classes. Nouns take class-specific suffixes for definiteness. For example: Each noun class has its own set of pronouns. These may be general (clitic), emphatic, partitive , interrogative, demonstrative, or relative. SIL International SIL Global (formerly known as

1085-430: The role of cultural and linguistic categories as understood from within the cultural or linguistic system that they are a part of, while "etic" (as in " phonetics ") refers to the analytical study of those sounds grounded outside of the system itself. Pike argued that only native speakers are competent judges of emic descriptions, and are thus crucial in providing data for linguistic research, while investigators from outside

Sucite language - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-557: The terms "emic" and "etic" and the developer of the constructed language Kalaba-X for use in teaching the theory and practice of translation. In addition, he was the First President of the Bible-translating organization Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), with which he was associated from 1935 until his death. Pike was born in Woodstock, Connecticut , and studied theology at Gordon College , graduating with

1155-547: Was also expelled from Brazil , Mexico , and Panama , and restricted in Colombia and Peru . The organization's focus on language description, language development and Bible translation, and the missionary activities carried out by many of its field workers have been criticized by linguists and anthropologists who argue that SIL aims to change indigenous cultures, which exacerbates the problems that cause language endangerment and language death . Linguists have argued that

1190-597: Was officially terminated by the Mexican government after critiques from anthropologists regarding the combination of education and missionary activities in indigenous communities, though SIL continued to be active in that country. At a conference of the Inter-American Indian Institute in Mérida, Yucatán , in November 1980, delegates denounced the Summer Institute of Linguistics, charging that it

1225-518: Was using a scientific name to conceal its Protestant agenda and an alleged capitalist view that was alien to indigenous traditions. This led to the agreement with the Ecuadoran government being terminated in 1980, although a token presence remained. In the early 1990s, the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) demanded the expulsion of SIL from the country. SIL

#548451