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76-659: The unit was formed at Tainan , Taiwan (then part of the Empire of Japan ) on October 1, 1941 as part of the 23rd Air Flotilla . The unit's first commander was Captain Hiroshi Higuchi, who was relieved by Commander Masahisa Saito on 4 October 1941. Most of the unit's original pilots were veterans of aerial combat in the Second Sino-Japanese War . Just before the outbreak of war with the Allied powers ,

152-857: A consequence of the Chinese losing the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were ceded to Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki . The Republic of Formosa was proclaimed in Tainan in May 1895, in an effort to forestall the incoming Japanese occupation. A Japanese army arrived at Tainan in October 1895. Liu Yongfu and the other Republican leaders fled, leaving the city in disarray. A Scottish missionary, Thomas Barclay ,

228-408: A distinctive sweet and sour taste. Milkfish dishes are very popular in Tainan, where locals also call it "Koxinga's fish" ( Chinese : 國姓魚 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : kok-sèng-hî ). People believe the Chinese name of the fish ( 虱目魚 ; sat-ba̍k-hî ) was given by Koxinga, and this name has been loaned into Japanese as sabahī ( サバヒー ) . The fish are bred in farms located in the coastal outskirts of

304-470: A layer of groundwater. The development destroyed part of the historic Go-tiau-kang area. As a consequence, the Zhongzheng Road district, previously the most popular shopping precinct in Tainan since Japanese rule, went into decline due to the poor quality of the environment. By the mid-1990s, there was a growing awareness of the need to protect Tainan's historical and cultural treasures. Since then,

380-533: A military base for loyalists who wanted to restore the Ming dynasty . Koxinga set about making Taiwan a base for the Ming loyalist movement. Fort Provintia was renamed Tungtu , and Fort Zeelandia became Anping . Koxinga set up military colonies on the surrounding plains to help feed his forces. Many suburbs surrounding Tainan City today include in their names "Ying", "Jia", and "Tian", all derived from this event. After

456-521: A new special municipality. Tainan has been historically regarded as one of the oldest cities in Taiwan, and its former name, Tayouan, has been claimed to be the origin of the name "Taiwan". It is also one of Taiwan's cultural capitals, for its rich folk cultures including the famous local street food and traditional cuisine , extensively preserved Taoist rites and other living local traditions covering everything from child birth to funerals. The city houses

532-537: A proposal to become a special municipality in 2012. Executive Yuan approved the proposal and the special municipality of Taoyuan were formally established on December 25, 2014. Currently, there are in total six special municipalities under the central government . The special municipalities cover the top five most populous metropolitan areas in Taiwan and over two thirds (2/3) of the national population. There are currently six special municipalities: Their self-governed bodies (executive and legislature) regulated by

608-498: A small fort named 'Orange' on the sandy peninsula they called Tayouan (modern-day Anping ). The fort was then expanded and renamed Fort Zeelandia . The settlement was initially designed as a base to attack their Spanish rivals and as a trading post between China and Batavia in Indonesia. Later the post became the center of Dutch trade between China, Japan and Europe. During the governorship of Pieter Nuyts (1627–29), there

684-453: A special municipality. The 2007 amendment of Local Government Act states that a county or city with population over two million may grant some extra privileges in local autonomy that was designed for special municipalities. This type of counties are often called quasi-municipalities ( 準直轄市 ). Taipei County was the first division within this case. In 2009, another amendment of Local Government Act gave councils of counties and cities

760-521: A widespread new fertile plain across the Taijiang bay area between Tainan and Anping. A canal system called Go-tiau-kang ( 五條港 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Gō͘-tiâu-káng ) was built to keep the port in Tainan functioning but prevented large ships from entering the bay. From 1825 until 1866 a shipyard in Tainan produced warships for the Qing navy from native wood. After 174 years of restrictions on trade with

836-690: Is a special municipality in southern Taiwan , facing the Taiwan Strait on its western coast. Tainan is the oldest city on the island and commonly called the " prefectural capital" for its over 260 years of history as the capital of Taiwan under the Dutch rule , the Kingdom of Tungning and later Qing dynasty rule until 1887. Tainan's complex history of comebacks, redefinitions and renewals inspired its popular nickname "the Phoenix City". Tainan

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912-775: Is a percussion performance group established in the year 2000. The group is dedicated in producing percussion performances that highlights the history, the culture and the image of Taiwan. The group first performed internationally in the festivals during the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Following this event, the group has performed in many occasions both internationally and domestically. The group has its own campus located in an old sugar factory in Rende District . The campus provides education on percussion performances at all levels and regular performances to general public. On top of its plentiful living culture, Tainan host several museums and parks. The National Museum of Taiwan Literature

988-482: Is about fifteen feet in thickness, twenty-five in height, and some five miles in circumference. Lofty watch-towers are built over the four main gateways, and large spaces within the city are given to the principal temples and yamens —or quarters occupied by the civil and military mandarins. There is much need in Taiwan-fu for the carrying out of a City Improvement Scheme. Pleasant walks, no doubt, there are, and some of

1064-601: Is classified as a "Sufficiency"-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As Taiwan's oldest urban area with 400 years history, Tainan was initially established by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a ruling and trading base called Fort Zeelandia during the Dutch colonial rule on the island . After Koxinga seized the Dutch fort in 1662, Tainan remained as

1140-606: Is in the former city hall; National Museum of Taiwan History is in the Annan district; Chimei Museum is in the Rende district; Taijiang National Park follows the coast; Anping Historic Scenic Park includes the entire old Anping town and the north ward of Anping harbor; and Siraya National Scenic Area includes the Wusanto Reservoir built by Yoichi Hatta . In the city center, many historic monuments from Zheng's regime,

1216-823: Is performed in the Confucius worship ceremony. There are two Nanyin clubs in Tainan: Zhenshengshe, a 200-year-old club once dissolved in the 1980s for ten years which then returned with the support from younger generation musicians and Nanshengshe, a 95-year-old club performing globally. Music performance is being promoted in Tainan. Tainan City has its own Chinese orchestra and symphony orchestra. There are also private performance groups such as Chimei Mandolin Performance Group, Chimei Philharmonic Orchestra and Chang Jung Christianity University Symphony Orchestra. Ten Drum Art Percussion Group ( 十鼓擊樂團 )

1292-448: Is the highest level of the country's administrative structure and is equivalent to a province. After the suspension of the provincial governments of 2018, the special municipalities along with provincial cities and counties have all governed directly under the central government . Currently total six cities are designated as special municipalities: Taipei , Taoyuan , New Taipei , Taichung , Tainan , and Kaohsiung , all located in

1368-658: The Capitulation of Tainan by the invading forces of Japanese empire . Under Japanese rule , the city was the seat of Tainan Prefecture . After the surrender of Japan in World War II, the Republic of China took control of Taiwan in 1945 and reorganized the city as a provincial city in Taiwan Province ; a role that would remain in place until 2010 when the city was merged with nearby Tainan County into

1444-779: The Guadalcanal Campaign . In response that same day, 18 Tainan fighters escorted bombers from Rabaul for an attack on the Allied invasion fleet, the longest fighter mission of the war (556 miles each way) to that date. The Tainan claimed to have destroyed 43 enemy aircraft over Guadalcanal on that mission while losing two fighters with their pilots themselves. The Americans actually lost 10 aircraft, including nine of 18 fighters present, plus one dive bomber . The two Tainan pilots killed on this mission were Petty Officer First Class Yoshida and Petty Officer Second Class Nishiura One significant Tainan casualty over Guadalcanal that day

1520-532: The Kuomintang (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party) during the autocratic era . The city held its first councilor and mayoral elections in 1950. In the 1960s, Tainan was overtaken by Kaohsiung as the economic center of southern Taiwan due to the redevelopment of Kaohsiung port . While Tainan City struggled through the second half of twentieth century, the county, especially the river south region, benefited from prioritization by national programs. The completion of

1596-674: The Local Government Act are: In Taiwanese municipalities, the mayor is the highest-ranking official in charge. The mayor is directly elected by the people registered in the municipality for a duration of four years. In Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County , it was proposed in September 2021 that both are to be upgraded to the nation's newest special municipality. Similarly, Changhua County and Changhua City have been expressed interest to become its special municipality that October. The Tsai Ing-wen administration had approved

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1672-589: The National Highway No. 1 was followed by the building of many industrial parks and other road improvements. As a result, the city sprawled inland into North, East and then the Yongkang and Rende districts. In 1992, a redevelopment plan in the West district, to widen Haian Rd and build an underground plaza proved a failure as lack of geological surveying and overall planning meant that the works ran into

1748-544: The Qing dynasty , and the Japanese colonial era are preserved including the Confucius temple, two major city gates and former city hall. Tainan has a tangible sense of history and is the site of several spectacular religious festivals. As well as its string of forts, the first capital of Taiwan has some 300 ancient sanctuaries, from the island's first Confucian temple to its first Taoist temple. The Taiwan Confucian Temple (or

1824-432: The "Weaving Maid Goddess" ( Chinese : 七娘媽 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Chhit-niû-má ), the children's goddess, to wish for goodwill. Traditionally Chinese people step into adulthood when they are 20. In Tainan, there is a large ritual celebration for all 16-year-olds on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the goddess's birthday. This extended celebration is unique to Tainan: In the past, families with children working in

1900-580: The 1650s, it had overtaken Batavia. Koxinga (also known as Zheng Chenggong) was a Ming loyalist and chief commander of the Ming troops on the maritime front for the later emperors of the withering dynasty. In 1661, Koxinga attacked the Dutch colonists in Taiwan. After a nine-month siege, the Dutch Governor of Taiwan, Frederik Coyett , surrendered Fort Zeelandia to Koxinga on 1 February 1662. This effectively ended 38 years of Dutch rule on Taiwan. Koxinga then devoted himself to transforming Taiwan into

1976-677: The Australian and American forces stationed at Port Moresby . Between April and July, the Tainan Air Group flew 51 missions, totalling 602 sorties . During this time, the unit claimed to have destroyed 300 enemy aircraft. The Tainan's losses were 20 aircraft. Replacement aircraft gave the unit a total of 24 Zeros by August 1942, flown by 55 pilots. Because of the surplus in aircrew, only the most experienced pilots were allowed to fly combat missions. On August 7, United States Marines landed on Japanese-occupied Guadalcanal , initiating

2052-597: The Europeans, the Qing reopened Anping port as part of the Tianjin treaty following the Second Opium War in 1858. The Anping Customs house was established in 1864. Western merchants built trading posts near the remains of Fort Zeelandia . Following the murder of 54 Japanese sailors by Paiwan aborigines near the southwestern tip of Taiwan in 1871, the punitive Japanese Expedition of 1874 to Taiwan revealed

2128-640: The Scholarly Temple) was built in 1665 by Cheng Ching, son of Koxinga, to offer lectures and cultivate intellectuals. It was the first learning institute for children when Taiwan was ruled by the Qing dynasty . As a result, it is also called the First Academy of Taiwan. Special municipality (Taiwan) Special municipality , historically known as Yuan -controlled municipality , is a first-level administrative division unit in Taiwan . It

2204-566: The Southeast Pacific were reorganized. The Tainan was redesignated as the 251 Air Group and reconstituted with replacement aircrews. The 20 surviving pilots of the Tainan were transferred to Japan to help form new fighter units. Bergerud says only 10 pilots were left and that the new unit was not called the " 251st Air Group ". Each digit in "251" refers to a discrete attribute of the new organization. Tainan Tainan ( / ˈ t aɪ ˈ n ɑː n / ), officially Tainan City ,

2280-405: The Tainan pilots to fly from Rabaul to Guadalcanal severely hampered the unit's attempts to establish air superiority over the island. The unit also continued to support bombing missions against Port Moresby. Between August and November 1942, the Tainan lost 32 pilots killed in action. Junichi Sasai was killed on August 26 and Toshio Ōta on October 21. On November 1, 1942 the Japanese naval units in

2356-495: The Taiwanese cultural capitals for its abundant historic monument and citizen lifestyle. The city is dotted by Taoist temples, Buddhist temples and churches. Many of them are among the oldest in Taiwan. The city also has its own unique traditions and cuisines developed by Chinese frontiers over its long history. The lives of Tainan citizens are closely related to many Chinese Deities and temples . Parents bring their children to

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2432-554: The Zheng family. Taiwan Prefecture was established, with its prefectural seat Taiwanfu at modern-day Tainan. Taiwan County is also established as the first county of the Prefecture, located around the prefecture seat. In 1721, Chinese peasants and indigenous tribes rose in rebellion against Qing misrule. The rebels, led by Zhu Yigui , captured Tainan without a fight. Turmoil ensued as the rebels soon fought amongst themselves. It

2508-710: The bay of Sakam village (modern-day Fort Provintia ). The Chinese adopted Taioan  [ zh ] (modern-day Anping ) as the name of the sandbar. Slightly north of Taioan , along the shoreline near Bassemboy ( 北線尾 ; Pak-siàn-bóe ), Japanese traders established bases for trade with China. The early Chinese and Japanese also traded with the Sirayan people. Salt and food was exchanged for deer hides and dried deer meat. The Siraya people were influenced by both Chinese and Japanese cultures and lifestyles. They started to use Chinese words in their language, use Japanese tantō in ritual events, and also migrated inland due to

2584-526: The capital city. The Japanese transformed Tainan by building modern infrastructure, including schools, a courthouse, city hall, new telecommunication facilities, an extensive freight and passenger rail network, a new Anping canal replacing the Go-tiau-kang , an airport, and an irrigation system across the Tainan and Chiayi regions. Modern urban designs were introduced; old narrow streets and city walls were demolished and replaced with wide streets that form

2660-481: The capital of the Tungning Kingdom ruled by House of Koxinga until 1683 and afterwards the capital of Taiwan Prefecture under the Qing dynasty until 1887, when the new provincial capital was first moved to present-day Taichung , and then to Taipei eventually. Following the cession of Taiwan , Tainan became the second capital of the short-lived Republic of Formosa from June to October in 1895 until

2736-455: The castle were built using bricks taken from Fort Zeelandia. After over 200 years of development, Tainan had become the largest city in Taiwan and a Chinese city with foreign influence. The following is a description of the city by the Scottish missionary William Campbell upon his first arrival to the island in 1871: As to Taiwan-fu itself, I may say that the brick wall which surrounds it

2812-473: The center of Taiwanese coffee culture with a number of coffee producers in the hills around the city. Coffee plants were first brought to Tainan in 1884 by the British. Tainan is famous for its diversity and density of temples and shrines . Some of them are the only of its kind on Taiwan Island. In all, there are officially listed seven Buddhist temples and eight Taoist shrines (七寺八廟). As of 2015 , Tainan has

2888-435: The centers of faith in Tainan. Due to its abundant numbers of temples and shrines, the traditional temple decoration crafters and their business flourishes in Tainan. There are existing masters still passing on their knowledge and skills to preserve the temples in the traditional way. Nanyin and Shisanyin were the first types of Chinese music introduced to Tainan; Nanyin is performed mostly for entertainment while Shisanyin

2964-405: The city. Many Tainan restaurants and snack stands have histories that trace back to the Qing or Japanese eras. On Guo Hua Street (國華街), a lot of restaurants and street vendors sell local cuisine, including such dishes as "savory rich pudding" ( 碗粿 ), o-a-tsian ( oyster omelet ), gua bao , and popiah . Local people tend to have these dishes either in the morning or at noon. Tainan is considered

3040-520: The cityscape of the modern-day Tainan city center. They also introduced much needed sanitary reforms. The Republic of China (ROC) took over Taiwan on 25 October 1945 after World War II . Tainan City and Tainan County were established and became separate local entities under Taiwan Province in 1946. There was civil unrest in Tainan as part of the February 28 Incident in 1947. Tang De-Jhang , an ethnic Japanese man and Japanese educated lawyer,

3116-474: The death of Koxinga in 1662, his son, Zheng Jing , changed the name of Dongdu to Dong Ning. His chief minister, Chen Yonghua , introduced Chinese bureaucracy, built the first Confucius temple on the island, and introduced the method of salt production to coastal areas. The British were invited to set up a trading post in Anping to continue trade between Taiwan, Japan, and South East Asia. This helped to maintain

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3192-489: The design of their houses as a symbol of spiritual security. During the more than 200 years that Tainan spent as the local capital the population developed cosmopolitan tastes due to exposure to food from around the world. Portions are often larger than elsewhere in Taiwan. Many well-known Taiwanese food dishes originated in Tainan. Since Tainan was a center of sugar production, Tainan cuisine tends to be sweeter than other Taiwanese cuisines. For example, eel noodle soup has

3268-675: The early 1990s, more thoughts of administrative division reform and reorganization were widely discussed. The Local Government Act ( 地方制度法 ) was passed by the Legislative Yuan (the Parliament) in 1999. This Act regulates the local self-governance bodies and came with some articles to deal with the possible changes of administrative divisions. In the Act also states that cities with population of over 1,250,000 and with significance on political, economic and cultural development may form

3344-462: The end of World War II , the island of Taiwan (Formosa) was under Japanese rule , with 11 cities established within its administrative divisions . Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Republic of China (ROC) took control of Taiwan, most of pre-1945 cities in Taiwan were reorganized as provincial cities , but Yilan and Hualien became the first two county-administered cities . After

3420-625: The end of the campaign in March, the unit was integrated into the 25th Air Flotilla and redeployed to recently captured Rabaul , New Britain and Lae , Papua New Guinea in April. As of 25 April 1942, due to operational and combat losses, the Tainan Air Group, now under the command of Captain Masahisa Saitō, counted 26 Zero and six Type 96 "Claude" fighters. The unit initially concentrated its aircraft at Lae to support an air campaign against

3496-546: The first Confucian school–temple in Taiwan, built in 1665, the remains of the Eastern and Southern gates of the old city, and countless other historical monuments. Tainan claims more Buddhist and Taoist temples than any other city in Taiwan. Archaeological excavations in Zuojhen District suggest that the Tainan region has been inhabited for at least 20,000 to 31,000 years. The indigenous Siraya tribe dominated

3572-407: The first authority to claim control of the whole of Formosa, with Fort Zeelandia as the seat of government. Tensions arose between the Dutch and the Chinese inhabitants of Taiwan due to heavy Dutch taxation and Dutch participation in plunder during the collapse of the Ming dynasty . Eventually, this led to the brief, but bloody, Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The Dutch crushed the revolt only with

3648-533: The fragility of the Qing dynasty's hold on Taiwan. As a result, the Qing sent the imperial commissioner Shen Baozhen to Taiwan to strengthen its defense. In Tainan, Shen made several efforts to modernize the defenses including inviting French engineers to design the Eternal Golden Castle in Erkunshen. He also recommended setting up a telegraph cable link between Tainan and Amoy . Some parts of

3724-544: The government and civil societies have worked to protect Tainan's heritage. It is an ongoing issue for Tainan to protect its past while reviving its old business center. Following the establishment of the Southern Taiwan Science Park in 1995, the outskirt of the city saw a rapid growth in population through the 2000s. The city became more prosperous after the completion of several major transport infrastructure plans. The city center shifted eastward in

3800-588: The harbour took the advantage of this ceremony to show the employers that their children should be paid in adult rate after this day. Before any form of examination, people visit the temple of Wenchangdijun , the God of Literature, to pray for blessings of good grades. One of the Wenchang temples is on the top floor of the Fort Provintia . Many final-year high school students preparing for university exams visit

3876-452: The help of the local Sinkanese. The settlements near to Fort Zeelandia expanded as a result of the Dutch trading post in the area. In 1653, the Dutch built a new fort, Fort Provintia , in the Sakam area as a center for an agricultural colony. The Dutch encouraged Chinese farmers to migrate to Taiwan to grow rice and sugar cane. The Dutch settlement in southern Taiwan was so successful that, by

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3952-469: The influx of newcomers. By the time the Europeans arrived, the influence of Chinese and Japanese traders and fishermen was already prominent. Early Dutch colonists had attempted but failed to control Macau and the Penghu islands . In July 1622, the Dutch East India Company textile merchant Cornelis Reyersz sailed to Taiwan in search of a suitable location to build a trading post. In 1624 he established

4028-622: The loss of the mainland to the Chinese Communist Party in 1949, all the special municipalities established in mainland China were lost. The new communist-led People's Republic of China government replaced the Yuan-controlled municipalities with direct-controlled municipalities . The Kuomintang -led government of the Republic of China lost the Chinese Civil War and relocated to Taipei , Taiwan. By

4104-462: The mid-1990s, closer to the densely populated Yongkang, East and North districts. There are several redevelopment plans to transform these districts into the new business centers of the city. On March 19, 2004 , President Chen Shui-bian was shot while campaigning for reelection in Tainan, a city that has been a major center for the pro-independent movement since the end of Japanese rule. On October 21, 2008, Chinese ARATS Vice President Zhang Mingqing

4180-458: The most densely populated regions in the western half of the island. These special municipalities encompass five most populous metropolitan areas in Taiwan , accounting for more than two-thirds of the national population. The first municipalities of the ROC were established in 1927 soon after they were designated as "cities" during the 1920s. Nominally, Dairen was a municipality as well, although it

4256-485: The most numbers of registered temples among other municipalities, cities or counties in Taiwan, reaching 1,613 temples. The seven Buddhist temples are: The eight Taoist shrines are: There are many other well-known temples and shrines not on this list, such as Anping District 's Tianhou Temple (supposedly the oldest on Taiwan proper), the Altar of Heaven temple (天壇), and the re-built Xilai temple (西來庵) etc. They are all

4332-598: The next year, Shilin and Beitou of Yangmingshan Administrative Bureau (a county -equivalent administrative division) were also merged into Taipei. In 1979, the major international port and industrial city in the southwest of the country — Kaohsiung — were also upgraded to a special municipality. Territory of the Kaohsiung special municipality includes the original provincial Kaohsiung City and Siaogang Township in Kaohsiung County . At this time, Taiwan

4408-492: The rebellion began, Xilai Temple in Tainan ( 臺南西來庵 ), was demolished. The event marked a turning point in Japanese policy from forced pacification to full integration of Taiwan into the Japanese Empire. The Japanese renamed the city to Tainan Chō ( 臺南廳 ) in 1901, and then Tainan Shū ( 臺南州 ) in 1920. Tainan Prefecture included modern-day Yunlin , Chiayi , and the wider region of Tainan. Tainan served as

4484-633: The region as a center of trade. The death of Zheng Jing in 1681 was followed by a struggle for succession. Seizing the advantage presented by the infighting, on July 17, 1683, Qing naval commander Shi Lang defeated the Tungning fleet in the Battle of Penghu . Two days later, Qing troops landed at Tungning and encountered little resistance. In 1684 the kingdom was incorporated into the Qing Empire as part of Fujian province, ending two decades of rule by

4560-640: The region by the 16th century. The Sakam people of the Sinkan sub-tribe inhabited the area of the present-day city. Other Sirayan sub-tribes, including the Soelangh, Mattauw and Baccloangh inhabited the surrounding area. By the late 16th century, Chinese merchants and fishermen had set up several bases along the west coast of the island, including a sandbar across the Taikang Inner Sea ( Chinese : 臺江內海 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tâi-kang lāi-hái ) off

4636-507: The right to file petitions to reform themselves into special municipalities. Four proposals were approved by the Executive Yuan in 2009 The four newly created special municipalities were formally established on December 25, 2010 with the inauguration of the new mayors. In June 2010, the population of Taoyuan County also grew over 2 million and were qualified for being a quasi-municipality since 2011. The county government also sent

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4712-426: The shops have an appearance which is decidedly attractive; but, as a rule, the streets are narrow, winding, ill-paved, and odorous. In 1885, the Qing government commenced work to develop the island into Taiwan Province . The capital of the island (and its designation as "Taiwanfu") was moved to Toatun (modern-day Taichung ). The name of the old Taiwanfu was changed to Tainanfu , the seat of Tainan Prefecture . As

4788-628: The temple in June, before the exam. Those seeking for good marriage will worship Yuelao , the God of Marriage. People also visit temples for many reasons, from simply praying for good luck to celebrating particular Deity's birthday to even communicating with the Netherworld. A wedding ceremony in Tainan is a series of complex processes that are very exact and detailed. Both groom and bride need to prepare 12 specific gifts representing different meanings during their engagement ceremony with more to come in

4864-535: The time of its retreat, no special municipalities was established in Taiwan or other territories under effective control of the ROC government. In 1967, Taipei City, the first special municipality in Taiwan was created. Taipei served as the capital of the country starting in 1949 and was at the time the most populous city. The scope of the Taipei special municipality includes the original provincial City of Taipei and 4 of its neighboring townships in Taipei County , including Neihu , Nangang , Muzha and Jingmei . In

4940-445: The unit consisted of 45 A6M Zero and 12 Type 96 fighter aircraft. On 8 December 1941 forty-four Tainan aircraft escorted IJN bombers in attacks on US aircraft at Iba and Clark airfields on Luzon in the Philippines, a distance of 500 miles each way. The attacks almost completely destroyed General Douglas MacArthur 's air forces. On 10 December Tainan Zeros shot down the B-17 bomber piloted by Colin Kelly . Later that month,

5016-490: The unit redeployed to the Philippines and continued to support Japanese forces as they overran and destroyed the territory's American and Filipino defenses. The Tainan Naval Air Group then moved to Tarakan Island , followed by moves to Balikpapan and Denpasar , Bali to support the successful Japanese offensive into the Dutch East Indies beginning in January 1942. The unit's fighters helped inflict heavy losses on defending Allied aircraft in January and February 1942. With

5092-434: The wedding. People believe this complexity is a sign of being civilized. Anping residents use a special symbol called Sword Lion to keep bad spirits away. During Zheng's regime, Anping was one of Koxinga's main naval stations. When returning home from military drills, soldiers would put lion-face shields on the main gates of their houses and insert their swords crosswise in the lion's mouth. Locals incorporate this symbol into

5168-420: The whole island and was supported by both Chinese and indigenous Taiwanese. The Japanese crushed the uprising. Many villages were destroyed and thousands of people were killed during the repression which followed. Yu Qingfang was captured on August 22, 1915. More than 800 people were sentenced to death in Tainan. Over 100 of them were executed while the rest were pardoned by the new Taishō Emperor . The place where

5244-421: Was under Japanese control . It consisted of the original 11 cities of Nanjing , Shanghai , Beiping (Beijing) , Tianjin , Qingdao , Chongqing , Xi'an , Canton , Hankou District (now part of Wuhan ), Shenyang , and Harbin . These cities were first called special municipalities/cities ( 特別市 ; tèbiéshì ), but were later renamed Yuan -controlled municipalities ( 院辖市 ; 院轄市 ; yuànxiáshì ). Before

5320-471: Was Saburō Sakai, who was seriously injured and forced into a two-year recuperation. The US Marines on August 8 captured an airfield (later called Henderson Field ) under construction by the Japanese on Guadalcanal which was soon operational with Allied aircraft. Over the next several months, Tainan aircraft based at Rabaul engaged in repeated dogfights with Allied aircraft, called the Cactus Air Force , based on Guadalcanal. The extreme distances required for

5396-492: Was a member of government which set up "The February 28 Incident Commission" and a popular candidate for city mayor, was accused of being a separatist and arrested by the ROC army on March 11. He was tortured and executed the next day in the park in front of Tainan City Hall (now named Tang Te-chang Memorial Park ). Tang was posthumously pronounced not guilty by court later in March. Like other regions in Taiwan, many people in Tainan suffered for their real or perceived opposition to

5472-638: Was chosen by local elites and foreign merchants to negotiate the Japanese entry into the city. As a result, Tainan was taken without resistance . Under Japanese rule , Tainan was initially administered under Tainan Ken ( 臺南縣 ) . With a population of about 50,000 in 1904, Tainan was Taiwan's most populous city. The anti-Japanese uprising known as the Tapani Incident began in Ta-pa-ni (modern-day Yujing ) on April 9, 1915. The revolt, led by Yu Qingfang  [ zh ] , spread quickly across

5548-595: Was hostility between the Dutch and Japanese merchants, leading at one point to Nuyts being held hostage by a Japanese trader, Hamada Yahee. The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636. They aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the south-western region of the island. In 1642 the Dutch seized the Spanish garrison at Santisima Trinidad in Keelung . The Dutch East India Company became

5624-601: Was injured when he encountered protesters in Tainan Confucius Temple. In June 2009, the Executive Yuan approved the plan to merge Tainan County and Tainan City to form a larger municipality of Tainan City. On 25 December 2010, Tainan County and Tainan City merged to become Tainan special municipality . On February 6, 2016, the area was hit by a 6.4 magnitude earthquake, causing 116 fatalities and major damage, including building collapses (see 2016 Kaohsiung earthquake ). Tainan claims its name as one of

5700-456: Was only after a Qing army was dispatched from mainland China that order was restored. Zhu was captured and executed. As Qing law prohibited the building of city walls in Taiwan, Qing authorities decided to create a defensive boundary around the city by growing bamboo around the perimeter. After several further uprisings across the island, work on a city wall began in the late 1780s. A flood in 1823 brought rich silt from nearby rivers, which formed

5776-413: Was under martial law . All national and municipal level elections were suspended. The mayors of Taipei and Kaohsiung were assigned by the Executive Yuan (central government), not by elections until 1994. For this reason the special municipalities were also called Yuan-controlled municipalities ( Chinese : 院轄市 ; pinyin : yuànxiáshì ) at this period. Following the democratic reforms in

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