5-459: For a further discussion of this group as in use today, see the superfamily Tainocerataceae The Tainoceratina is a suborder within the Nautilida (Kümmel 1964) created by Shimanskiy on the assumption that the initial, or embryonic, whorl was the critical phylogenetic indicator, which resulted in combining otherwise unrelated and separating obviously related forms. The Tainoceratina rearranges
10-523: Is the ancestral family, derived from the Rutocerida rather than being an offshoot from the Rutoceratidae and that the various families included within are combined in unique superfamilies. Tainocerataceae The Tainoceratoidea are a superfamily in the cephalopod order Nautilida characterized by straight to loosely coiled shells, generally to a degree such that the width is greater than
15-999: The Tainoceratidae; the Temnocheilidae in the Koninckioceratidae, and the Actubonautilidae in the Rhiphaeoceratidae. According to Kümmel (1964) the Pleuronautilidae might be considered a subfamily within the Tainoceratidae, which would include, Encoiloceras , the only genus in the Encoiloceratidae. The Tainoceratina differs conceptually from the Tainocerataceae in that the Tetragonoceratidae
20-531: The height, to quadrate whorl section. Many bore spines, ribs, frills, wings, or nodes. In early forms, the siphuncle is generally near ventral, but more variable (usually central) in advanced forms. Tainoceratoids are derived from the Oncocerida through the Rutoceratidae which first appear in the Lower Devonian . The Rutoceratidae gave rise to the exclusively Devonian Tetragonoceratidae and early on
25-771: The precedented Tainocerataceae while excluding the ancestral Rutoceratidae. Three families, the Tainoceratidae, Tetragonoceratidae, and Rhiphaeoceratidae are in common with the Tainocerataeae, but with somewhat different meaning and content. Six additional families used in the Tainoceratina, the Actubonautilidae, Encoiloceratidae, Gzheloceratidae, Mosquoceratidae, Pleuronautilidae, and Temnocheilidae result from mixing genera from this family and that and redefining established families. None of these latter six are in common usage today. The Encoiloceratidae, Gzheloceratidae, Mosquoceratidae, and Pleuronautilidae are found in
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