Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary is a 2,150.73 km (830.40 sq mi) large protected area in northern Myanmar . It was established in 1974 in the Sagaing Region .
18-839: It is located between the Chindwin River in Hkamti District and the Uyu River , with 596.7 km (230.40 sq mi) of the area in Homalin Township , and 1,600 km (600 sq mi) in Hkamti Township . Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary provides habitat for over 30 mammals including Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ), gaur ( Bos gaurus ), mainland serow ( Capricornis milneedwardsii ), Asiatic black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) and Indochinese leopard ( Panthera pardus delacouri ). Formerly it
36-461: A camera trap survey in 1999. The clouded leopard and marbled cat populations were studied more detailed between December 2014 and March 2016. An Asian water monitor ( Varanus salvator ) was recorded in 2016 along one of the streams flowing through the sanctuary. Among the many birds found in the reserve are the white-winged duck ( Asarcornis scutulata ) and the masked finfoot ( Heliopais personatus ). This protected areas-related article
54-427: A traditional military formation, soldiers march in ranks (the depth of the formation is the number of ranks) and files (the width of the formation is the number of files), so, if a column of soldiers approaches a narrow pass, the formation must narrow, and so the files on the outside must be ordered to the rear (or to some other position) so that the column has fewer files and more ranks. The French verb for this order
72-517: Is défiler , from which the English verb comes, as does the physical description for a valley that forces this manoeuvre. Defiles of military significance can also be formed by other physical features that flank a pass or path and cause it to narrow, for example impassable woods and rivers. At the Battle of Agincourt , a defile formed by the woods of Agincourt and Forecourt caused a choke point for
90-728: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Myanmar location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chindwin River The Chindwin River ( Burmese : Chindwin Myin ), also known as the Ningthi River ( Meitei : Ningthi Turel ), is a river flowing entirely in Myanmar , and the largest tributary of the country's main river, the Irrawaddy . Its official name
108-732: Is also spelled Chindwinn . The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly 26°26′18″N 96°33′32″E / 26.43833°N 96.55889°E / 26.43833; 96.55889 , where the Tanai, the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron (also known as Turong or Towang) rivers meet. The headwaters of the Tanai are at 25°30′N 97°0′E / 25.500°N 97.000°E / 25.500; 97.000 on
126-442: Is found, along with an abundance of fish . Download coordinates as: Defile (geography) In geography , a defile is a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills . The term originates from a military description of a route through which troops can march only in a narrow column or with a narrow front. On emerging from a defile (or something similar) into open country, soldiers are said to " debouch ". In
144-464: Is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin. Teak forests within its drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. The Hukawng Valley is known for its abundance of Burmese amber . Along the river, there are deposits of jade , but Hpakant in the headwaters of the Uyu river is the only place in the world where the finest jade - known as jadeite or imperial jade -
162-771: The Chindwin and the Mu , took Myedu, and reached as far as Sagaing opposite the capital Ava . The tables were turned in 1758 after King Alaungpaya ascended the Burmese throne. The Burmese army invaded and occupied Manipur and Assam marching across the western mountain ranges, and even encroached upon British India. During World War II , when the Japanese had cut off sea access, the British army and other allied forces under General Joseph Stilwell retreated on foot to India across
180-535: The Chindwin is, according to tradition, an artificial channel, cut by one of the kings of Bagan (Pagan). It was choked up for centuries until 1824 when it was opened out by an exceptional flood. Satellite pictures show this lowest channel to be the widest one today. Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Chindwin River at Monywa . Period from 1966/01/01 to 2023/12/31: Much of Chindwin's course lies within mountain ranges and forests. Due to
198-605: The French army and aided the English in their victory over the French. Some defiles have a permanent strategic importance and become known by that term in military literature. For example, the military historian William Siborne names such a geographic feature in France near the frontier with Germany in his book Waterloo Campaign 1815 : On the following day, General Rapp fell back upon the Defile of Brümath ; but this he quitted in
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#1732781096860216-763: The Shwedaunggyi peak of the Kumon range, 12 miles (19 km) north of Mogaung . It flows due north until it reaches the Hukawng Valley. In 2004, the government established the world's largest tiger preserve in the Hukawng Valley, the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary , with an area of approximately 6,500 km (2,500 sq mi); later, the Sanctuary was extended to 21,800 square kilometres (8,400 sq mi), making it
234-701: The boundary between the Sagaing District of Sagaing Region and the Pakokku District of Magway Region . It enters the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy) at about 21°30′N 95°15′E / 21.500°N 95.250°E / 21.500; 95.250 . The extreme outlets into the Ayeyarwady are about 22 miles (35 km) apart, the interval forming a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. The lowest mouth of
252-466: The difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley. The mountain ranges to the west of the Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Kabaw valley saw many an invasion by the kingdom of Manipur to the west, most notably during the reign of King Garibaniwaj (1709–1748) when his army crossed over
270-481: The largest protected area in mainland Southeast Asia. The river then turns to the west and flows through the middle of the plain, joined by the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron rivers from the right bank. These rivers drain the mountain ranges to the north and northeast of the Hukawng valley. The Tanai exits the Hukawng valley through the Taron or Turong valley and through a sharp defile in the river. It then takes on
288-406: The name of Chindwin, and maintains a general southerly course. It passes the town of Singkaling Hkamti on the left bank, then the town of Homalin , also on the left bank. The river's course is generally southwesterly until the town of Mingin . It then takes a more southeasterly course entering the broad central plain, passing the city of Monywa on the left bank. Its course at this point forms
306-545: The same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. The Ledo Road was built across the Hukawng valley to supply China. The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces to reoccupy Burma. The chindwin river has a great impact on the culture of western Burma. Central Sino-Tibetan languages originated from valley areas of this river. The Chindwin
324-771: Was also home of the Northern Sumatran rhinoceros ( Didermocherus sumatrensis lasiotis ) and the Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus ), which have become extinct in the area in the 1980s, though some reports suggest that the former still persists in the park. Tiger ( Panthera tigris ), clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ), Asiatic golden cat ( Catopuma temminckii ), leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis ), large Indian civet ( Viverra zibetha ), hog badger ( Arctonyx collaris ), Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ), binturong ( Arctictis binturong ), masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata ) were recorded during
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