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24-587: Tai Long may refer to: Tai Long language Tai Long Village aka. Tai Long Tsuen (Chinese: 大浪村 ), the oldest and largest village in the Tai Long Wan (Sai Kung District) area Tai Long, Chi Ma Wan , a village near Tai Long Wan, on Chi Ma Wan Peninsula Tai Long Wan (disambiguation) Wo Hang Tai Long (Chinese: 禾坑大朗 ), a village in Sha Tau Kok, North District, Hong Kong Topics referred to by

48-659: A glottal stop [ʔ] and obstruent sounds such as [p], [t], and [k]. The syllable structure of Shan is C(G)V((V)/(C)), which is to say the onset consists of a consonant optionally followed by a glide , and the rhyme consists of a monophthong alone, a monophthong with a consonant, or a diphthong alone. (Only in some dialects, a diphthong may also be followed by a consonant.) The glides are: -w-, -y- and -r-. There are seven possible final consonants: /ŋ/ , /n/ , /m/ , /k/ , /t/ , /p/ , and /ʔ/ . Some representative words are: Typical Shan words are monosyllabic. Multisyllabic words are mostly Pali loanwords, or Burmese words with

72-513: A Shan-English dictionary. Aside from this, the language is almost completely undescribed in English. Mong Mao Muang Mao , also spelled Möng Mao ( Ahom :𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫𑜉𑜧𑜨, Shan : မိူင်းမၢဝ်း ; Tai Nüa : ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ ; Burmese : မိုင်းမော ; Chinese : 勐卯 ) or the Mao Kingdom , was an ethnic Dai state that controlled several smaller Tai states or chieftainships along

96-465: A fairly detailed local chronicle of Möng Mao. Mong Mao Long, or the white fog of Mong Mao Long, was founded in 56 BC by Hso Hom Hpa, a descendant of the ancient Tai King from Nawng Hsè , who sent his son Hkun Hkam Naw to build the city of Oung Pawng-Hsipaw Later,the city became vacant. And was pioneered by Hkun Lai, who came from the city of Mong Ri Mong Ram, the city sited in the region called Koshanpye . The city has gone through many events. Since

120-520: A long list with the first ruler of Möng Mao dating from 568 A.D. The dates in Elias for later rulers of Möng Mao do not match very well the dates in Ming dynasty sources such as Ming Shilu (Wade, 2005) and Baiyi Zhuan (Wade, 1996) which are considered more reliable from the time of the ruler Si Kefa . Bian-zhang-ga (1990), translated into Thai by Witthayasakphan and Zhao Hongyun (2001), also provides

144-456: A new explanation of "Guo-zhan-bi" which is "place that produce fragrant soft rice". In Chinese literature, Möng Mao was called Luchuan (Chinese: 麓川 ), first recorded in Yuanshi as the name of the administrative division "Luchuan Circuit " (Chinese: 麓川路 ). Some of literature also called Mong Mao as Baiyi (Chinese: 百夷 ), but most of the time this is a collective name of all

168-511: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tai Long language The number of Shan speakers is not known in part because the Shan population is unknown. Estimates of Shan people range from four million to 30 million, with about half speaking the Shan language. Ethnologue estimates that there are 4.6 million Shan speakers in Myanmar;

192-591: Is sometimes used by authors to refer to the entire group of Tai states along the Chinese-Myanmar frontier including Luchuan-Pingmian (麓川平緬), Muang Yang ( Chinese : 孟養 ; pinyin : Mèngyǎng ), and Hsenwi (Chinese: 木邦 ; pinyin: Mùbāng ), even though specific place names are almost always used in Ming and Burmese sources. The center of power shifted frequently between these smaller states or chieftainships. Sometimes they were unified under one strong leader, sometimes they were not. As

216-903: The Koshanpye . Across the Pad Kai mountain range into Assam in India to established a new kingdom called the Ahom Kingdom . Mong Mao Long has a total of 81 saophas. Mao Long is currently located near the Burmese border. (located during the Hso Wak Hpa era saopha No.52) in Yunnan Province, which in the past Counting with the provinces in Burma it is a group of Mong Mao Lung, Mongmit , Mongkawng and Bammaw located nearby. Saophas: He

240-720: The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006, though including refugees from Burma they now total about one million. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners. The Shan language has a number of names in different Tai languages and Burmese . The Shan dialects spoken in Shan State can be divided into three groups, roughly coinciding with geographical and modern administrative boundaries, namely

264-671: The Shan scholar Sai Kam Möng observes: "Sometimes one of these [smaller states] strove to be the leading kingdom and sometimes all of them were unified into one single kingdom..." The capital of the kingdom shifted from place to place, but most of them were located near the Nam Mao river (the " Shweli " on most maps today)" The various versions of the Möng Mao Chronicle provide the lineage of Möng Mao rulers. The Shan chronicle tradition, recorded very early by Elias (1876), provides

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288-686: The frontier of what is now Myanmar , China , the states of Northeast India of Assam , Nagaland , Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh principally set in the Dehong region of Yunnan with a capital near the modern-day border town of Ruili/Meng Mao . The name of the main river in this region is the Nam Mao, also known as the Shweli River . Möng Mao is Tai Nuea and Shan language name, also called Möng Mao Lông ( Tai Nüa : ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ ; Shan : မိူင်းမၢဝ်းလူင် ), which means "Great Muang Mao". The " Möng " means country or place. The "Mao" (ᥛᥣᥝᥰ)

312-574: The tones of syllables. There are five to six tonemes in Shan, depending on the dialect. The sixth tone is only spoken in the north; in other parts it is only used for emphasis. The table below presents six phonemic tones in unchecked syllables, i.e. closed syllables ending in sonorant sounds such as [m], [n], [ŋ], [w], and [j] and open syllables. The following table shows an example of the phonemic tones: The Shan tones correspond to Thai tones as follows: The table below presents four phonemic tones in checked syllables, i.e. closed syllables ending in

336-921: The Northern Shan State dialect, and the dialect spoken in Laos . There are also dialects still spoken by a small number of people in Kachin State , such as Tai Laing , and Khamti spoken in northern Sagaing Region . Shan has 19 consonants. Unlike Thai and Lao ( Isan ) there are no voiced plosives /d/ and /b/. Shan has ten vowels and 13 diphthongs: [iw], [ew], [ɛw]; [uj], [oj], [ɯj], [ɔj], [ɤj]; [aj], [aɯ], [aw]; [aːj], [aːw] Shan has less vowel complexity than Thai, and Shan people learning Thai have difficulties with sounds such as "ia," "ua," and "uea" [ɯa] . Triphthongs are absent. Shan has no systematic distinction between long and short vowels characteristic of Thai. Shan has phonemic contrasts among

360-591: The ethnic groups in south west of Yunnan, or specifically refers to Dai people. In Burmese literature, Möng Mao was called Maw or Maw Shan . In the Manipur literature, such as Cheitharol Kumbaba use the name Pong refer to Mong Mao. The chronicle of this region, titled the Möng Mao Chronicle , was written much later. Some scholars identify Möng Mao with the Kingdom of Pong , as well as with

384-412: The initial weak syllable /ə/ . Given the present instabilities in Burma, one choice for scholars is to study the Shan people and their language in Thailand, where estimates of Shan refugees run as high as two million, and Mae Hong Son Province is home to a Shan majority. The major source for information about the Shan language in English is Dunwoody Press's Shan for English Speakers . They also publish

408-642: The kingdom of Luh Shwan mentioned in Chinese chronicles. Like most of Tai Yai history, the history of the Kingdom of Pong is largely legendary and existing chronicles and traditions include conflicting names and dates which have led to different interpretations. Möng Mao arose in the power vacuum left after the Kingdom of Dali in Yunnan fell to the Mongol Yuan Dynasty around 1254. The Yuan ruled

432-467: The north, initial /k/, /kʰ/ and /m/ , when combined with certain vowels and final consonants, are pronounced /tʃ/ (written ky ), /tʃʰ/ (written khy ) and /mj/ (written my ). In Chinese Shan, initial /n/ becomes /l/ . In southwestern regions /m/ is often pronounced as /w/ . Initial /f/ only appears in the east, while in the other two dialects it merges with /pʰ/ . J. Marvin Brown divides

456-534: The northern, southern, and eastern dialects. Dialects differ to a certain extent in vocabulary and pronunciation, but are generally mutually intelligible. While the southern dialect has borrowed more Burmese words, eastern Shan is somewhat closer to Northern Thai language and Lao in vocabulary and pronunciation, and the northern so-called " Chinese Shan " is much influenced by the Yunnan-Chinese dialect. A number of words differ in initial consonants. In

480-683: The region indirectly in what was known as the Native Chieftain System . This kingdom had asserted some unity over the diversity of ethnic groups residing along the southwest frontier of Yunnan. After the Ming conquest of Yunnan the Möng Mao under Si Lunfa decided to submit to Ming authority. However, Möng Mao revolted in 1386 and led to the Ming–Mong Mao War (1386–1388) . In 1448, a combination of Ming , Sipsongpanna , and other allied forces subjugated Möng Mao . "Muang Mao"

504-431: The reign of Hso Hkan Hpa, their subsequent saopha have assassinated each other. The struggle for the throne led to Hso Kaa Hpa, son of Sao Chang Nyue from Mong Ri Mong Ram (different from Chao Chang Nyue, the 37th saopha of Mong Mao Long) and Mahadevi Phlak Hkam Hsen Mawng, daughter of Sao Tai Lung, the 45th (Sao Pam Myo Pung, his son the 46th saopha, handed over the throne to Hso Kaa Hpa) Hso Kaa Hpa had to evacuated from

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528-472: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tai Long . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tai_Long&oldid=1184547566 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text Short description

552-654: The three dialects of Shan State as follows: Prominent divergent dialects are considered separate languages, such as Khün (called Kon Shan by the Burmese), which is spoken in Kengtung valley. Chinese Shan is also called Tai Mao, referring to the old Shan State of Mong Mao . Tai Long is used to refer to the Southern Shan State dialect spoken in southern and central regions west of the Salween River ,

576-528: Was evolved from "dizzy" (ᥛᥝᥰ), it is because the mother of legendary king Chao U Ting felt dizzy when she was brought to the sky by a bird. The name "Möng Mao" is still used nowadays, as the official Tai Nuea name of Ruili City (ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ). Kosambi was an Indian ancient country, Mong Mao used Kosambi as his Buddhistic classical name. "Kosambi" is also called "Guo-zhan-bi" ( Tai Nüa : ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥓᥛᥱ ᥙᥤᥱ , Chinese: 果占璧 ) in Ruili, modern Dai people give

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