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58-618: The only son of Malaysian statesman and MCA founder Tan Cheng Lock , Tan Siew Sin was born on 21 May 1916 in Malacca . He was of Baba heritage and did not speak Mandarin. He was educated at Malacca High School in Malacca and then at Raffles College in Singapore . Before then, he was also sent by his father to a Girls School, that is Syudaim Girls School which is now the Methodist High School. In 1935, he felt ill and

116-612: A "united self-governing British Malaya". From 1933 to 1935, he was an unofficial member of the Straits Settlements Executive Council. He championed social causes like opposing opium smoking, promoting Chinese vernacular education, legislating against polygamy and pressing for immigration policy reform. During the Japanese occupation of Malaya , Tan and his family lived in exile in India . They witnessed

174-617: A Manteri would be the former police commissioner of Brunei , Hasrin Sabtu , whose honorary title would be Yang Dimuliakan ( The Exalted One ), noble rank is Pehin Orang Kaya Pendikar Alam , state title is Dato Paduka Seri and traditional Bruneian prefix title for non-royalty is Awang (Mr.). When in the home state, the state title may precede the federal title . An example is the current Premier of Sarawak , Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg , whose federal title

232-807: A distant member of the royal family (i.e.: Pengiran) is given the title Pengiran Anak; the title is lost if they divorce. According to the Royal Custom (Adat Istiadat), the noble title of Pengiran will be given to at least five generations of Pengiran Anak descendants (grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren) and they will no longer use the Pengiran Anak titles. The unmarried children of Pengiran are styled as Awangku for males and Dayangku for females. Not to be confused with Brunei's equivalent of Mr. (Awang) and Ms. (Dayang), which applies to everyone with no royal titles. Titles of Malaysian royalty and rulers: In Malaysia,

290-722: A living to support his family and instead lived off his annual allowance of $ 130 (Straits dollars) from the family trust in genteel poverty. Tan Cheng Lock refused to emulate his father. The young Tan attended Malacca High School and won the Tan Teck Guan Scholarship awarded to top performers in the school. He later continued his education at the Raffles Institution in Singapore. He was unable to proceed to England to study law due to his financial situation so he decided to teach instead, and taught at

348-601: A million Ferrari cars, nobody will care about buying a Ferrari." The Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak , stated "That is my view. You degrade the award and the Ruler has the right to revoke it. In my opinion, it should be taken away." He also stated that "Sometimes, I think we give away too many datukships... it dilutes and devalues the award." In the first government following the independence of Malaya in 1957, 5 of 15 cabinet Ministers were Datuks. The Minister of Finance of Malaysia at

406-605: A person's title, and by themselves as forms of address: The English versions of these styles follow British usage. Thus the prime minister, cabinet ministers, senators, state executive councillors and judges of the High Court and above are styled the Honorable or the Right Honorable , although technically it is a solecism to style the prime minister or heads of courts Right Honourable as they are not members of

464-482: A position as Deputy Prime Minister in the cabinet reshuffle following the death of Tun Dr. Ismail , but this was refused by Tun Abdul Razak , which angered Tan. Tan retired from politics on 8 April 1974 after undergoing lung surgery. After his resignation he became a financial advisor to the government on economic issues. After his retirement from politics, Tan was nominated chairman of Sime Darby by Tun Hussein Onn . He

522-570: A supernumerary and honorary capacity, and may use the title locally. The Tun title has existed in Malay traditional society for hundreds of years. In ancient times, Tun was an honorific title used by noble people of royal lineage, inherited by the male descendants. Over time, the Tun title has become a title conferred by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the most-deserving recipient who has highly contributed to

580-597: Is Tan Sri and whose state title is Datuk Patinggi . His title will be expressed as either: Another exception is when a person has received an award from a state other than the person's home state; when visiting the award-bestowing state, that state's title will take the place of a home state's title (if any). As an example, the current Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim will be titled as follows: A style carried by virtue of royal title always trumps those carried by non-royal titles. Male royals may choose to append 'al-Haj' to their name instead of using 'Haji'. The following example

638-531: Is a federal title that has been conferred since 1965 . It is limited to recipients of Panglima Jasa Negara ( Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service ) (PJN) and Panglima Setia Diraja ( Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia ) (PSD). There may be up to 200 living PJN holders and 200 living PSD holders at any one time. The title of the wife of a male Datuk is Datin ; women with

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696-629: Is a street, Jalan Tun Tan Siew Sin (formerly Jalan Silang) which was renamed after him in 2003. At Tunku Abdul Rahman University College 's Main Campus in Kuala Lumpur there is a new building named after him, known as "Bangunan Tun Tan Siew Sin". Tan Cheng Lock Tun Sir Tan Cheng Lock KBE , SMN , DPMJ, JP ( simplified Chinese : 陈祯禄 ; traditional Chinese : 陳禎祿 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tân Cheng-lo̍k ; pinyin : Chén Zhēnlù ) (5 April 1883 – 13 December 1960)

754-653: Is correct: The following titles are hereditary and reserved for the royal families of Brunei and nine royal states of Malaysia . The following official titles are used for members of the royal house in Brunei Darussalam. As Brunei is an absolute monarchy, it is important to address royal family members with the correct title. Improper usage may cause discomfort. The Sultan and the Queen of Brunei are styled as Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda (KDYMM PSB) (literally 'his/her most glorious majesty who

812-481: Is raised most high'): For those who have blood-ties with the royal family who are married, styled as Prince or Princess in English, and given the hereditary honorific prefix Pengiran : Exclusive royal titles for the descendant of Princess Nor Ehsani , the only surviving female heir of the 26th Sultan of Brunei, Ahmad Tajuddin , the uncle of the current Sovereign Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah ; A person who marries

870-479: Is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent. In Malaysia, all non- hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man. Singapore , whose Malay royalty

928-760: Is the second-most senior federal title and a honorific, used to denote recipients of the Panglima Mangku Negara ( Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm ) (PMN) and the Panglima Setia Mahkota ( Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia ) (PSM). The wife of a Tan Sri is called Puan Sri . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Berbahagia or (The Felicitous). Examples: Datuk

986-710: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) grants honours to recipients nominated by the Government of Malaysia as awards which are honorary and non-hereditary. These honours may also be revoked by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or returned by the individual. Some of the highest honours bestowed carries with them the titles of Tun , Tan Sri , or Datuk . There is a maximum number of Malaysian subjects who may be award-holders at any one time. These numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may be awarded such titles in

1044-692: The Federation of Malaya did not go down well with the ethnic Chinese, as favourable conditions for obtaining citizenship for the Chinese and other non-Malays were withdrawn. Tan Cheng Lock frequently raised grievances over the citizenship terms that were set when the federation was established. As a result, communal tensions between the Malays and Chinese surfaced, and Onn Jaafar , who was then heading UMNO kept his distance from Tan. Tan encountered initial difficulties with meeting Sultan Ibrahim of Johor , who

1102-842: The Hajj ), name. For instance, in Brunei, the Wazir is a group of royal nobles, namely one of the royal princes who is gahara (pure descendants of the Sultan ), are the second-highest official post in the nation, right behind the Sultan. Following this, the Cheteria , only bestowed upon the Pengiran , who perform specific jobs and are ranked above the Manteri , a group of non-royal nobles. An example of

1160-555: The Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) in Kuala Lumpur with co-operation of various races as its theme. However, the formation was choppy, due to the fact that Onn Jaafar was not co-operative on the issue of citizenship . In the end, Tan decided that only a Chinese party could safeguard the interests of his community and that multi-ethnic co-operation was more likely to be achieved through partnership with UMNO . With that,

1218-876: The Malaysian Indian Congress . Tan, who was a member of the Malayan Anti-Japanese League, was MCA's first president, but did not enter the cabinet on independence because his rival, Tun H.S. Lee, from Selangor , was part of the cabinet. Prior to the independence of Malaya , he was also a member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements . In 1952, Tan Cheng Lock and the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) under Tunku Abdul Rahman's leadership contested

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1276-698: The Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Not all Datuk s have lived exemplary lives, and some have been convicted of crimes. The various rulers have recently taken steps to ensure the integrity of the institution by means of consultation and the revoking of the given titles. Mahathir Mohamad mentioned that one of the problems with titles in Malaysia is the numbers of them given out. He stated in an interview "Personally, I feel if you want to give value to anything, it must be limited... if you produce

1334-666: The traditional ministers posts in Brunei . This title is mainly used in Sarawak . Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak or equivalent or higher. An example of the title in Sarawak would be Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud , Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak. This title is mainly used in Malacca . Awarded to individuals who have been appointed as Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca or equivalent or higher. An example of

1392-688: The MCA joined with UMNO to form the Alliance Party , the precursor to the Barisan Nasional . However some people do not agree that he acted in best interest of Malaysian Chinese as some felt that the marginalization of Malaysian Chinese would not be so severe had the British continued to rule citing Hong Kong as an example. In 1952, Tan Cheng Lock and the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) under Tunku Abdul Rahman's leadership contested

1450-679: The Raffles Institution from 1902 to 1908. He was unhappy with his lot and was too impatient to be a teacher, so his mother, Lee Seck Bin, insisted he return to Malacca to work as an assistant manager of the Bukit Kajang Rubber Estates Ltd., a company which belonged to his maternal cousin, Lee Chim Tuan. Being a rubber planter suited him and he was a quick learner. Soon he was appointed visiting agent to Nyalas Rubber Estates in Malacca in 1909. In 1910, Tan

1508-427: The age of 40, he was appointed as a nominated member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements . In 1926, Tan made a speech to the legislative council about the ideals of a territorially and politically united Malaya. Like many Straits-born Chinese of his time, Tan was partial towards Britain but was deeply influenced by ideas of independence which were sweeping across many British colonies. He advocated for

1566-649: The election as partners. He was best remembered for his contributions in the business and political arenas and his work for integrating between the Chinese and the Indian communities to Malayan society. Under Tan Cheng Lock, the MCA played a vital role in negotiating independence from the British ; he was also in charge as the MCA formed the Alliance in 1954 in coalition with the United Malays National Organisation and

1624-466: The election as partners. He was best remembered for his contributions in the business and political arenas and his work for integrating between the Chinese and the Indian communities to the nascent Malayan society. Tan died of a heart attack on 16 December 1960 at the age of 77. His son, Tan Siew Sin became the 3rd President of MCA after his death. Many tributes were made to Tan, for his contributions to Malaysia. Besides being recognised as one of

1682-408: The federal government to allow JPs to sit as second-class magistrates to reduce the backlog of cases in the courts. If a person has been awarded several honours from different states, the title used varies. For example, sometimes former Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad is usually referred to as YABhg Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad anywhere in Malaysia. However, different terms of address may be used in

1740-550: The founding fathers of modern-day Malaysia , along with Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Abdul Razak and Tun V.T. Sambanthan , the street named Foch Avenue , adjacent to the Petaling Street was renamed Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock in Kuala Lumpur after 1957. The former Cross Street was renamed Tan Siew Sin Street in honour of Tan's son, a former Finance Minister of Malaysia. In Malacca , Heeren Street where Tan's family home and

1798-540: The head of state, or may be returned by the individual. Dato' Sri or Dato' Seri (sometimes Dato’ is spelled and pronounced Datuk in some states) is the highest state title conferred by the Ruler on the most deserving recipients who have contributed greatly to the nation or state. It ranks below the federal title Tun, and is an honour equivalent to federal title Tan Sri. The wife of a recipient is Datin Sri or Datin Seri. In many cases,

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1856-650: The nation. Tun is the most senior federal title awarded to recipients of either the Seri Maharaja Mangku Negara ( Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm ) (SMN) or Seri Setia Mahkota ( Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia ) (SSM). However, the SMN and SSM are not the highest federal awards , ranking fourth and fifth, respectively. There may not be more than 25 (SMN) and 35 (SSM) living holders of each of these awards respectively at any one time. The title for

1914-558: The number of Malaysian nationals who may hold a state title or honour at one time is limited. Such limits do not apply to foreigners. This title is mainly used in Brunei Darussalam. An example of the title in Brunei would be Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Bakti Di-Raja Dato Laila Utama Haji Awang Isa , the former Minister of Home Affairs and the current Special Adviser to the Sultan of Brunei. The titles refers to

1972-668: The party out of the Alliance but decided against it. In order to regain Chinese support, Tan attempted to broaden the appeal of the party previously seen as a party of the taukeh ( tou jia , rich men), and invited professionals to join the party. Other initiatives included the Chinese Unity Movement and the Perak Task Force to help built support in New Villages in Perak. In 1973, Tan Siew Sin requested

2030-535: The place of his birth was situated was also renamed Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock in his honour. In 2002, a school was built at Subang Jaya in the state of Selangor and was named SJKC Tun Tan Cheng Lock. In April 2005, the National University of Singapore (NUS) received a private donation of S$ 4 million from Ms Agnes Tan, the last surviving daughter of Tan Cheng Lock, to acquire a Peranakan house on Neil Road in Singapore. Another donation of S$ 1.5 million

2088-515: The republic does not grant royal or noble titles according to the 1987 Constitution . Indonesia , meanwhile, as a republic, does not recognise hereditary rulers and aristocratic systems outside of Yogyakarta . The sequence that should be used when formally writing or addressing a person's name is: honorary style, professional rank, royal hereditary title, federal title, state title, non-royal hereditary title, Doctor (of medicine or philosophy), Haji/Hajah (for Muslim men and women who have performed

2146-510: The start of World War II. For this reason, He studied only one year of law. He returned from London to take over the family's plantation business in 1939. Tan Siew Sin was elected a Member of Parliament for Malacca in 1955. He joined the Malaysian cabinet first as minister of trade and industry, and later became the finance minister in 1959. He then took over as president of the MCA in November 1961, and held on to both positions until 1974. Tan

2204-792: The states that he visits. In Sarawak, he will be referred to as YABhg Tun Pehin Sri Mahathir Mohamad as he received the Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (SBS) from the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak . While in Sabah, he is referred to as Tun Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Mahathir Mohamad , as he received the Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) from the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah . The following are used as styles, both before

2262-619: The struggles of Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for independence during their stay in India, which inspired them to do the same for Malaya when they returned. Tan returned to Malacca after the Japanese surrendered. On 27 February 1949, Tan founded the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) alongside Tun Leong Yew Koh ( Chinese : 梁宇皋 ; pinyin : Liáng Yǔgāo ) and Colonel Lee Hau Shik . Although he

2320-476: The time, Tan Siew Sin , held the title Justice of Peace . Later, he was granted a Federal award which carried the title Tun . The father of Malayan independence, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , received no awards and carried the title Tunku , which he inherited as the prince of the state of Kedah. He was honorarily referred to as Yang Teramat Mulia (YTM). The Senate held only 14 Datuk s, and House of Representatives held only seven. The Malacca government

2378-545: The title can take either the title Datin or Datuk . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Berbahagia (The Felicitous). Examples: In Brunei, the title Dato is now comparable to the Commonwealth 's Sir and is frequently used with a great non-royal chief. In Malaysia, state honours are awarded by the respective heads of the thirteen states . Such titles are honorary and non-hereditary. State titles may be revoked or suspended by

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2436-440: The title in Malacca would be Tun Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Mohd Ali Rustam , Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca. Justice of Peace (JP) ranks below all Dato ' or Datuk . In Malaysia, Justices of Peace have largely been replaced in magistrates' courts by legally-qualified (first-class) stipendiary magistrates . However, state governments continue to appoint Justices of Peace as honours. In 2004 , some associations of JPs pressed

2494-573: The wife of a Tun is called Toh Puan . The recipients and their wives are then bestowed with the style of Yang Amat Berbahagia or (The Most Felicitous). The SMN is usually awarded to newly appointed Yang di-Pertua Negeri (YDPN), and to all the retired Prime Ministers of Malaysia , with the exception of Tunku Abdul Rahman (he is the Prince of the state of Kedah ), Najib Razak , Muhyiddin Yassin , and Ismail Sabri Yaakob . Examples: Tan Sri

2552-556: Was 66 when elected to the position, Tan was regarded as the only man able to bring the Malayan Chinese together. The post-war years and the Emergency was a difficult and dangerous juncture for the community. The Chinese were deeply divided and their loyalty was under scrutiny. Among the Chinese, only Tan had the stature to engage with senior Malays such as Datuk Onn Jaafar and Tunku Abdul Rahman . Strongly anti-communist, he

2610-573: Was a Malaysian Peranakan businessman and a key public figure who devoted his life to fighting for the rights and the social welfare of the Chinese community in Malaya. Tan was also the founder and the first president of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), which advocated his cause for the Malayan Chinese population. Born on 5 April 1883, Tan was the third son of Tan Keong Ann ( Chinese : 陳恭安 ; pinyin : Chén Gōngān ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tân Kiong-an ), who had seven sons and daughters, and

2668-495: Was a fifth generation Peranakan - Hokkien Chinese Malaysian living at 111, Heeren Street ( Malay : Jalan Heeren ) in Malacca . His ancestor, Tan Hay Kwan ( Chinese : 陳夏觀 ; pinyin : Chén Xiàguān ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tân Hē͘-kuan ), a junk owner and trader, had migrated to Malacca from Zhangzhou prefecture in Fujian Province, China in 1771. His grandfather, Tan Choon Bok ( Chinese : 陳春木 ; pinyin : Chén Chūnmù ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tân Chhun-bo̍k ),

2726-449: Was abolished by the British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. Much of the Philippines was historically accustomed to the usage of Malay titles by its royals and nobles , such as Raja Sulayman and Dayang Kalangitan in Luzon. Malay titles are still prominently used by the royal houses of Sulu and Maguindanao among other noble lineages in Mindanao in preservation of genealogies. Officially,

2784-439: Was also nominated as the Commissioner of the Town Council for the towns and Malacca port as well. In 1914, he resuscitated the Chinese Company of the Malacca Volunteer Corps (later also known as B Company, 4th Battalion, Straits Settlement Volunteer Force) and served as a private for five years until 1919. In 1915, he revived the Straits Chinese British Association (SCBA), electing him as the President of SCBA soon after. In 1923, at

2842-495: Was also the chairman of United Malacca Rubber Estates, and sat on the boards of a number of companies, including Unitac, Siemens, Pacific Bank, Highlands & Lowlands, and Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance . Tan Siew Sin died on 17 March 1988 in Kuala Lumpur , and was buried in the family burial ground in Malacca. His widow, Catherine Lim Cheng Neo, whom he married on 8 February 1947 was an active campaigner for family planning . They had three daughters. In Kuala Lumpur, there

2900-453: Was also trusted by the British colonial officials. He joined the Malay leaders – first through the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action , which he chaired, and then the Communities Liaison Committee headed by Dato' Sir E. E. C. Thuraisingham – to fight for constitutional change and work towards inter-ethnic co-operation. Tan organized a hartal (general strike) in Malacca to protest against the British colonial government. The establishment of

2958-510: Was appointed the Deputy Chairman of the Alliance in 1964. He led his party to victory in the 1964 General Election , winning 27 of the 33 parliamentary seats contested. Tan however came under criticism for not pushing for the recognition of Mandarin as an official language and the establishment of a Mandarin language university. In March 1968, Tan proposed setting up the Tunku Abdul Rahman College for Chinese youths who would otherwise be denied an opportunity to tertiary education. The college

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3016-471: Was criticised for awarding the Datuk title to a non-Malaysian Indian actor, Shah Rukh Khan , for making movies and promoting the Malacca state internationally. In 2024, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor , stated "If a recipient is found to have tarnished the country’s image or commits a crime and has been punished by the court, then the award will be withdrawn. (Say) Goodbye to it." He also stated that "Accordingly, I have instructed

3074-442: Was diagnosed as having tuberculosis . He fully recovered after an operation in Switzerland for treatment. Three years later, he moved on to his higher education in the field of law in England . He never completed his legal studies. Fearing an outbreak of war in Europe, in July 1939 Tun Tan Cheng Lock ordered him and his two sisters to leave London and return to Malacca. On Sept 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland , an event that marked

3132-415: Was formally set up on February 24, 1969. Under Tan's stewardship, the MCA also set up Koperasi Serbaguna Malaysia (KSM), an initiative of MCA Youth based on the cooperative principle. In the 1969 general election , MCA lost more than half its seats to the new, mainly Chinese Malaysian , opposition parties Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Tan considered taking

3190-413: Was involved in the founding of three rubber companies. He started United Malacca Rubber Estate Ltd. himself, and he obtained the assistance of other businessmen to jointly set up Malacca Pinda Rubber Estates Ltd. and Ayer Molek Rubber Company, Ltd. Three years later in 1912, he was nominated as Malacca Council Commissioner and a Justice of the Peace for Malacca by the British government . Months later, he

3248-660: Was made for the purpose of acquiring two other houses on Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock in Malacca for the conservation and promotion of Peranakan architecture and culture in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia. The house in Singapore was named the Tan Cheng Lock Baba House , in honour of Tan's strong belief in education. Malay styles and titles#Tun The Malay language has a complex system of styles , titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam , Malaysia and Singapore . Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article

3306-533: Was not accustomed to working with Chinese businessmen. The goal for the foundation of the Malayan Chinese Association was to unite the Chinese population in Malaya , including the protection of the rights and interests of the Chinese, to work with the colonial government to stop the spread of communism and to work with other races to achieve independence for Malaya. The MCA branches had been set up after their campaigns had attracted more than 200,000 members. On 26 September 1951, he supported Onn Jaadar's idea to form

3364-408: Was very wealthy but he felt his four sons were unworthy to inherit his business empire and wealth and locked his assets in a family trust which ended 84 years after he died, in 1964. By then Tan Cheng Lock had been dead for four years. Tan Cheng Lock's father, Tan Keong Ann, was so devastated by his 'disinheritance' that he railed at his father's portrait daily and took to drink. He did not try to earn

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