Tandwa is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Simaria subdivision of the Chatra district , Jharkhand state , India.
71-482: Chatra district forms a part of the Upper Hazaribagh Plateau , Lower Hazaribagh Plateau and northern scarp . Located at an elevation of about 450 metres (1,476 ft), the general slope of the district is from north to south. Red laterite acidic soil predominates in an area that is primarily dependent upon rain-fed agriculture. Around 60% of the district is covered with forests. The district has
142-496: A tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion , encompasses the plateau. The ecoregion has an area of 122,100 square kilometres (47,100 sq mi), covering most of the state of Jharkhand and adjacent portions of Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. The ecoregion is drier than surrounding ones, including the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests that covers
213-1025: A backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund . The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. According to the District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census, Tandwa CD block had 27 villages with pre-primary schools, 73 villages with primary schools, 48 villages with middle schools, 5 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with senior secondary schools, 14 villages with no educational facility. .*Note: Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand Vananchal College
284-479: A general elevation of about 300 metres (1,000 ft) and it consists of undulating land with scattered hills – Baghmundi and Ajodhya range, Panchakot and the hills around Jhalda are the prominent ones. Adjacent Bankura district of West Bengal has been described as the "connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west." The same could be said of the Birbhum district and
355-827: A height of 150 metres (490 ft) from these hills, making it the highest waterfall on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Netarhat and Pakripat plateaus are physiographically part of the Pat region. In the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, the Manbhum area covers the present Purulia district in West Bengal , and Dhanbad district and parts of Bokaro district in Jharkhand, and the Singhbhum area broadly covers Kolhan division of Jharkhand. The Manbhum area has
426-590: A population density of 275 persons per km. Around two-thirds of the families in the district live below poverty line . In the extreme south of the district some portions of Tandwa CD Block are part of North Karanpura Coalfield . Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. As of 2012, Chatra was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state. 5 persons were killed in Chatra district in 2012, but Maoist activities, such as arms training camps and organisation of ‘Jan Adalats’ ( kangaroo courts ) were on
497-512: A population of 12,969 in 2011. As of 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Tandwa CD block was 65,367 (62.74% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 39,132 (72.60% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 26,235 (42.89% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 29.71%. As of 2011 census, literacy in Chatra district
568-400: A study from 2007. The language is known by several names, such as Nagpuri, Nagpuria, Sadani, Sadri etc. In the literary tradition, the language is known as Nagpuri, which is the polished and literary language especially used by Hindus and in cities. While Sadri refers to the spoken and non-literary form of the language, especially spoken by tribal groups in the countryside. The name Nagpuri
639-476: A traditional alcoholic beverage and as a food source for animals. Other significant plants include bamboo ( Bambusa ), teak ( Tectona grandis ),and wild mango ( Mangifera indica ), flame of the forest ( Butea monosperma ). The region is home to diverse wildlife, including apex predators like the tiger ( Panthera tigris ) and large herbivores such as the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ). Ungulates such as
710-447: A variety of raptors and migratory birds. The Chota Nagpur Plateau was once extensively forested, but today over half of its natural forest cover has been removed, largely for grazing land and increasingly intense mining activities. These disruptions pose significant ecological threats. Mining for minerals like coal, iron ore, and bauxite has led to large-scale deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat fragmentation, which critically affects
781-466: Is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh , Odisha , West Bengal and Bihar . The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi river lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi). The name Nagpur
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#1732782479466852-493: Is a historical work in the nagpuri language. The poet Ghasi Ram Mahli wrote several works, including "Nagvanashavali", "Durgasaptasati", "Barahamasa", "Vivha Parichhan" etc. There were also great writers like Pradumn Das and Rudra Singh. It is believed that prose writing in the nagpuri language started by Christian missionaries. E.H.Whitley wrote Notes on the Ganwari dialect of Lohardaga, Chhota Nagpur in 1896, which considered
923-529: Is a predominantly forest district with 65% of the land area being covered with forests. The balance 35% of the area has both rocky and alluvial soil. Alluvial soil is found mostly near river valleys. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are bajra , maize and pulses (mainly arhar and gram ). NTPC Limited is constructing the 3 X 660 MW North Karanpura Thermal Power Station at Tandwa at an appraised current (2015) estimated cost of ₹ 14,366.58 crore. The North Karanpura Coalfield
994-626: Is also used as a lingua franca among the Tea-garden community of Assam , West Bengal and Bangladesh who were taken as labourers to work in the tea gardens during the British Period . It is known as Baganiya bhasa in the tea garden area of Assam which is influenced by the Assamese language . According to the 2011 Census, it is spoken by 5.1 million people as a first language. Around 7 million speak it as their second language based on
1065-417: Is an Apabhramsha and descendant of Magadhi Prakrit in his book "Nagpuri bhasa ebam Sahitya". According to Dr. Shravan Kumar Goswami , Nagpuri evolved from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit . According to him, Nagpuri might have originated between the 8th to 11th centuries and developed into a full-fledged language between the 14th to 15th centuries. According to Yogendra Nath Tiwari, Nagpuri is an ancient language that
1136-790: Is available from the 17th century. In 1903, Sir George Abraham Grierson classified Nagpuri as the Nagpuria dialect of the Bhojpuri language in his " Linguistic Survey of India ". Nagpuri has been placed in the Bihari group of Indo-Aryan languages . Recent studies demonstrate that the Indo-Aryan languages of the Chota Nagpur plateau, called Sadani languages , are distinct languages and are more closely related to each other than any other languages. Distribution of Nagpuri language in
1207-902: Is bounded by Simaria CD block in the north, Keredari CD block, in Hazaribagh district , in the east, Khelari CD block, in Ranchi district , in the south and Balumath CD block, in Latehar district , in the west. Tandwa CD block has an area of 455.21 km. Tandwa and Piparwar police stations serve this block. The headquarters of Tandwa CD block is at Tandwa village. There are 19 panchayats and 96 villages in Tandwa CD block. Gram panchayats of Tandwa CD block/ panchayat samiti are: Padumpur, Dhangada, Misraul, Nawada alias Teliadih, Kabra, Pokla alias Kasiadih, Koyad, Saradhu, Gadilog, Tandwa, Raham, Bargano, Dahu, Benti, Kalyapur, Bahera, Kichto, Bachara I (North) and Bachara II (South). According to
1278-575: Is derived from the region ruled by Nagvanshi , named as Chutia Nagpur ( Chota Nagpur Division ) by the British to distinguish it from Nagpur of Maharashtra . Similarly, the Sadani term derived from the languages of Sadan ethnolinguistic group of Chotanagpur. The Sadani also refer to closely related Indo-Aryan languages of Jharkhand such as Nagpuri, Panchpargania , Kurmali and Khortha . Nagpuri language writers are in favour of using Nagpuri as
1349-476: Is locally called, are 910 to 1,070 metres (3,000 to 3,500 ft) above sea level. The highest point is 1,164 metres (3,819 ft). The next part contains larger portions of the old Ranchi and Hazaribagh districts and some parts of old Palamu district, before these were broken up into smaller administrative units. The general height is 610 metres (2,000 ft). The topography in undulating with prominent gneissic hills, often dome-like in outline. The lowest step of
1420-407: Is mostly hilly, though near the borders of West Bengal it flattens out into an alluvial plain. In the Singhbhum area, there are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country. The centre of the area consists of an upland plateau enclosed by hill ranges. This strip, extending from
1491-453: Is often subdivided into two parts – the higher plateau and the lower plateau . Here the higher plateau is referred to as Hazaribagh plateau and the lower plateau as Koderma plateau. The Hazaribagh plateau on which Hazaribagh town is built is about 64 km (40 mi) east by west and 24 km (15 mi) north by south with an average elevation of 610 m (2,000 ft). The north-eastern and southern faces are mostly abrupt; but to
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#17327824794661562-741: Is primarily spoken in the west and central Chota Nagpur plateau region. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Bhojpuri . It is the native language of the Sadan , the Indo-Aryan ethnic group of Chota Nagpur plateau. In addition to native speakers, it is also used as a lingua franca by many tribal groups such as the Kurukh , a Dravidian ethnic group, and the Kharia , Munda , and Austro-asiatic ethnic groups. A number of speakers from these tribal groups have adopted it as their first language. It
1633-611: Is probably taken from Nagavanshis , who ruled in this part of the country. Chhota ( small in Hindi) is the misunderstood name of "Chuita" village in the outskirts of Ranchi , which has the remains of an old fort belonging to the Nagavanshis. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is a continental plateau—an extensive area of land thrust above the general land.The plateau is composed of Precambrian rocks (i.e., rocks more than about 540 million years old). The plateau has been formed during
1704-527: Is spread across parts of Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Latehar districts of Jharkhand covering an area of 1,230 km. This coalfield in the upper reaches of the Damodar Valley , has reserves of around 14 billion tonnes of coal, very little of which has been exploited. Karkatta, KD Hesalong, Manki, Churi, Bachara UG, Bachara OC, and Dakara are long established collieries south of the Damodar. North of
1775-461: Is the largest part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The elevation of the plateau surface in this part is about 700 m (2,300 ft) and gradually slopes down towards south-east into the hilly and undulating region of Singhbhum (earlier the Singhbhum district or what is now the Kolhan division ). The plateau is highly dissected. The Damodar River originates here and flows through a rift valley . To
1846-434: The 2011 Census of India , Tandwa CD block had a total population of 126,319, of which 113,350 were rural and 12,969 were urban. There were 65,141 (52%) males and 53,016 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 21,938. Scheduled Castes numbered 30,104 (23.87%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 20,330 (16.12%). Tandwa village had a population of 6,475 in 2011. Bachra is a census town in Tandwa CD block with
1917-453: The Asansol and Durgapur subdivisions of Bardhaman district . The Singhbhum area contains much more hilly and broken country. The whole of the western part is a mass of hill ranges rising to 910 metres (3,000 ft) in the south-west. Jamshedpur sits on an open plateau, 120 to 240 metres (400 to 800 ft) above mean sea level, with a higher plateau to the south of it. The eastern part
1988-705: The Cenozoic by continental uplift due to tectonic forces. The Gondwana substrates attest to the plateau's ancient origin. It is part of the Deccan Plate , which broke free from the southern continent during the Cretaceous to embark on a 50-million-year journey that was interrupted by the collision with the Eurasian continent. The northeastern part of the Deccan Plateau , where this ecoregion sits,
2059-725: The Eastern Ghats and Satpura Range to the south, and the Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests in the lowlands to the east and north. The plateau is covered with a variety of various habitats of which Sal forest is predominant. The plateau is home to the Palamau Tiger Reserve and other large blocks of natural habitat which are among the few remaining refuges left in India for large populations of tiger and Asian elephants . The flora of
2130-523: The Santhal , Munda , Oraon , and Ho , alongside non-tribal groups. These groups have distinct traditions, languages, and spiritual practices, often tied closely to nature and ancestral worship. Festivals like Sarhul, Holi and Karam are central to their culture, celebrating harvests and nature with traditional music, dance, and rituals. Craftsmanship is a strong aspect, with communities creating intricate beadwork, pottery, and metalwork. Human habitation in
2201-459: The four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ), blackbuck ( Antilope cervicapra ), and chinkara ( Gazella bennettii ) are also common, alongside predators like the dhole ( Cuon alpinus ) and the sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ). Bird species include the threatened lesser florican ( Sypheotides indicus ), various hornbills including the Indian grey hornbill ( Ocyceros birostris ), and
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2272-666: The 17 m (56 ft) high Pheruaghaugh Falls at the southern margin of the Ranchi plateau. Such falls are called scarp falls. Hundru Falls (75 m) on the Subarnarekha River near Ranchi, Dassam Falls (39.62 m) on the Kanchi River, east of Ranchi, Sadni Falls (60 m) on the Sankh River (Ranchi plateau) are examples of scarp falls. Sometimes waterfalls of various dimensions are formed when tributary streams join
2343-416: The Chota Nagpur Plateau ranges from dry to wet forests, with trees reaching heights of up to 25 metres (82 ft). Some areas are swampy, while others feature bamboo grasslands and shrubs like Holarrhena and Dodonaea . Key species include sal ( Shorea robusta ), which provides valuable timber and supports diverse wildlife, and mahua ( Madhuca longifolia ), known for its fragrant flowers used to make
2414-400: The Damodar lies comparatively new major mines such as Piparwar Mine and Ashoka Project. 23 mines are planned in the northern sector. Those in an advanced stage of planning are: Dhadu, Purnadih, Magadh, and Amrapali. This happens to be the largest mining sector of Central Coalfields Limited . See also - Magadh Sanghamitra Area , Amrapali & Chandragupta Area Chatra district is listed as
2485-590: The Damodar valley is steep as far as the southeastern corner of the Hazaribagh plateau. On the south of the trough the Damodar keeps close to the edge of the Ranchi plateau till it has passed Ramgarh, after which a turn to the north-east leaves on the right hand a wide and level valley on which the Subarnarekha begins to intrude, south of Gola till the Singhpur Hills divert it to the south. Further to
2556-666: The Koderma plateau, elevated above the plains of Bihar, has the appearance of a range of hills, but in reality it is the edge of a plateau, 240 metres (800 ft) from the level of the Gaya plain. Eastward this northern edge forms a well-defined watershed between heads of the tributaries of Gaya and those of the Barakar River , which traverses the Koderma and Giridih districts in an easterly direction. The slope of this plateau to
2627-519: The Neogene, specifically the Pliocene epoch, despite a lack of conclusive evidence. Earlier studies identified vertebrate fossils in these sediments, with reported fish fossils with affinities to modern families, linking these deposits to recent ichthyofauna adaptations. The Chota Nagpur Plateau consists of three steps. The highest step is in the western part of the plateau, where pats as a plateau
2698-720: The Subarnarekha River on the east to the Angarbira range to the west of Chaibasa, is a very fertile area. Saranda forest is reputed to have the best Sal forests in Asia. The Chota Nagpur Plateau has an attractive climate. For five to six months of the year, from October onward the days are sunny and bracing. The mean temperature in December is 23 °C (73 °F). The nights are cool and temperatures in winter may drop below freezing point in many places. In April and May
2769-508: The country. Massive coal deposits are found in the central basin spreading over 2,883 square kilometres (1,113 sq mi). The important coalfields in the basin are Jharia , Raniganj , West Bokaro , East Bokaro , Ramgarh , South Karanpura and North Karanpura . Nagpuri language Nagpuri (also known as Sadri ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand , Chhattisgarh , Odisha and Bihar . It
2840-443: The day temperature may cross 38 °C (100 °F) but it is very dry and not sultry as in the adjacent plains. The rainy season (June to September) is pleasant. The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an annual average rainfall of around 1,400 millimetres (55 in), which is less than the rainforested areas of much of India and almost all of it in the monsoon months between June and August. The Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests ,
2911-495: The decline. As of 2016, Chatra was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities. There are interesting pre-historic cave paintings in Saraiya and Thetangi villages in Tandwa CD block. Tandwa is located at 23°51′19″N 85°01′51″E / 23.8552°N 85.0309°E / 23.8552; 85.0309 . It has an average elevation of 508 metres (1,667 ft). Tandwa CD block
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2982-566: The east is uniform and gentle and is continued past the river, which bears to the south-east, into the Santhal Parganas and gradually disappears in the lower plains of Bengal. The western boundary of the plateau is formed by the deep bed of the Lilajan River .The southern boundary consists of the face of the higher plateau, as far as its eastern extremity, where for some distance a low and undistinguished watershed runs eastward to
3053-580: The east the Damodar River passes tamely into the Manbhum sector of lowest step of the Chota Nagpur plateau. The Palamu division generally lies at a lower height than the surrounding areas of Chota Nagpur Plateau. On the east the Ranchi plateau intrudes into the division and the southern part of the division merges with the Pat region. On the west are the Surguja highlands of Chhattishgarh and Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. The Son River touches
3124-399: The east, and on the north-west edge of the plateau Sendraili at 670 m (2,210 ft) and Mahuda at 734 m (2,409 ft) are the most prominent features. Isolated on the plateau, in the neighbourhood of Hazaribagh town are four hills of which the highest Chendwar rises to 860 m (2,810 ft). On all sides it has an exceedingly abrupt scarp, modified only on the south-east. In
3195-425: The economy, alongside growing steel production, power generation, and related infrastructure developments. However, agriculture remains important, with rice, maize, and pulses as staple crops. Chota Nagpur plateau is a store house of mineral resources such as mica , bauxite , copper , limestone , iron ore and coal . The Damodar valley is rich in coal, and it is considered as the prime centre of coking coal in
3266-551: The language in Jharkhand. Alternate names of Nagpuri language include: Sadani, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri, Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari, Gauuari, Jharkhandhi. There are different opinions among linguists about the origin of the Nagpuri language. According to Peter Shanti Navrangi, Nagpuriya Sadani or Nagpuri originated from ancient Prakrit . According to professor Keshri Kumar Singh, Nagpuri
3337-607: The master stream from great heights forming hanging valleys. At Rajrappa (10 m), the Bhera River coming over from the Ranchi Plateau hangs above the Damodar River at its point of confluence with the latter. The Jonha Falls (25.9 m) is another example of this category of falls. The Ganga River hangs over its master stream, the Raru River (to the east of Ranchi city) and forms the said falls. The Hazaribagh plateau
3408-840: The modern period are in Devnagari script . Nagpuri poetry has been written in Devnagari and Kaithi script during the 17th century. At present, mainly Devnagari script is used in literature. The Nagpuri language is rich in folk tales, folk songs and riddles. Literature in the Nagpuri language are available since the 17th century. The Nagvanshi king Raghunath Shah and the King of Ramgarh , Dalel Singh , were poets. These poems were composed in Devnagari script and Kaithi script. Some Nagpuri peots were Hanuman Singh, Jaigovind Mishra, Barju Ram Pathak, Ghasi Ram Mahli, Das Mahli, Mahant Ghasi and Kanchan. "Nagvanshavali" (1876), written by Beniram Mehta,
3479-421: The nagpuri language are as follows: Nagpuri taught at some high schools as a subject in Jharkhand. It is also taught at Ranchi University , Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University , Ranchi Women's College , Suraj Singh Memorial College , J.N College , Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College , Doranda College , Simdega College and other universities of Jharkhand. Historically, Nagpuri was the lingua-franca in
3550-404: The name of the language. There is an opposition against the use of the word Sadri and giving two names Sadan/Sadri and Nagpuria, to a single language in the upcoming Indian census . According to them, the name of the language is Nagpuri and the native speakers of the language are known as Nagpuria. The British also wrote a grammar using the name Nagpuri in 1906, and Nagpuri is the official name of
3621-413: The north it is separated from the Hazaribagh plateau by the Damodar trough. To the west is a group of plateaus called pat . There are many waterfalls at the edges of the Ranchi plateau where rivers coming from over the plateau surface form waterfalls when they descend through the precipitous escarpments of the plateau and enter the area of significantly lower elevation. The North Karo River has formed
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#17327824794663692-496: The north-western corner of the division and then forms the state boundary for about 72 kilometres (45 mi). The general system of the area is a series of parallel ranges of hills running east and west through which the North Koel River passes. The hills in the south are the highest in the area, and the picturesque and isolated cup-like Chhechhari valley is surrounded by lofty hills on every side. Lodh Falls drops from
3763-605: The north. The highest hills in this area are called after the villages of Kasiatu, Hesatu and Hudu, and rise fronting the south 180 m (600 ft) above the general level of the plateau. Further east along the southern face a long spur projects right up to the Damodar river where it ends in Aswa Pahar, elevation 751 metres (2,465 ft). At the south-eastern corner of the plateau is Jilinga Hill at 932 metres (3,057 ft). Mahabar Jarimo at 666 m (2,185 ft) and Barsot at 660 m (2,180 ft) stand in isolation to
3834-481: The plateau is at an average level of around 300 metres (1,000 ft). It covers the old Manbhum and Singhbhum districts. High hills are a striking part of this section – Parasnath Hills rise to a height of 1,370 metres (4,480 ft) and Dalma Hills to 1,038 metres (3,407 ft). The large plateau is subdivided into several small plateaus or sub-plateaus. The western plateau with an average elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above mean sea level merges into
3905-483: The plateau of the Surguja district of Chhattisgarh. The flat topped plateau, locally known as pats are characterized by level surface and accordance of their summit levels shows they are part of one large plateau. Examples include Netarhat Pat, Jamira Pat, Khamar Pat, Rudni Pat and others. The area is also referred to as Western Ranchi Plateau. It is believed to be composed of Deccan basalt lava. The Ranchi Plateau
3976-419: The plateau’s ecological resources. About 6 percent of the ecoregion's area is within protected areas, comprising 6,720 square kilometres (2,590 sq mi) in 1997. The largest are Palamau Tiger Reserve and Sanjay National Park . The Chota Nagpur region is a culturally rich area with a diverse population comprising various indigenous tribes and ethnic communities. The region is home to tribes like
4047-748: The region dates back to the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period, as evidenced by various ancient cave paintings. Stone tools from the Chota Nagpur Plateau indicate human activity dating back to the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. Additionally, ancient cave paintings at Isko in Hazaribagh district date to the Meso-Chalcolithic period (9000–5000 BCE). The region has seen an dominance of non-tribal populations over time, owing to growth in mining and industrial activities. Large-scale extraction industries in coal and iron mining dominate
4118-601: The south it falls almost sheer in a swoop of 670 m (2,200 ft) to the bed of Bokaro River , below Jilinga Hill. Seen from the north the edge of this plateau has the appearance of a range of hills, at the foot of which (on the Koderma plateau) runs the Grand Trunk Road and NH 2 (new NH19 ). The Koderma plateau is also referred to as the Hazaribagh lower plateau or as the Chauparan-Koderma-Girighi sub-plateau. The northern face of
4189-554: The start of writing prose in the nagpuri language. Some Nagpuri language writers and poets in the modern period are Praful Kumar Rai , Sahani Upendra Pal Singh , Shiv Avtar Choudhary, Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo , Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari and Girdhari Ram Gonjhu . Monthly Nagpuri magazines Gotiya and Johar Sahiya have been published in Ranchi . Several magazines have also been published in Assam, West Bengal's Tarai and Dooars districts. Some poets, writers and their works in
4260-456: The state of India (2011 census) The Nagpuri language is mainly spoken in the western Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The geographical distribution of language is tabulated below; It is also spoken by some Tea garden community in Tea garden area of Assam , West Bengal , Bangladesh and Nepal who were taken as labourer to work in Tea garden during British Rule. There are similarities between
4331-501: The survival and movement of native wildlife, particularly larger species such as elephants, tigers, and leopards that require extensive, undisturbed areas. Some conservation efforts are underway, including the establishment of protected areas and wildlife corridors aimed at reconnecting fragmented habitats. However, challenges remain due to limited enforcement of conservation policies and the economic dependence of local communities on mining and agriculture, which places continual pressure on
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#17327824794664402-676: The table. The Nagpuri language spoken in different districts such as Ranchi, Gumla, Simdega and Garhwa varies with each other. The early inscriptions found in the region are in Brahmi script . The Saridkel Brahmi Inscription from Khunti district is from 3rd century BCE. Several inscriptions of forts, temples and land grants are found from the 9th century, such as from Mahamaya temple of Hapamuni built by Gajghat Rai , Nagfeni , Navratangarh fort of Gumla district, Boreya and Jagannath temple of Ranchi. Some Buddhist inscriptions are undated, such as from Khalari and Jonha Falls . Inscriptions of
4473-959: The total population, and non-workers numbered 79,550 and formed 62.98% of the population. There are 91 inhabited villages in Tandwa CD block. In 2011, 22 villages had power supply. 5 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 90 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 91 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 9 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 1 village had telephone (land line), 25 villages had mobile phone coverage. All villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 30 villages had bus service (public/ private), 16 villages had autos / modified autos, 14 villages had taxi/vans and 38 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies. 40 villages had public distribution system , 16 villages had weekly haat (market) and 48 villages had assembly polling stations . Chatra
4544-511: The west it narrows and descends slowly in the neighbourhood of Simaria and Jabra where it curves to the south and connects with the Ranchi Plateau through Tori pargana. It is generally separated from the Ranchi plateau by the Damodar trough. The western portion of Hazaribagh plateau constitutes a broad watershed between the Damodar drainage on the south and the Lilajan and Mohana rivers on
4615-556: The western spurs of Parasnath Hills . The drainage to the south of this low line passes by the Jamunia River to the Damodar. The Damodar basin forms a trough between the Ranchi and Hazaribagh plateaus resulting from enormous fractures at their present edges, which caused the land between to sink to a great depth and incidentally preserved from denudation by the Karanpura, Ramgarh and Bokaro coalfields. The northern boundary of
4686-413: The words of Nagpuri, Hindi , Apabhramsha , Prakrit and Sanskrit which are given in the table below. Magadhi, Nagpuri and Jharkhand Prakrit use "la" in the past tense, "ta" in the present tense and "ma" in the future tense. The words are given below in the table. Below are some words about relationships in Nagpuri in the table. Below are some words of daily use in Nagpuri, Hindi and English in
4757-568: Was 13,127. According to 2011 census, number of households in Tandwa CD block was 23,319. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%. Livelihood in Tandwa CD block In Tandwa CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 14,256 and formed 30.48%, agricultural labourers numbered 18,949 and formed 40.42%, household industry workers numbered 1,241 and formed 2.65% and other workers numbered 12,323 and formed 26.35%. Total workers numbered 46,769 and formed 37.02% of
4828-578: Was 60.18%. Literacy in Jharkhand (for population over 7 years) was 66.41% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Languages of Tandwa CD block (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 63.85% of the population spoke Khortha , 16.96% Hindi , 12.41% Kurukh , 3.25% Urdu and 1.32% Nagpuri as their first language. Total number of BPL households in Tandwa CD block in 2002-2007
4899-647: Was established at Tandwa in 1985. It is affiliated with the Vinoba Bhave University . According to the District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census, Tandwa CD block had 6 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospital, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with family welfare centre, 2 villages with medicine shops. .*Note: Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included Chota Nagpur Plateau#Hazaribagh plateau The Chota Nagpur Plateau
4970-512: Was in existence before Chotanagpur or Jharkhand started to be known as Nagpur and evolved from Jharkhand Prakrit. There is no consensus among scholars from which language Nagpuri has evolved. Several similarities are found between the words of Hindi , Nagpuri, Apabrahmsa, Prakrit and Sanskrit . The Nagpuri language was the court language of the Nagvanshi dynasty and the official language of Chotanagpur till British rule. Evidence of literature
5041-436: Was the first area of contact with Eurasia. The history of metamorphism, granitic activities and igneous intrusions in the Chotanagpur area continued for a period from over 1000 Ma to 185 Ma. The Chota Nagpur region has a notable fossil presence. The fossil-rich sedimentary units host fossilized remains across a range of biota, such as angiosperm leaves, fruits, flowers, wood, and fish. This stratigraphy has been associated with
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