Tall Bazi , is an ancient Near East archaeological site in Raqqa Governorate of Syria in the same general area as Mari and Ebla . It is located on the east bank of Euphrates river in upper Syria, about 60 kilometers south of Turkey border. It is considered a twin site to the adjacent Tell Banat Complex. Both were occupied in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC with Banat being the focus in the early part and Bazi in the later. Tall Bazi has been proposed as the location of Armanum , known from texts of Sargon and Naram-Sin in the Akkadian period, during the reign of Naram-Sin of Akkad . It was occupied into the Mitanni period, with an occupational gap after c. 2300 BC, at which time it was destroyed. In the Late Roman Empire a large building was constructed at the top of the main mound, using the remaining Late Bronze Age fortification walls.
30-569: In ancient times, the site consisted of a large lower town and the high citadel. Also nearby, about one half a kilometer to the south, the large Tell Banat Complex was located on the lower ground. It consisted of several tells and the lower town. Around 1999, because of the construction of the Tishrin Dam nearby, the whole area was flooded, and only the Tall Bazi citadel still remains above water. Both Tall Bazi and Tall Banat were located along
60-594: A fortified wall gate. The citadel, along with occupation on Tell Bannat, was destroyed c. 2300 BC and a gap in occupation ensued. The Northern Town of the lower area was occupied beginning in the Middle Bronze Age and was destroyed at the same time as the Western Town, in the Late Bronze Age. A geomagnetic prospection followed by excavation at four locations showed that the original portion was
90-623: A grown settlement with later construction matching the planned houses of the Western Town. The main mound has been dubbed the "Citadel". It contained a large (37.6 meter long by 15.8 meter wide) temple built in the Middle Bronze Age (on top of an Early Bronze Age palace) still in use when it was destroyed at the same time as the 200 meter by 250 meter lower town in the Late Bronze Age. In the Middle Bronze II, Tall Bazi would have been in between larger powers like Carchemish (north), Aleppo (west; Yamhad), and Mari (southeast). In this period
120-421: A table-like installation on the short wall opposite the door associated with vessels, bones, and other objects leading the excavator to consider them to be for domestic cult practices. In one house a large number of weight stones belonging to different weight systems were found, suggesting it was an office of merchants. The Northern Town and Citadel were destroyed at the same time. No human remains were found. Due to
150-613: Is 40 metres (130 ft) high and has 6 water turbines capable of producing 630 MW. Construction lasted between 1991 and 1999. Rescue excavations in the area that would be flooded by the dam's reservoir have provided important information on ancient settlement in the area from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period upward. The Tishrin Dam is a hydroelectric rock-fill dam on the Euphrates, located upstream from
180-831: Is a member of the International Council for Science and has numerous counterparts around the globe such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China , the National Science Foundation (US) and the Royal Society (UK). The DFG has several representative offices in Asia, North America and Europe and also maintains the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion , which was jointly founded by
210-810: The Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft (NG) ("Emergency Association of German Science") was renamed the Deutsche Gemeinschaft zur Erhaltung und Förderung der Forschung ("German Foundation for the Preservation and Promotion of Research"), for short known as the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Even before the election of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi party) to power in 1933, projects funded by
240-549: The 18 hectare city was probably named Baṣīru. The two cuneiform tablets found at the site indicate that, in the Mittani period, the city did not have a king, but was governed by the city elders. In the remains of the temple on the main mound were found evidence of significant production and ritual consumption of beer as well as two cuneiform land grant tablets of the Mitanni period one (Bz 51) sealed by ruler Saushtatar which gave
270-577: The DFG and the National Natural Science Foundation of China . On 9 June 2012, DFG launched a centre in Hyderabad , to expand its presence in India . The German-based research foundation and India 's Department of Science and Technology are together working on 40 bilateral research projects in science and engineering. The German Research Foundation is a member of Science Europe . The Heisenberg Programme of
300-603: The DFG is aimed at young outstanding scientists who meet all the requirements for appointment to a permanent professorship. The programme was named after the German physicist Werner Heisenberg , who received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 31. The funding programme aims to enable scientists to prepare for a scientific leadership position and to work on further research topics during this time. The maximum funding period
330-890: The Euphrates as it enters Syria from Turkey . Lack of maintenance may also have been a cause. The Tishrin Dam is the last of three dams that Syria has built on the Euphrates. The other two dams are the Tabqa Dam, finished in 1973, and the Baath Dam , finished in 1986. In the 2000s, Syria had plans to build a fourth dam on the Euphrates between Raqqa and Deir ez-Zor – the Halabiye Dam . The Tishrin Dam Reservoir has flooded an area in which numerous archaeological sites were located. To preserve or document as much information from these sites as possible, archaeological excavations were carried out at 15 of them during construction of
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#1732775507252360-837: The Euphrates river. During the Early Bronze Age, a massive town wall protected this whole settlement area away from the river. This Banat-Bazi complex started about 2600 B.C., and continued during the Early Bronze Age III and IV. An Early Bronze palace was found beneath the Middle Bronze temple. The earlier occupation of the Citadel dates back to the Late Early Dynastic period and Akkadian period. Numerous clay bi-conical sling shots as well as leaf shaped flint arrowheads were found especially around
390-697: The NG had worked diligently on Nazi-aligned research, especially German ethnographic research in Eastern Europe that would lay the foundations for the Hitlerite " Lebensraum " and extermination policies; during the National Socialist period, the NG leadership showed itself ready and willing to adapt to the "new era" by gearing its funding practices towards issues related to German rearmament and autarky , essentially aligning its goals with those of
420-518: The Tishrin Dam. Apart from the Euphrates, the Tishrin Dam reservoir is also fed by the Sajur River . Construction started in 1991 and was completed in 1999. One reason for the construction of the Tishrin Dam was the lower than expected power output of the hydroelectrical power station at the Tabqa Dam. This disappointing performance can be attributed to the lower than expected water flow in
450-434: The city, and it lasted up to a century before being violently destroyed. It contained about 100 houses with a central market area and planned 6 meter wide main roads with spurs into residential areas. Houses were built to a standard design with little variation. Destruction appears to have come quickly as most material was still in place. Each house had its own oven for baking and vats for the production of beer. Most houses had
480-569: The dam from Syrian Government forces of President Bashar al-Assad during a battle of the Syrian Civil War . The dam's capture cut off a major government supply line to and from Raqqa, while unifying stretches of rebel territory on either side of the Euphrates River. The dam's capture also cut off one of the last government supply lines to Aleppo, further encircling soldiers fighting in the city. In September 2014, ISIL captured
510-484: The dam from rebel forces. In December 2015, the Syrian Democratic Forces captured the dam from ISIL . German Research Foundation The German Research Foundation ( German : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft] ; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː] ) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for
540-423: The dam. Among the oldest excavated and now flooded sites is Jerf el Ahmar , where a French mission worked between 1995 and 1999. Their work revealed that the site had been occupied between 9200 and 8700 BC at the end of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period and the beginning of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B . In its multiple occupation phases , the site contained a sequence of round and rectangular buildings. In
570-472: The later occupation levels of the site, a number of buildings have been excavated that were partly dug into the soil and had stone walls. Their size, internal division, decoration and the finds of human skulls as foundation deposits led the excavators to suggest that these buildings had a communal function. These finds were deemed so important that in 1999, flooding of the Tishrin Dam Reservoir
600-710: The lower town of Tall Bazi is now under water. The main mound (the Citadel) is still above water. The adjacent third millennium BC archaeological complex at Tall Banat was entirely flooded. Tishrin Dam The Tishrin Dam ( Arabic : سد تشرين , romanized : Sadd Tišrīn , lit. 'October Dam') is a dam on the Euphrates , located 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Aleppo in Aleppo Governorate , Syria . The dam
630-609: The mound was turned into a military emplacement with much of the remains, including the temple, being destroyed by bulldozer activity. Archaeological finds still being held at the site were robbed away by ISIS. In ancient times, Tall Bazi was possibly part of the Tell Banat Settlement Complex (Tell Banat, Tell Banat North, and Tell Kabir). The area was excavated as part of the Euphrates Salvage Project. The site of Tell Saghir, adjacent to
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#1732775507252660-456: The much larger Tabqa Dam . The dam is 40 metres (130 ft) high and has 6 turbines capable of producing 630 MW. Annual power production of the Tishrin Dam is expected to be 1.6 billion kilowatt hour . The capacity of the 60 kilometres (37 mi) long reservoir is 1.3 cubic kilometres (0.31 cu mi), which is small compared to the capacity of Lake Assad of 11.7 cubic kilometres (2.8 cu mi) directly downstream from
690-613: The new regime. By the end of World War II in Germany, in 1945, the DFG was no longer active. In 1949, after formation of the Federal Republic , it was re-founded as the NG and again from 1951 as the DFG. The legal status of the DFG is that of an association under private law. As such, the DFG can only act through its statutory bodies, in particular through its executive board and the General Assembly. The DFG
720-602: The north, was not excavated. Some differences in dating between excavators of Tall Bazi and the Complex cause difficulty in aligning them chronologically. Four periods of occupation are defined for the Tell Banat Complex: The fortified main mound rose 60 meters above the plain with the unfortified lower town portion, to the west, being only 7 meters high. The fortification walls around the main mound were constructed of large limestone block. The lower town area
750-614: The organization consists of approximately 100 research universities and other research institutions . The DFG endows various research prizes, including the Leibniz Prize . The Polish-German science award Copernicus is offered jointly with the Foundation for Polish Science . According to a 2017 article in The Guardian , the DFG has announced it will publish its research in online open-access journals . In 1937,
780-486: The promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany . In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion. The DFG supports research in science , engineering , and the humanities through a variety of grant programmes, research prizes , and by funding infrastructure. The self-governed organization is based in Bonn and financed by the German states and the federal government of Germany . As of 2017
810-475: The sketchy nature of radiocarbon dating for this period dates radiocarbon samples have reported dates ranging from 1400 BC down to 1200 BC for the destruction layer . A Mitanni period cylinder seal was found. A few geometrically-shaped faience tokens, generally called "gaming tokens" were found as well beads and pendants fashioned from ostrich shells. As a result of the Syrian Civil War the top of
840-401: The town of Baidali to the people of Baṣīru, one (Bz 50) by ruler Artatama I , and an Old Babylonian cylinder seal. When the settlement was destroyed the temple was looted and equipment smashed, then burned like the lower town. More post destruction looting then occurred. The Western Town ( Weststadt , 1 hectare) is a single period area of the Late Bronze Age. It represents a later expansion of
870-536: Was divided into a Western Town and Northern Town. The site was excavated by German archaeologists in 1993–1997, in 1999, in 2001–2005, and then in 2007–2009. At this point local conditions became too difficult to continue work. The excavations were under the auspices of the German Research Foundation and later the Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology. Due to the Tishrin Dam construction,
900-442: Was postponed for two weeks so that three houses could be dismantled and rebuilt in a museum near the site. Other sites excavated in the project were Jerablus Tahtani and Tell Ahmar the latter being on the north bank of the Euphrates around 33 Kilimetres north of the dam. The very large archaeological area near the high citadel of Tall Bazi was also flooded by the artificial lake. On 26 November 2012, rebel fighters captured
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