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20-449: The amount of wire required to operate Taisun is nearly 50,000 meters or just over 31 miles, allowing it to lift a maximum of 80 meters. Taisun was built to install very large (up to 20,000 tons) integrated modules on top of a vessel's hull. Traditionally, offshore vessels such as drilling semi submersibles or FPSOs were built from the ground up in modules of 1000 to 2000 tons, which meant that much installation, hook up and commissioning work

40-479: A barge, ballasted with water. However, it was surpassed by the Honghai Crane when the new crane was completed in 2014, with a lift capacity at 22,000 tonnes. Man-hour A man-hour or human-hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour . It is used for estimation of the total amount of uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. For example, researching and writing

60-672: A college paper might require eighty man-hours, while preparing a family banquet from scratch might require ten man-hours. Man-hours exclude the breaks that people generally require from work, e.g. for rest, eating, and other bodily functions. They count only pure labor. Managers count the man-hours and add break time to estimate the amount of time a task will actually take to complete. Thus, while one college course's written paper might require twenty man-hours to carry out, it almost certainly will not get done in twenty consecutive hours. Its progress will be interrupted by work for other courses, meals, sleep, and other human necessities. The advantage of

80-623: A number of US national boards and committees, including: In chronological order: In January 2005, he gave the Turing Lecture on the subject of "Collaboration and Telecollaboration in Design". Brooks was an evangelical Christian who was active with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship . Brooks married Nancy Lee Greenwood in 1956. They have three children. He named his first son after Kenneth E. Iverson . Brooks died on November 17, 2022, at age 91. He had been in poor health following

100-538: A task, including required recovery times from physically strenuous work, as well as legally required breaks or other human interactions. If it includes 15-minute breaks, it is written as (PSH15). A related concept is productive machine hours (PMH). Frederick P. Brooks Frederick Phillips Brooks Jr. (April 19, 1931 – November 17, 2022) was an American computer architect , software engineer , and computer scientist , best known for managing development of IBM 's System/360 family of mainframe computers and

120-676: A year varies greatly according to cultural norms and economics . The average annual hours actually worked per person in employment as reported by OECD countries in 2007, for example, ranged from a minimum of 1,389 hours (in the Netherlands ) to a maximum of 2,316 hours (in South Korea ). The concept of productive system hours (PSH) has been used in forestry in Austria and by extension to other work. It includes time for breaks and can be used to calculate how long it may take to complete

140-688: Is also known for the paper "No Silver Bullet – Essence and Accident in Software Engineering" . In 2004 in a talk at the Computer History Museum and also in a 2010 interview in Wired magazine, Brooks was asked "What do you consider your greatest technological achievement?" Brooks responded, "The most important single decision I ever made was to change the IBM 360 series from a 6- bit byte to an 8-bit byte, thereby enabling

160-496: Is of most use when considering 'piece-work', where the activity being managed consists of discrete activities having simple dependencies, and where other factors can be neglected. Therefore, adding another person to a packaging team will increase the output of that team in a predictable manner. In transport industry, this concept is superseded by passenger-mile and tonne-mile for better costing accuracy. In reality, other factors intervene to complicate this model. If some elements of

180-475: Is that organization, training, and co-ordination activities could more than outweigh the potential benefits of adding extra staff to work on a task, especially if considered only over a shorter time period. The similar concept of a man-day , man-week , man-month , or man-year is used on large projects . It is the amount of work performed by an average worker during one day, week, month, or year, respectively. The number of hours worked by an individual during

200-558: The OS/360 software package. During this time he coined the term " computer architecture ". In 1964, Brooks accepted an invitation to come to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and founded the university's computer science department. He chaired it for 20 years. As of 2013 he was still engaged in active research there, mainly in virtual environments and scientific visualization . The Brooks Computer Science Building on

220-537: The OS/360 software support package, then later writing candidly about those experiences in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month . In 1976, Brooks was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to computer system design and the development of academic programs in computer sciences". Brooks received many awards, including the National Medal of Technology in 1985 and

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240-566: The Turing Award in 1999. Born on April 19, 1931, in Durham, North Carolina , he attended Duke University , graduating in 1953 with a Bachelor of Science degree in physics , and he received a Ph.D. in applied mathematics ( computer science ) from Harvard University in 1956, supervised by Howard Aiken . Brooks served as the graduate teaching assistant for Ken Iverson at Harvard's graduate program in "automatic data processing",

260-643: The UNC-Chapel Hill campus is named in his honor. A few years after leaving IBM, he wrote The Mythical Man-Month . The seed for the book was planted by IBM's then-CEO Thomas J. Watson Jr. , who asked in Brooks's exit interview why it was so much harder to manage software projects than hardware projects. In this book, Brooks made the now-famous statement: "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later", which has since come to be known as Brooks's law . In addition to The Mythical Man-Month , Brooks

280-665: The first such program in the world. Brooks joined IBM in 1956, working in Poughkeepsie, New York , and Yorktown, New York . He worked on the architecture of the IBM 7030 Stretch , a $ 10 million scientific supercomputer of which nine were sold, and the IBM 7950 Harvest computer for the National Security Agency. Subsequently, he became manager for developing the IBM System/360 family of computers and

300-459: The man-hour concept is that it can be used to estimate the impact of staff changes on the amount of time required for a task, which can done by dividing the number of man-hours by the number of workers available. For example, if a task takes 20 man-hours to complete then a team of 2 people will complete it in 10 hours of work, while a team of 5 people will complete it in 4 hours. This is, of course, only appropriate to certain types of activities. It

320-418: The per person productivity of the individual worker. Another example is the adage, "Just because a woman can make a baby in nine months, it does not follow that nine women can make a baby in one month." This adage is often cited in systems development to justify the belief that adding more staff to a project does not guarantee it will get done quicker. Another problem with this model, as Fred Brooks noted,

340-518: The same. Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale further lead to a non-linear relationship between the number of workers doing a given task and the amount of time it takes them to complete it. Some tasks cannot be done by less than a required minimum number of workers (e.g. lifting heavy loads) or they will be done with drastically better efficiency if the workforce exceeds a minimum efficient scale . In other cases an excessive number of workers might get in each other's way, reducing efficiency and

360-411: The task have a natural timespan, adding more staff will have a reduced effect: although having two chefs will double the speed of some elements of food preparation, they roast a chicken no faster than one chef. Some tasks also have a natural number of staff associated with them: the time to chop the vegetables will be halved with the addition of the second chef, but the time to carve the chicken will remain

380-609: The use of lowercase letters. That change propagated everywhere." A "20th anniversary" edition of The Mythical Man-Month with four additional chapters was published in 1995. As well as The Mythical Man-Month , Brooks has authored or co-authored many books and peer reviewed papers including Automatic Data Processing , " No Silver Bullet ", Computer Architecture , and The Design of Design . His contributions to human–computer interaction are described in Ben Shneiderman 's HCI pioneers website. Brooks served on

400-512: Was left to be done on board where access is limited and efficiency is decreased. Taisun facilitates simultaneous construction of the lower and upper parts of the vessel which allows for a shorter overall project schedule, manpower improvements of up to two million man-hours while safety and quality levels are improved. The Guinness World Records state that Taisun holds the world record for "heaviest weight lifted by crane", set on April 18, 2008 at 20,133 metric tonnes (44,385,667.25 lb) by lifting

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