60-601: The Tampa International Airport People Movers are a set of automated people mover systems operating within Tampa International Airport . The primary set of people movers are automated guideway transit (AGT) systems that connect the airport's main terminal to four satellite airside concourses . Opened in 1971, the landside/airside shuttles were the first people movers used to transport passengers within an airport terminal. A fifth people mover line known as SkyConnect, which began operating in 2018, connects
120-799: A people mover system for the new terminal at Tampa International Airport . This would be the first time an automated people mover system was used to transport passengers within an airport terminal. The Tampa airport system included eight first-generation Westinghouse C-100 vehicles when it opened in 1971. Two years later, Westinghouse completed its second airport people mover system, the Satellite Transit System , at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport . In 1980, Westinghouse people mover systems were opened at Miami International Airport and Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport . The system in Atlanta (known today as The Plane Train ),
180-400: A continuous double track along the northern and eastern sides of the exhibition, with reversing loops at either end. The carriages ran on two parallel concrete beams and were guided by pulleys running on the inner side of these concrete beams, and were propelled by gripping a revolving screw thread running between the tracks in a pit; by adjusting the pitch of this thread at different points,
240-435: A day except for a once-a-week maintenance shut-down in the overnight hours. Thales Rail Signalling Solutions won a contract in 2008 to completely upgrade the computer control system. Following the monorail's closure in early 2020, the airport opted not to invest in a replacement system due to high costs. Instead, a series of moving walkways are being constructed on Level 4 of the long term garage to allow passengers to access
300-798: A joint venture of ABB and Daimler Benz named Adtranz in 1996. Adtranz continued production on the C-100, which was marketed as the Adtranz C-100 and subsequently the Adtranz CX-100 . Adtranz was acquired by Bombardier in 2001, who then rebranded the vehicle as the Bombardier CX-100 . Bombardier has since rebranded the CX-100 again to its current name, the Innovia APM 100, to bring all of their people mover models under
360-483: A level to access aircraft. Every subsequent airside would have its shuttle station on the second level. Airside B closed permanently in 1991. In lieu of reopening Airside B, Airside A was built in 1995. Airside A's shuttle system has operated with CX-100 vehicles (known today as the Innovia APM 100 ) since its opening and it operates with two-car trains. After its closure, Airside B's shuttles remained dormant on
420-600: A metro (e.g. Rennes , Lausanne , Brescia , etc.) are now doing so. On September 30, 2006, the Peachliner in Komaki , Aichi Prefecture , Japan, became that nation's first people mover to cease operations. Many large international airports around the world feature people mover systems to transport passengers between terminals or within a terminal itself. Some people mover systems at airports connect with other public transportation systems to allow passengers to travel into
480-549: A prototype to demonstrate their people mover technology in 1965. Westinghouse marketed the people mover system as an urban transit system and had hoped to build a fully-functioning system in Pittsburgh. However, political leaders held opposing views on the prospects of a rubber-tired mass transit system and plans to implement this system were rejected. Despite this, Westinghouse would see success with their people mover system at airports. In 1966, they were contracted to build
540-514: A shuttle or be used for people to walk should the shuttles fail). On each line, the two guideways each carry a two-car train (one red train and one blue train) consisting of Innovia APM 100 vehicles built by Bombardier Transportation . The shuttles simply run back and forth between the main terminal and the airsides buildings. Passengers board on an island platform between the two guideways and disembark on side platforms at both ends. All main terminal platforms contain platform screen doors , while
600-415: A system known as Cabinentaxi during the 1970s. Cabinentaxi featured small cars with from four to eight seats that were called to pick up passengers on-demand and drove directly to their destination. The stations were "offline", allowing the cabs to stop by moving off the main lines while other cars continued to their destinations. The system was designed so the cars could be adapted to run on top or bottom of
660-422: A track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. These taxi-like systems are more usually referred to as personal rapid transit (PRT). Larger systems, with vehicles with 20 to 40 passengers, are sometimes referred to as "group rapid transit" (GRT), although this term is not particularly common. Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to rapid transit systems, and there
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#1732776717373720-513: A working title for a new attraction, the PeopleMover . According to Imagineer Bob Gurr , "the name got stuck," and it was no longer a working title. Starting in the late 1960s and into the 1970s, people movers were the topic of intense development around the world. Worried about the growing congestion and pollution in downtown areas due to the spread of cars, many countries started studying mass transit systems that would lower capital costs to
780-560: Is an evolution of Westinghouse's previous people mover vehicle, the C-100 . Bombardier's intended successor to the Innovia APM 100 is the Innovia APM 200 (originally simply known as the Innovia), which made its debut on Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport's Skylink APM. However, the Innovia APM 100 continues to be offered by Bombardier and will remain in service at many airports for years to come. In addition to being used at many airports,
840-499: Is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system. Another term " light metro " is also applied to describe the system worldwide. One of the first automated systems for human transportation was the screw-driven 'Never-Stop-Railway', constructed for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley , London in 1924. This railway consisted of 88 unmanned carriages, on
900-670: Is one of the world's most heavily used people mover systems in the world. These systems used second generation C-100 vehicles, which has been the primary design of the vehicle ever since. The C-100 would be installed at more airports throughout the 1980s. In 1986, the Westinghouse C-100 made its debut on its first urban people mover system, the Metromover in Miami, Florida . In 1988, Westinghouse sold its transportation division to West German company AEG , which merged into
960-426: Is underway on a new shuttle station in the main terminal and the new Airside is set to be complete in 2028. The airport is also in the process of replacing the shuttle vehicles on Airsides A and C (which have been in service since the mid 1990s). Alstom , which acquired Bombardier's transportation division in 2021, will supply the new Innovia APM 300R trains which will debut in 2025. The project will also rehabilitate
1020-602: The Crystal Mover instead. SMRT also announced that they will upgrade the LRT system with full cost paid by the company. 13 more trainsets for the Bukit Panjang LRT Line (C801A) have been progressively introduced since late-2014 to ease the 100% peak hour congestion. As of 4 September 2015, all C801A trains are on revenue service. The Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System, or officially known as
1080-526: The Erie Railroad to the Hudson and Manhattan Tubes . This unit was 227 feet (69 m) long with a rise of 22 feet (6.7 m) on a 15 degree grade , and only cost $ 75,000. A Carveyor consisted of many small cubicles or cars carrying ten people riding on a flat conveyor belt from point A to point B. The belt rode on a series of motorized rollers. The purpose of the motorized rollers was to facilitate
1140-479: The New York City Board of Transportation , had several meetings with a group of architects who were trying to revamp the whole New York City Subway system in the heart of town to connect Pennsylvania Station, Madison Square Garden , Times Square, Grand Central and several new office complexes together. Several of these architects were involved in other programs, and in later years many variations of
1200-482: The Southeastern Railway Museum . A popular rolling stock for intra-terminal connection in large airports, it operates in a number of airports: The Bombardier Innovia APM 100 is used on the Metromover in Miami, Florida , United States. This was the first application of Westinghouse's people mover technology outside of an airport. The system's original Westinghouse C-100s were replaced with
1260-650: The Carveyor people movers were developed. In November 1954 the New York City Transit Authority issued an order to Goodyear and Stephens-Adamson to build a complete Carveyor system between Times Square and Grand Central. A brief summary and confirmation can be found in Time magazine on November 15, 1954. under the heading "Subway of the Future". The cost was to be under $ 4 million, but the order
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#17327767173731320-560: The Downtown People Mover Program. Four systems were developed, Rohr 's ROMAG , LTV 's AirTrans , Ford 's APT and Otis Elevator 's hovercraft design. A major presentation of the systems was organized as TRANSPO'72 at Dulles International Airport , where the various systems were presented to delegations from numerous cities in the US. Prototype systems and test tracks were built during the 1970s. One notable example
1380-541: The Industrial Products Division of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. , if Goodyear had ever considered working on People Movers. He felt that with Goodyear's ability to move materials in large quantities on conveyor belts they should consider moving batches of people. Four years of engineering design, development and testing led to a joint patent being issued for three types of people movers, named Speedwalk, Speedramp, and Carveyor. Goodyear would sell
1440-785: The Innovia APM 100 is used on the Miami Metromover which runs throughout Downtown Miami , Florida, United States. The Innovia 100 APM people mover vehicle is a modern version of the Westinghouse C-100 people mover first built by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation . Westinghouse developed the technology in the early 1960s. They built the Transit Expressway Revenue Line in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as
1500-525: The United States. Driverless metros have become common in Europe and parts of Asia. The economics of automated trains tend to reduce the scale so tied to "mass" transit (the largest operating expense is the driver's salary, which is only affordable if very large numbers of passengers are paying fares), so that small-scale installations are feasible . Thus cities normally thought of as too small to build
1560-619: The airport's city. [REDACTED] Media related to People movers at Wikimedia Commons Innovia APM 100 The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100 ) is an automated people mover (APM) rolling stock first developed by Westinghouse (later Adtranz , Bombardier Transportation and now Alstom ), intended mainly for airport connections and light rail in towns. They are operated by Automatic Train Control (ATC), making it fully automatic and driverless. The Innovia APM 100
1620-412: The airside platforms contain steel doors. The vehicles are serviced at the airside stations where maintenance bays exist beneath the guideways. Tampa Mayor Jane Castor delivers pre-recorded greetings to travelers on the shuttles as they run between the stations. Tampa's previous mayor Bob Buckhorn also provided these greetings during his tenure as Mayor of Tampa. When the terminal opened in 1971,
1680-470: The carriages could be sped up, or slowed down to a walking pace at stations, to allow passengers to join and leave. The railway ran reliably for the two years of the exhibition, and was then dismantled. In late 1949, Mike Kendall, chief engineer and Chairman of the Board of Stephens-Adamson Manufacturing Company, an Illinois-based manufacturer of conveyor belts and systems , asked Al Neilson, an engineer in
1740-577: The concept and Stephens-Adamson would manufacture and install the components. A Speedwalk consisted of a flat conveyor belt riding on a series of rollers, or a flat slippery surface, moving at 1.5 mph (2.4 km/h) (approximately half the speed of walking). The passengers would walk onto the belt and could stand or walk to the exit point. They were supported by a moving handrail . Customers were expected to include airport terminals , ballparks , train stations , etc. Today, several manufacturers produce similar units called moving walkways . A Speedramp
1800-572: The current Innovia APM 100s in 2008. The Metromover remains one of the world's few rail systems that uses the Innovia APM 100 for non-airport operations. The Innovia APM 100 (C801) began operations on the Bukit Panjang LRT Line in 1999. These cars are similar to the C-100s formerly used at Singapore Changi Airport 's Skytrain system in the early 1990s, jointly built by Westinghouse and Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier). Most of
1860-468: The gradual acceleration and deceleration speeds on the conveyor belt and overcome the tendency of all belts to stretch at start up and during shutdown. At point "A" passengers would enter a Speedwalk running parallel to the belts and cars of the Carveyor. The cars would be moving at the same speed as the Speedwalk; the passengers would enter the cars and be seated, while the motorized rollers would increase
Tampa International Airport People Movers - Misplaced Pages Continue
1920-412: The guideway until the airside was demolished in 2003. Despite the demolition, part of the shuttle guideway to the former Airside B still remains abandoned at the airport today. In 1996, the original Airside C and Airside D were renovated. As part of the renovation, the original vehicles on their people movers were replaced with CX-100 vehicles along with other upgrades to the systems. Upon completion of
1980-418: The guideways as well. The Innovia APM 300R vehicles will also be used on the new Airside D shuttle system. The airport also plans to replace Airside E and Airside F's shuttles with new Innovia APM 300R by the end of the decade. An additional people mover line named SkyConnect connects the main terminal with the rental car center and the economy parking garage. SkyConnect has three stations: one on Level 4 of
2040-632: The immaturity of the technology and other factors, led the Port Authority to abandon the project and pursue alternatives. By the start of the 1980s most politicians had lost interest in the concept and the project was repeatedly de-funded in the early 1980s. Only two APMs were developed as a part of the People Mover Program in the U.S., the Metromover in Miami , and the Detroit People Mover . The Jacksonville Skyway
2100-478: The landside/airside shuttles were the first automated people mover systems to operate in an airport. The shuttles were originally built by Westinghouse Electric Corporation (who was also contracted to install the terminal's original elevators and escalators). Upon opening, the airport included lines to Airsides B, C, D, and E using eight first-generation Westinghouse C-100 vehicles (one vehicle on each guideway). Local WFLA radio personality Jack Harris provided
2160-565: The long-term parking garage was built. It used six Bombardier UM III vehicles (known today as the Innovia Monorail 100), which are also used on the Jacksonville Skyway . The monorail was located on level 7 of the long-term parking garage, where it ran in a loop between the four elevator banks with stations at each bank. Once it completed the loop, it crossed a bridge onto level 5 of the short-term parking garage. In
2220-408: The main terminal (right above the former station for the shuttle line to Airside B), the economy parking garage, and the rental car center (which includes access to low-cost rentals and a remote curbside). The guideway primarily runs along the airport's entrance road, George J. Bean Parkway, and passes underneath Taxiway J to connect with rental car and parking facilities. SkyConnect opened in 2018 and
2280-435: The main terminal more quickly via a bridge to Level 3 of the main terminal. People mover A people mover or automated people mover ( APM ) is a type of small scale automated guideway transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks. The term was originally applied to three different systems, developed roughly at
2340-536: The main terminal with the airport's economy parking garage and rental car center. In addition, a monorail once connected the main terminal and the long-term parking garage from 1991 until its closure in 2020. The four currently operating airside automated guideway transit (AGT) people mover systems operate as shuttles connecting the main terminal on Level 3 to airside concourses A, C, E, and F. Each airside has its own line, which consists of two guideways with an emergency walkway between them (which can be used to evacuate
2400-472: The metal doors of the earlier stations. The Airside D shuttle station, which had been simply blocked off with a shoe shine stand since its closure, was also removed at the same time and was replaced with a food court. The rest of the Airside D guideway was demolished in 2019. Tampa International Airport is preparing to built a replacement Airside D, which includes a new Airside D shuttle system. Construction
2460-630: The new features available in newer MRT train cars are found here as well. Instead of metal wheels on metal tracks, rubber-tired wheels on a concrete track are used, which makes it run very quiet. The windows are smart glass and are programmed to automatically mist within 6 metres (20 ft) of (mostly) HDB apartment blocks ensuring residents' privacy. 19 individual cars (which can be coupled in pairs if necessary during peak hours) were purchased. The line suffered numerous technical problems in its initial years, and subsequent LRT lines in Singapore used
Tampa International Airport People Movers - Misplaced Pages Continue
2520-411: The original voice for the audio announcements for the shuttles (and other announcements throughout the airport). Tampa International Airport's landside/airside design was the first of its type in the world, and the use of people movers to shuttle people between the landside terminal and airside concourses was a key part of keeping walking distances short. The airport's layout was so well received that it
2580-572: The point where any city could afford to deploy them. Most of these systems used elevated guideways, which were much less expensive to deploy than tunnels. However, elevating the track causes problems with noise, so traditional steel-wheel-on-rail solutions were rare as they squealed when rounding bends in the rails. Rubber tired solutions were common, but some systems used hovercraft techniques or various magnetic levitation systems. Two major government funded APM projects are notable. In Germany, Mannesmann Demag and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm developed
2640-471: The reconstruction and resumed service when the rebuilt Airside C opened in April 2005. One month after Airside C reopened, Airside D closed permanently. Airside D's CX-100 vehicles, which were also installed in 1996, were refurbished and were relocated to Airside C, where they were used to expand the existing shuttles to two-car trains. Airside D was demolished in 2007, though much of the shuttle infrastructure
2700-466: The renovations, the original Airside E closed which led to the retirement of the last of the airport's original C-100 vehicles. Airside E was rebuilt in 2002, and its new shuttles included CX-100 vehicles running in two-car trains. Airside C was then demolished and rebuilt. Much of the original guideways for both Airside C and E were reused for their new airside buildings. Airside C's CX-100 vehicles, which were installed in 1996, were refurbished during
2760-677: The same branding. While most of the earlier C-100s have been retired and replaced with Innovia APM 100s, London Stansted Airport still uses 5 C-100 vehicles on its Track Transit System . 4 C-100s are also preserved on display in museums: 2 vehicles from the Miami Metromover are preserved at the Gold Coast Railroad Museum and 2 from the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport system are preserved at
2820-559: The same time. One was Skybus , an automated mass transit system prototyped by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation beginning in 1964. The second, alternately called the People Mover and Minirail , opened in Montreal at Expo 67. Finally the last, called PeopleMover or WEDway PeopleMover, was an attraction that was originally presented by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and that opened at Disneyland in 1967. Now, however,
2880-407: The second level of the airside building (the same level as the passenger boarding jetways) unlike the original airsides, which had their shuttle stations on the third level (the same as the landside terminal). This was due to the improved technology of the second-generation C-100 vehicles, which could better handle inclines than the original vehicles and it eliminated the need for passengers to descend
2940-449: The short-term garage, it ran in a straight path between the four elevator banks, which passengers could use to access the terminal. The monorail made three stops in the short-term garage providing access to the four elevator banks before returning to the long-term garage and repeating the loop. Bombardier Transportation maintained the system by contract and it was monitored from the airport's communications center. The monorail ran 24 hours
3000-432: The speed of the cars up to the traveling speed (which would be preset depending on the distance to be covered). At point B Passengers could disembark and by means of a series of flat slower belts (Speedwalks) go to other Carveyors to other destinations or out to the street. The cars at point B would continue on rollers around a semicircle and then reverse the process carrying passengers back to point A. The initial installation
3060-436: The term "people mover" is generic, and may use technologies such as monorail , rail tracks or maglev . Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction . Generally speaking, larger APMs are referred to by other names. The most generic is "automated guideway transit", which encompasses any automated system regardless of size. Some complex APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over
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#17327767173733120-428: The track (but not easily converted from one to the other), allowing dual-track movements from a single elevated guideway only slightly wider than the cars. A test track was completed in 1975 and ran until development was completed in 1979, but no deployments followed and the companies abandoned the system shortly thereafter. In the U.S., a 1966 federal bill provided funding that led to the development of APM systems under
3180-548: Was Pittsburgh 's Skybus, which was proposed by the Port Authority of Allegheny County to replace its streetcar system, which, having large stretches of private right of way, was not suited for bus conversion. A short demonstration line was set up in South Park and large tracts of land were secured for its facilities. However, opposition arose to the notion that it would replace the streetcar system. This, combined with
3240-414: Was built in conjunction with those facilities. Unlike the landside/airside shuttles, SkyConnect uses Mitsubishi Crystal Mover vehicles. The trains run between the three stations in a pinched-loop configuration. An automated monorail system also once connected the main terminal on Level 5 to the long-term parking garage, stopping at each elevator bank in both buildings. It was installed in 1991 when
3300-629: Was built in the late 1980s. Although many systems were generally considered failures, several APM systems developed by other groups have been much more successful. Lighter systems with shorter tracks are widely deployed at airports; the world's first airport people movers, the Tampa International Airport People Movers , were installed in 1971 at Tampa International Airport in the United States . APMs have now become common at large airports and hospitals in
3360-405: Was largely replicated at Orlando International Airport (complete with its own landside/airside shuttles built by Westinghouse) in 1981. Airside F was added to the airport in 1987 along with an additional shuttle line. Airside F's shuttles included new second-generation C-100 vehicles, and it would be the first airside system to include two-car trains. Airside F's shuttle station was built on
3420-489: Was left in place until 2019. Airside F's second-generation C-100 vehicles were replaced with CX-100 vehicles by Bombardier (who had since acquired the remains of Westinghouse's transportation department) in 2008. In 2018, work was complete to remodel the main terminal. As part of the renovation, the shuttle stations were rebuilt and moved outward to give the center of the building more space on Level 3. The rebuilt stations include glass platform screen doors in contrast with
3480-569: Was never fulfilled due to political difficulties. Chocolate World in Hershey, Pennsylvania , Disneyland in California, and Walt Disney World in Florida are among many locations that have used variations of the Carveyor concept. The term 'people mover' was used by Walt Disney , when he and his Imagineers were working on the new 1967 Tomorrowland at Disneyland . The name was used as
3540-644: Was to be the 42nd Street Shuttle in New York City between Times Square and Grand Central station. The first mention of the Carveyor in a hardback book was in There's Adventure in Civil Engineering by Neil P. Ruzic (1958), one of a series of books published by Popular Mechanics in the 1950s in their "Career" series. In the book the Carveyor was already installed and operational in downtown Los Angeles. Colonel Sydney H. Bingham, Chairman of
3600-594: Was very similar to a Speedwalk but it was used to change elevations; up or down a floor level. This could have been accomplished by an escalator, but the Speedramp would allow wheeled luggage, small handcarts etc. to ride the belt at an operating cost predicted to be much lower than escalators or elevators . The first successful installation of a Speedramp was in the spring of 1954 at the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Station in Jersey City, New Jersey , to connect
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