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42-677: His name becomes associated with a " fairy queen "–type folk ballad in German folklore of the 16th century. The most common tradition has him as a descent from the Tanhusen family of Imperial ministeriales , documented in various 13th century sources, with their residence in the area of Neumarkt in the Bavarian Nordgau . These sources identify him as being descended of an Old Styrian noble family. The illustrated Codex Manesse manuscript (about 1300–1340) depicts him clad in

84-401: A "rude mechanical" (a labourer), Nick Bottom the weaver, who has been given the head of a donkey by Puck, who feels it is better suited to his character. While under the spell, Titania loses the powerful attributes she previously held and becomes fawning instead. After Oberon and Puck have had enough of watching Titania make a fool of herself to woo "a monster", Oberon reverses the spell and

126-569: A belt that will cut her in two when she puts it on, but a fairy servant warns the girl in time. Other Irish fairy queens included Clíodhna of Munster, Aoibhinn and Ainé . The Arthurian character of Morgan le Fey (or Morgan of the Fairies) ruled the supernatural island of Avalon and was sometimes depicted as a fairy queen. In the Vita Merlini , she is Morgen, the chief of nine magical sister queens . Fairy queens appear in some of

168-450: A fairy court hidden in a cave on the local mountains. La Sale personally visited the cave but did not delve into it past the entrance. He also reports the legend of an unnamed german knight who would have descended in the cave and lived there as one of the fairies' spouse, before coming back to seek forgiveness from the Pope. Despairing of being forgiven for his sins, he would have returned to

210-531: A fairy queen named Penelope La Gard. There were numerous local beliefs of fairy queens, some of whom had proper names. A charm from the Isle of Man names the fairy rulers as King Philip and Queen Bahee. One Welsh folk informant stated that the queen of the Tylwyth Teg was Gwenhidw, wife of Gwydion ab Don , and small, fleecy clouds were her sheep. Some of these local beliefs influenced literature. "Old Moss

252-639: A few story elements and is known for including a scandalous depiction of the revels of Venus's court in its first scene. The plot of the opera covers both the Tannhäuser legend and the epic of the Sängerkrieg at Wartburg Castle. Fairy queen In folklore and literature, the Fairy Queen or Queen of the Fairies is a female ruler of the fairies , sometimes but not always paired with

294-449: A king. Depending on the work, she may be named or unnamed; Titania and Mab are two frequently used names. Numerous characters, goddesses or folkloric spirits worldwide have been labeled as Fairy Queens. The Tuatha Dé Danann and Daoine Sidhe of Irish mythology had numerous local kings and queens. Oonagh, Una or Nuala was the wife of Finvarra or Fionnbharr, fairy king of western Ireland, although he frequently took other lovers. She

336-624: A knight and poet who found the Venusberg , the subterranean home of Venus , and spent a year there worshipping the goddess. After leaving the Venusberg, Tannhäuser is filled with remorse, and travels to Rome to ask Pope Urban IV (reigned 1261–1264) if it is possible to be absolved of his sins. Urban replies that forgiveness is impossible, as much as it would be for his papal staff to blossom. Three days after Tannhäuser's departure, Urban's staff bloomed with flowers; messengers are sent to retrieve

378-500: A major role to play in one of A Midsummer Night's Dream's subplots. Titania is a very proud creature and as much of a force to contend with as her husband, Oberon . She and Oberon are engaged in a marital quarrel over which of them should have the keeping of an Indian changeling boy. It is this quarrel which drives the plot, creating the mix-ups and confusion of the other characters in the play. Due to an enchantment cast by Oberon's servant Puck , Titania magically falls in love with

420-582: A queen in Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve 's Beauty and the Beast , and in several of Madame D'Aulnoy 's tales, such as The Princess Mayblossom . In Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force 's Fairer-than-a-Fairy , the villain is a wicked fairy queen named Nabote who replaced the previous, good queen. D'Aulnoy, who popularized the genre and the term "fairy tale," was nicknamed "la reine de la féerie." In The Little White Bird ,

462-642: Is played by Maxine Peak . The version became known for the kiss between Titania and Hippolyta. Titania is one of the bases for one of the bosses in Mega Man Zero 4 , a video game which was created in 2005. The character is called Sol Titanion, alongside a butterfly . Titania is the Queen of the Summer Court of fairies in Jim Butcher 's The Dresden Files series, the first instalment of which

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504-469: Is thought to have influenced William Shakespeare 's fairy rulers in A Midsummer Night's Dream . A fairy queen Gloriana, daughter of King Oberon , is the titular character of the allegorical epic poem The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser . She is also called Tanaquill, derived from the name of the wife of Tarquinius Priscus . She is a virtuous ruler written as an allegorical depiction of Queen Elizabeth . William Shakespeare referred multiple times to

546-481: Is voiced by Kate Mulgrew . In the 1999 film adaptation of the play, Titania is played by Michelle Pfeiffer . In 2016 Titania was added to the free-to-play action role-playing third-person shooter online game Warframe as the namesake of one of the titular Warframes, featuring razor-butterflies and assorted fairy-themed abilities. In the manga and anime The Ancient Magus' Bride (魔法使いの嫁 Mahō Tsukai no Yome) , which aired from October 2017 to March 2018,

588-595: The Shin Megami Tensei series of video games as a recruitable Demon alongside her spouse Oberon. In a production by the Bridge Theatre , Titania, played by Gwendoline Christie , switches roles with Oberon. For example, Titania is the one who places the love spell instead onto Oberon, who falls in love with Puck. In Vertigo Comics' The Sandman , which ran for 75 issues from January 1989 to March 1996, Titania rules Faerie with her mate Auberon and

630-703: The Child Ballads . A kind and helpful fairy queen features in Alison Gross (Child 35), and a terrible and deadly fairy queen is the antagonist of Tam Lin (Child 39). Tam Lin's Fairy Queen pays a tithe to Hell every seven years, and Tam Lin fears that he will be forced to serve as a human sacrifice: An unnamed fairy queen appears in Thomas the Rhymer (Child 37), where she takes the titular character as her lover and leaves him with prophetic abilities. Although

672-531: The Gentiles [non-Jews] was called Diana and her wandering court, and amongst us is called Fairy (as I told you) or our good neighbours". Medieval Christian authorities condemned cult beliefs of nocturnal, female spirit leaders who might accept offerings or take practitioners on a nighttime journey. The Sicilian doñas de fuera of Italy were one example. In Scotland in the 1530s, William Hay described Scottish witches meeting with " seely wights " or "Diana queen of

714-870: The Teutonic Order habit, suggesting he might have fought in the Sixth Crusade led by Emperor Frederick II in 1228/29. For a while, Tannhäuser was an active courtier at the court of the Austrian duke Frederick the Warlike , who ruled from 1230 to 1246. Frederick was the last of the Babenberg dukes; upon his death in the Battle of the Leitha River , Tannhäuser left the Vienna court. Tannhäuser

756-575: The Elf Queen. Equivalents appear across the world. In modern Greek folklore, Lamia is queen of the Nereids and Artemis is queen of the mountains and land-nymphs. A Romani legend describes Ana, queen of the Keshali nymphs, who was abducted by a demon. In " The Merchant's Tale ", by Geoffrey Chaucer , Pluto and Proserpine are described as the king and queen of the fairies. This depiction

798-510: The Fairies also features in Baum's book The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus , and is named Lulea in Baum's Queen Zixi of Ix . In Brandon Mull's Fablehaven series, the Fairy Queen is an essential part of the plot. Although she rules over the fairies, she is actually a unicorn capable of taking humanoid form. The character Erza Scarlet from Hiro Mashima 's Fairy Tail earned

840-549: The Netherlands. A queen of the fairies or spirits, referred to as the " Quene of Elfame " and other spelling variants, was mentioned in several Scottish witch trials. In the 16th century, Andro Man claimed to have had children by the "Quene of Elphen." Scholar Robert Pitcairn reconstructed the word as "Elphame" or "Elf-hame." The concept of a Dianic queen of spirits influenced the neopagan cultures that developed from Charles Godfrey Leland 's concept of Aradia "Queen of

882-505: The Queen of the Fairies is named Titania. Her husband is also named Oberon. In the manga and anime Fairy Tail , which was serialised from August 2006 to July 2017 and broadcast as a series from 2009 to 2019, the character Erza Scarlet carries the title of "Titania, Queen of the Fairies" because of her status as one of the most powerful of the female wizards in the Fairy Tail guild. In the 2016 BBC adaptation for television, Titania

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924-641: The Summer and Winter Courts. Oberon's half-human daughter, Meghan Chase, eventually becomes queen of the Iron Court. Diana Wynne Jones 's Fire and Hemlock is a modern reimagining of the ballads of Tam Lin and Thomas the Rhymer, in which the Fairy Queen is known as Mrs Laurel Perry Lynn. The goddess Diana was regularly portrayed as the ruler of the fairy kingdom in demonological literature, such as King James VI of Scotland 's Daemonologie , which says that she belongs to "the fourth kind of spirits, which by

966-662: The Wad was a Cornish queen of the piskeys , made famous in a marketing campaign in the early 1900s. According to John Leyden in 1801, the Scottish fairy queen was called Nicneven , the Gyre-Carling, or Hecate . Later scholarship has disputed this; Nicneven's earliest known appearance was in Alexander Montgomerie 's Flyting ( c.  1580 ) as a witch and worshiper of Hecate, and a separate character from

1008-747: The Witches". The Faerie faith developed from the same source as the McFarland Dianic tradition. Titania (A Midsummer Night%27s Dream) Titania ( / t ɪ ˈ t ɑː n i ə / ) is a character in William Shakespeare 's 1595–1596 play A Midsummer Night's Dream . In the play, she is the Queen of the fairies and wife of the Fairy King, Oberon. The pair are depicted as powerful natural spirits who together guarantee

1050-487: The alias "Titania" due to her power. In Foxglove Summer , part of the Rivers of London series, the protagonist Peter Grant is captured by the Fairy Queen and taken off to her Kingdom (an alternative reality or Otherworld where Britain is still covered with a massive unbroken primeval forest , with no sign of the familiar towns and villages). In Julie Kagawa 's Iron Fey series, Titania and Mab are rival queens of

1092-502: The characters of Titania, Oberon and Puck in his opera with spoken dialogue composed in 1825–26, Oberon , but this time set during the reign of Charlemagne . Alfred, Lord Tennyson 's 1892 play The Foresters , a Robin Hood story, includes a brief segment with Titania, Queen of the Fairies. Titania , one of Uranus 's moons, was named after Shakespeare's character. All of its moons (including Oberon ) are named for characters from

1134-468: The fairies' cave to live eternally among them. The association of this narrative with the name of Tannhäuser, appears to take place in the early 16th century. A German Tannhäuser folk ballad is recorded in numerous versions beginning around 1510. The popularity of the ballad continues unabated well into the 17th century. The motif became most popular as the principal source for Richard Wagner 's large three-act opera Tannhäuser (1845), which changes

1176-469: The fairies." Julian Goodare clarifies that "[t]here is no reason to believe that there was a Scottish cult of Diana"; rather, the name was contemporary authorities' way of classifying such beliefs. Names used for this figure included Herodias , Abundia, Bensozia, Richella, Satia, and numerous others like Doamna Zînelor in Romania (translated by Mircea Eliade as "Queen of the Fairies") or Wanne Thekla in

1218-599: The fairy queen as Mab. Drayton named Mab, not Titania, as Oberon's wife. Aside from Titania and Mab, Oberon was sometimes depicted with wives of other names: Aureola in a 1591 entertainment given for Queen Elizabeth at Elvetham in Hampshire , and Chloris in William Percy 's The Faery Pastorall around 1600. Fairies and their society often played a major role in the French contes de fées . The fairies are ruled by

1260-572: The fairy queen" appears in Shantooe Jest, a 19th-century poem by Thomas Shaw inspired by Yorkshire and Lancashire folklore. She flees the sound of the church bells to live with a giant named Todmore and they eventually settle in the location of Todmorden. Janet or Gennet, a legendary spirit associated with a waterfall called Janet's Foss in the Yorkshire Dales, was romanticized as a fairy queen by non-local writers and poets. Joan

1302-538: The fertility or health of the human and natural worlds. Yet their falling out has severely disrupted both worlds, as Titania explains at length in Act 1 Scene 2, ending "And this same progeny of evils comes /From our debate, from our dissension." The names Titania and Oberon may both sound vaguely classical, but neither is a figure from classical mythology. Survivals of homegrown English paganism were sometimes denounced as witchcraft ; but Shakespeare folds his pagan fairies into

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1344-572: The figure of a fairy queen. The Merry Wives of Windsor makes reference to the concept. In A Midsummer Night's Dream , Titania is the queen of the fairies and wife of King Oberon. Her name is derived from Ovid as an epithet of the Roman goddess Diana . In Romeo and Juliet , the character of Queen Mab does not appear but is described; she is the fairies' midwife, who rides in a tiny chariot and brings dreams to humans. Post-Shakespeare, authors such as Ben Jonson and Michael Drayton also named

1386-528: The knight, but he has already returned to Venusberg, never to be seen again. The earliest version of the narrative of the legend, not yet associated with name of Tannhäuser, is first recorded by the Provençal writer Antoine de la Sale (c. 1440) in his book La Salade. Here he narrates his visit to the town of Montemonaco in the Sibillini Mountains , Italy, and reports on the local legend of

1428-443: The more accepted mythology of Greco-Roman literature, associating Titania and Oberon with the legend of Theseus. Shakespeare likely took the name Titania from Ovid 's Metamorphoses , where it is an appellation given to the daughters of Titans . In traditional folklore, the fairy queen has no name. Due to Shakespeare's influence, later fiction has often used the name Titania for fairy-queen characters. Shakespeare's Titania has

1470-475: The predecessor to Peter Pan , author J. M. Barrie identifies Queen Mab as the name of the benign and helpful fairy queen. In Disney's series of films based on Tinker Bell , branching out from their adaptation of Peter Pan , the fairy ruler is Queen Clarion. In L. Frank Baum 's Oz books, Queen Lurline is an otherworldly fairy queen who played a role in the creation of the Land of Oz . An unnamed Queen of

1512-605: The romances and ballads associated with Thomas the Rhymer have parallels to Tam Lin, including the tithe to Hell, this fairy queen is a more benevolent figure. In Thomas Cheyne's rebellion in January 1450, "the King of Fairies" (Regem de ffeyre) and "The Queen of Fairies" (Reginam de ffeyre) were among the aliases used by the (male) leaders. Goodwin Wharton , a 17th-century English politician and mystic, believed that he had married

1554-489: The sorceress turning her lovers into animals, she is made to love a donkey after Bottom has been transformed. Titania has appeared in many other paintings, poems, plays and other works. In perhaps the earliest citation, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe included the figures from Shakespeare's work in Faust I in the 1770s, where she and her husband are celebrating their golden wedding anniversary. Carl Maria von Weber then used

1596-421: The two reunite after Titania pronounces "what visions have I seen! Methought I was enamour'd of an ass." At the play's conclusion, Titania and Oberon lead a fairy blessing of the marriages of the play's protagonists. Paul A. Olson argues that Titania falling in love with Bottom is an inversion of the ancient Circe story from Greek mythology . In this case, the tables are turned on the character and rather than

1638-447: The works of William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope . Titania also appears in the cartoon Gargoyles , produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, which originally aired from October 24, 1994, to February 15, 1997. Oberon and Titania have been divorced for 1,001 years, but remarry during the course of the series. She is also revealed to be the true identity of Anastasia Renard, mother of the recurring antagonist Fox . Titania/Anastasia

1680-419: Was a proponent of the leich ( lai ) style of minnesang and dance-song poetry. As literature, his poems parody the traditional genre with irony and hyperbole, somewhat similar to later commercium songs . However, his Bußlied (Poem on Atonement) is unusual, given the eroticism of the remaining Codex Manesse . Based on his Bußlied , Tannhäuser became the subject of a legendary account. It makes Tannhäuser

1722-477: Was published in 2005. In Dark Princess by W. E. B. Du Bois , the author dedicates the book: "To Her High Loveliness Titania XXVII By Her Own Grace Queen of Faerie." In Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers , released on July 2, 2019, Titania appears as an opponent during the course of the story. In the fiction, the name "Titania" is actually a title held by the ruler of the faeries rather than being an individual name in and of itself. Titania also appears in

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1764-465: Was usually described living with Finvarra in his hill Cnoc Meadha, but was sometimes said to have a separate residence in Cnoc Sidh Una ( Knockshegouna ). In one story following the model of the Fairies' Midwife ( Aarne-Thompson type 476), "Fionnbharr's wife" (unnamed) is thoughtlessly cursed by a human girl who must then serve as her midwife. Fionnbharr's wife attempts revenge by giving the girl

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